On the quantum link for transport of logic states

A novel approach for representing logic states in the quantum nodes and transferring the states from one node to another is proposed. Both transmit and receive nodes consist of a rubidium atom (⁸⁷Rb) placed at the center of a two-mode cavity. Representation of logic states by two subspaces of the space of ⁸⁷Rb atom hyperfine states eliminates the need for the transmitting node to change logic state during logic transfer through Raman process. The atom is excited by simultaneous application of two laser beams - one for each subspace. Based on the logic state, the atom emits a photon of appropriate frequency and polarization through Raman process within the corresponding subspace. The emitted photon leaks out of the cavity, reaches the receiving node, and initiates logic dependent transitions there. A simulation platform is developed through the system Hamiltonians for transmit and receive nodes followed by the formulation of the time evolution of the density matrices for the nodes. The efficacy of the simulation approach is emphasized.     

On the phase-space analysis of photon mediated quantum state transfer in nanophotonic waveguidance

A cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) based approach for transferring quantum state between quantum nodes has been proposed, wherein a rubidium (⁸⁷Rb) atom trapped inside a two-mode optical cavity forms the quantum node and photons serve as the information carrier between two such nodes. Information is encoded into polarized photon states generated through the application of a system of lasers. The focus is made on the phase-space analysis of the approach, wherein two subspaces of the hyperfine energy levels with magnetic sub-levels of rubidium (⁸⁷Rb) atom represent the logic states ‘0’ and ‘1’. The system of lasers initiates a cavity assisted Raman process which, in turn, generates a right- or left-circularly polarized photon depending on the logic state of the transmit node. Once the photon is received (at the receive node), the logic state of the transmit node is restored into the receive node through a cavity QED process.     

Faithful Multihop Two-Qubit Transmission Through GHZ-GHZ Channel

Quantum teleportation is an important method for transmitting quantum states between two quantum communication nodes. In this paper, we propose a low-latency quantum communication scheme based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. To implement two-qubit transmission, the source and all intermediate nodes perform quantum measurements simultaneously and the measurement results are transmitted to the destination node through classical channel independently. The destination node performs appropriate unitary operation on its particles to recover the original two-qubit state based on received measurement results. Our scheme effectively reduces the end-to-end quantum communication delay.

     

Scheme to Implement Optimal Symmetric 1→2 Universal Quantum Telecloning Through Cavity-Assisted Interaction

We propose a scheme to implement the optimal symmetric 1→2 universal quantum telecloning through cavity-assisted interaction. In our scheme, an arbitrary single atomic state can be telecloned to two single atomic states. And three atoms are trapped in three spatially separated cavities respectively. With a particular multiparticle entangled state acting as a quantum information channel and the trapped single atom acting as a quantum network node for its long-lived internal state, quantum information can be telecloned among nodes and can stored in the nodes.     

A time-series approach to measuring node similarity in networks and its application to community detection

A central concept in network analysis is that of similarity between nodes. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic time-series approach to quantifying the similarity between nodes in networks. The problem of measuring node similarity is exquisitely embedded into the framework of time series for state evolution of nodes. We develop a deterministic parameter-free diffusion model to drive the dynamic evolution of node states, and produce a unique time series for each source node. Then we introduce a measure quantifying how far all the other nodes are located from each source one. Following this measure, a quantity called dissimilarity index is proposed to signify the extent of similarity between nodes. Thereof, our dissimilarity index gives a deep and natural integration between the local and global perspectives of topological structure of networks. Furthermore, we apply our dissimilarity index to unveil community structure in networks, which verifies the proposed dissimilarity index.     

Symmetry induced compression of discrete phase space

A compressed representation is described of the state space of discrete systems with some kind of symmetry of its states. An initial state space is represented as a network of states. Two states are linked if some single process leads from one state to another. The network can be compressed by a grouping of states into classes. States in the same class are represented by nodes of equal degree. Further, subclasses are defined: states belong to the same subclass if their neighbouring states belong to the same subclasses. The goal is that the equilibrium probability distribution of states in the initial network can be found from the probability of subclasses in the compressed network. The approach is applied to three exemplary systems: two pieces of a triangular lattice (25 and 36 nodes) with Ising spins at the lattice nodes, and a roundabout with three access roads and three exit roads. The compression is from 3630 ground states to 12 subclasses, from 263 640 ground states to 409 subclasses, and from 729 states to 55 subclasses, respectively.     

基于局部路由策略的复杂网络拥塞控制

提出一种复杂网络上的局部路由策略,算法采用节点收缩法评估节点的重要度,发送节点根据邻居节点的重要度及网络的状态自适应地调整向邻居节点转发数据包的概率.在网络处于自由流通状态时充分发挥关键节点的优势,保证数据包快速到达目的地;在网络处于即将拥塞时分散业务,根据节点重要度准确识别网络中的关键节点,通过有效分流予以保护.仿真结果表明:在网络处于自由流通状态时,该局部路由策略能充分发挥网络中关键节点的枢纽作用,保持较低的传输时延;在网络部分关键节点出现拥塞时,该局部路由策略能有效避开拥挤严重的节点,将数据包均匀地分布在各个节点上,有效抑制网络拥塞,提高网络的容量.     

Partially entangled states bridge in quantum teleportation

The traditional method for information transfer in a quantum communication system using partially entangled state resource is quantum distillation or direct teleportation. In order to reduce the waiting time cost in hop-by-hop transmission and execute independently in each node, we propose a quantum bridging method with partially entangled states to teleport quantum states from source node to destination node. We also prove that the designed specific quantum bridging circuit is feasible for partially entangled states teleportation across multiple intermediate nodes. Compared to two traditional ways, our partially entanglement quantum bridging method uses simpler logic gates, has better security, and can be used in less quantum resource situation.     

Douglas Henderson: a life in statistical mechanics

In a previous study (Wang, L. S., Nicholas, J. B., Dupuis, M., Wu, H., and Colson, S. D., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 4450) of small silicon oxide