Surface modification of polyimide films using unipolar nanosecond-pulse DBD in atmospheric air

DBD-induced surface modification is very versatile to increase the adhesion or hydrophilicity of polymer films. In this paper, the DBD is produced by repetitive unipolar nanosecond pulses with a rise time of 15 ns and a full width at half maximum of about 30 ns. The power densities of the homogeneous and filamentary DBDs during plasma treatment are 158 and 192 mW/m², respectively, which are significantly less than that using ac DBD processing, and the corresponding plasma dose is also mild compared to AC DBD treatment. Surface treatment of polyimide films using the homogeneous and filamentary DBDs is studied and compared. The change of chemical and physical modification of the surface before and after plasma processing has been evaluated. It can be found that both surface morphology and chemical composition are modified, and the modification includes the rise of hydrophilicity, surface oxidation and the enhancement of surface roughness. Furthermore, the homogeneous DBD is more effective for surface processing than the filamentary DBD, which can be attributed to the fact that the homogeneous DBD can modify the surface more uniformly and introduce more polar functional groups.     

空气中纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电高速摄影

使用上升沿40 ns、脉宽70 ns的重复频率单极性纳秒脉冲电源,采用双水电极结构产生大气压空气中介质阻挡放电。测量了纳秒脉冲下介质阻挡电压和电流,并获得长曝光时间和ns级曝光时间的放电特性,采用曝光时间为2 ns的高速摄影拍摄放电发展过程。结果表明：大气压空气中,水电极结构纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电能够产生稳定均匀的放电等离子体,且存在二次放电。高速摄影对放电发展过程的拍摄结果表明:放电首先由电极中部开始发展,径向扩展至整个电极范围。     

High speed imaging of nanosecond-pulse dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric air

使用上升沿40 ns、脉宽70 ns的重复频率单极性纳秒脉冲电源,采用双水电极结构产生大气压空气中介质阻挡放电.测量了纳秒脉冲下介质阻挡电压和电流,并获得长曝光时间和ns级曝光时间的放电特性,采用曝光时间为2 ns的高速摄影拍摄放电发展过程.结果表明:大气压空气中,水电极结构纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电能够产生稳定均匀的放电等离子体,且存在二次放电.高速摄影对放电发展过程的拍摄结果表明:放电首先由电极中部开始发展,径向扩展至整个电极范围.     

大气压空气中重复频率纳秒脉冲气体放电模式研究

利用上升沿100ns、脉宽150ns的单级磁压缩纳秒脉冲电源,通过电压电流测量和放电图像拍摄实验,研究了大气压空气中极不均匀电场结构重复频率纳秒脉冲气体放电的放电模式。结果表明纳秒脉冲气体放电存在三种典型的放电模式:电晕放电、弥散放电和火花放电。施加的脉冲电压幅值对放电模式影响显著,随着电压幅值的增加,放电依次经历电晕、弥散和火花放电。固定电压幅值时,放电可能同时存在两种模式。重复频率加强了放电强度,弥散放电的激发电压随重复频率的增加变化不大,但火花放电的激发电压随着重复频率的增加而降低。因此降低重复频率有利于在较大电压范围获得大气压空气弥散放电。     

大气压空气中重复频率纳秒脉冲气体放电模式研究

利用上升沿100 ns、脉宽150 ns的单级磁压缩纳秒脉冲电源,通过电压电流测量和放电图像拍摄实验,研究了大气压空气中极不均匀电场结构重复频率纳秒脉冲气体放电的放电模式。结果表明纳秒脉冲气体放电存在三种典型的放电模式：电晕放电、弥散放电和火花放电。施加的脉冲电压幅值对放电模式影响显著,随着电压幅值的增加,放电依次经历电晕、弥散和火花放电。固定电压幅值时,放电可能同时存在两种模式。重复频率加强了放电强度,弥散放电的激发电压随重复频率的增加变化不大,但火花放电的激发电压随着重复频率的增加而降低。因此降低重复频率有利于在较大电压范围获得大气压空气弥散放电。     

常压空气亚微秒脉冲DBD高速摄影研究

为研究亚微秒脉冲激励常压空气介质阻挡放电（DBD）时空演化规律,采用高速摄影相机(ICCD)在ns量级时间曝光范围内,分别在单次及连续放电（500 Hz）情况下研究放电等离子体的发光性质及放电发展过程。结果表明：在亚微秒高压脉冲平行板结构放电条件下,起始阶段放电表现出不均匀性,随着电流增大发光增强并变得均匀,在回路电流最强位置时放电达到均匀状态,并且放电均匀性在回路电流下降阶段明显好于其上升沿阶段,放电发光强度与电流波形可以很好的吻合。在一定外界参数条件下,二次放电的存在受到电源重复频率、电压幅值等参数的影响。在单次放电条件下可以明显观测到二次放电的存在,相较于一次放电,二次放电更加均匀;连续状态放电模式下几乎观察不到二次放电。     

常压空气亚微秒脉冲DBD高速摄影研究

为研究亚微秒脉冲激励常压空气介质阻挡放电(DBD)时空演化规律,采用高速摄影相机(ICCD)在ns量级时间曝光范围内,分别在单次及连续放电(500Hz)情况下研究放电等离子体的发光性质及放电发展过程。结果表明:在亚微秒高压脉冲平行板结构放电条件下,起始阶段放电表现出不均匀性,随着电流增大发光增强并变得均匀,在回路电流最强位置时放电达到均匀状态,并且放电均匀性在回路电流下降阶段明显好于其上升沿阶段,放电发光强度与电流波形可以很好的吻合。在一定外界参数条件下,二次放电的存在受到电源重复频率、电压幅值等参数的影响。在单次放电条件下可以明显观测到二次放电的存在,相较于一次放电,二次放电更加均匀;连续状态放电模式下几乎观察不到二次放电。     

Measurement of the surface charging of a plasma actuator using surface DBD

In order to quantify the surface charging of a plasma actuator using surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge, we propose a new equivalent circuit for this surface DBD and a new simple method allowing the measurement of the surface charging during the first half cycle and the discharging during the other half cycle. Using this method, we observed the temporal evolution of the total charge on the dielectric surface during an operation of a SDBD starting with positive cycle. We also observed the same phenomenon during an operation starting with a negative cycle. The comparison between these two observations suggests that the high electro-negativity of oxygen plays an important role in these discharges. Finally, we compare the total amount of charge transferred over a cycle under different experimental conditions and we find that the transfer is the lowest in oxygen and the highest in nitrogen.     

Experimental study on characteristics of nanosecond-pulse surface dielectric barrier discharge

在常规大气环境条件下,基于单极性纳秒脉冲电源对表面介质阻挡放电特性进行了实验研究.结果表明:纳秒脉冲表而介质阻挡放电的本质是丝状放电,放电集中在电压脉冲的上升沿;激励电压和脉冲重复频率越大,放电越强烈,越接近均匀放电,但电压的作用更侧重于均匀性,而频率的作用则侧重于放电的强度;电极间隙的优化可以使表面介质阻挡放电特性最好;玻璃作为阻挡介质时容易发生沿面闪络.     

纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电特性实验研究

在常规大气环境条件下,基于单极性纳秒脉冲电源对表面介质阻挡放电特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电的本质是丝状放电,放电集中在电压脉冲的上升沿;激励电压和脉冲重复频率越大,放电越强烈,越接近均匀放电,但电压的作用更侧重于均匀性,而频率的作用则侧重于放电的强度;电极间隙的优化可以使表面介质阻挡放电特性最好;玻璃作为阻挡介质时容易发生沿面闪络。     

A variable hydrophobic surface improves corrosion resistance of electroplating copper coating

In this paper, Cu/liquid microcapsule composite coating was prepared by electroplating method. And a variable hydrophobic surface was obtained due to the slow release of microcapsules and the rough surface. The hydrophobic property and corrosion resistance of the composite was investigated by means of water contact angle instrument and electrochemical technique, respectively. The results suggest that the contact angle (CA) of composite increases gradually with the increasing storing time, and the stable super-hydrophobic property was exhibited after storing in air for 15 days. Meanwhile, the excellent corrosion resistance was displayed, which could be ascribed to the good stability of hydrophobic film on composite surface.     

Contribution of power on cell adhesion using atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system

This study examined the effect of the treatment power on the enhanced cell attachment and proliferation on poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) films treated with atmospheric plasma using a dielectric barrier discharge method (AP-DBD). The peak intensities of the –CH, CO, –OH and –COO vibration modes, and binding energies of carbon and oxygen of the AP-DBD treated-PCL film increased with increasing plasma treatment power. The surfaces of the AP-DBD treated-PCL films were also examined for their in vitro cell adhesion properties using human prostate epithelial cells. The results showed that the level of cell attachment and proliferation on the AP-DBD treated-PCL film was ten times better than that observed on the untreated-PCL films.     

Similarities of dielectric surface flashover under atmospheric conditions for pulsed unipolar and RF excitation

Mechanisms in vacuum surface flashover caused by rf (f < 10 GHz) or unipolar voltages are virtually identical. Similarities between rf (representing high-power microwave window breakdown on the high-pressure side) and unipolar surface flashover are expected in an atmospheric environment as well. Two separate experimental setups were utilized to investigate both unipolar flashover and rf window flashover under atmospheric conditions while controlling excitation, temperature, pressure, humidity, and type of gas present, all under a similar electric field-surface geometry. The local electric field at the flashover initiating points has been numerically calculated in detail for all test geometries. For both rf and unipolar pulsed excitation, the flashover dynamics are changed by the application of UV light to the dielectric surface. A UV prepulse has a distinct impact on the arc’s path and a tendency to decrease the hold-off electric field. The effect of humidity on the hold-off electric field for both pulsed unipolar and rf excitations, along with temporally resolved emission spectroscopy of the flashover event, is discussed. This work was funded by the Cathode and HPM Breakdown MURI program and managed by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and by Sandia National Laboratories.     

Preparation of hydrophobic coating on glass surface by dielectric barrier discharge using a 16 kHz power supply

A 16 kHz power supply was used to investigate the preparation of hydrophobic film on glass surface by means of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Air nonthermal plasma was induced between the two parallel electrodes with a glass plate as dielectric barrier. The process for hydrophobic film includes two parts: one is plasma pretreatment to produce active layer on glass surface, another is to form hydrophobic film on glass surface by means of the interaction between air plasma and polydimethylsiloxane oil. The surface changes were observed using contact angle measurement and atomic force microscope. The results show DBD can increase surface roughness, and effectively improve glass surface activation and form a hydrophobic coating on glass surface, and it is possibility to prepare hydrophobic glass with middle frequency power supply.     

Effect of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge air plasma on electrode surface

In order to study the influence of plasma on electrode, atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) air plasma is employed here to treat copper electrode surface. Plasma is generated between the parallel plate electrodes by means of high voltage produced by a high-frequency power supply with transformer. Electrode surface alterations induced by air plasma are investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and contact angle measurement. The results show that DBD air plasma removes the organic contaminant on surface and causes electrode surface roughness, oxidization and nitridation. In addition, surface wettability is also improved, as concluded from contact angle measurements.     

极不均匀电场下重复频率纳秒脉冲气体击穿实验研究

实验研究了尖-板电极中,不同重复频率（10,100,500,1 000 Hz）、不同间隙(0.5,1 cm),不同气压（0.1～0.4 MPa）等条件下空气的绝缘特性。得到了击穿时延、重复频率耐受时间、施加脉冲个数等与施加电压、重复频率的关系。研究发现：在该实验条件下击穿时延随着场强与气压的比值减小而增加,但重频耐受时间和脉冲击穿个数并没有明显变化;随着重复频率的提高,击穿时延和重频耐受时间会减小,但脉冲击穿个数可能会增加;且重复频率条件下击穿的极性效应不明显;重复施加的脉冲产生大量的亚稳态粒子和残余电荷影响放电的发展过程;负离子的脱负或正离子碰撞阴极的过程,及亚稳态粒子的去激励作用给击穿提供了有效初始电子。     

极不均匀电场下重复频率纳秒脉冲气体击穿实验研究

 实验研究了尖-板电极中,不同重复频率（10,100,500,1 000 Hz）、不同间隙(0.5,1 cm),不同气压（0.1～0.4 MPa）等条件下空气的绝缘特性。得到了击穿时延、重复频率耐受时间、施加脉冲个数等与施加电压、重复频率的关系。研究发现：在该实验条件下击穿时延随着场强与气压的比值减小而增加,但重频耐受时间和脉冲击穿个数并没有明显变化;随着重复频率的提高,击穿时延和重频耐受时间会减小,但脉冲击穿个数可能会增加;且重复频率条件下击穿的极性效应不明显;重复施加的脉冲产生大量的亚稳态粒子和残余电荷影响放电的发展过程;负离子的脱负或正离子碰撞阴极的过程,及亚稳态粒子的去激励作用给击穿提供了有效初始电子。     

大气压管板结构纳秒脉冲放电中时域X射线研究

纳秒脉冲放电能在大气压下产生高电子能量、高功率密度的低温等离子体,由于经典放电理论无法很好地解释纳秒脉冲放电中的现象,近年来以高能逃逸电子为基础的纳秒脉冲气体放电理论受到广泛关注.纳秒脉冲放电会产生高能逃逸电子,伴随产生X射线,研究X射线的特性可以间接反映高能逃逸电子的特性.本文利用纳秒脉冲电源在大气压下激励空气放电,通过金刚石光导探测器测量放电产生的X射线,研究不同电极间隙、阳极厚度下和空间不同位置测量的X射线特性.实验结果表明,在大气压下纳秒脉冲放电能产生上升沿约1 ns,脉宽约2 ns的X射线脉冲,其产生时间与纳秒脉冲电压峰值对应,经计算探测到的X射线能量约为2.3×10-3J.当增大电极间隙时,探测到的X射线能量减弱,因为增大电极间隙会减小电场强度和逃逸电子数,从而减少阳极的轫致辐射.电极间距大于50 mm后加速减弱,同时放电模式从弥散过渡到电晕.随着阳极厚度增加,阳极后方和放电腔侧面观察窗测得的X射线能量均有所减弱,在阳极后面探测的X射线能量减弱趋势更加明显,这说明X射线主要产生在阳极内表面,因此增加阳极厚度会使穿透阳极薄膜的X射线能量减少.     

Precisely balanced ionizer using atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air

Ion balance of an ionizer previously developed has been improved, using an atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air as a bipolar ion source. Although the glow ionizer itself has had good performance in ion balance, further we have investigated the possibility of precise control of the ion balance by controlling the discharge itself or the ion flow from the discharge to the object to be neutralized. To control the discharge, we have adjusted the voltage waveform to produce the glow discharge: a dc bias voltage superimposed on a sinusoidal waveform or widths of positive and negative rectangular pulses. Also an adjustable potential of a grid electrode additionally arranged has been employed to control the ion flow. By controlling any of them, we have succeeded in precisely controlling the ion balance of the glow ionizer.     

Characteristics of a glow discharge in atmospheric pressure air over the water surface

The current-voltage characteristics, the amount of cathode fall, and the spectra of plasma radiation from different spatial domains are presented versus the molecular band intensity of products arising in an atmospheric-pressure air glow discharge over the distilled water surface. The plasma electron temperature is also reported. The distance to a liquid cathode or anode is varied from 1 to 10 mm at a discharge mean current of 10–36 mA.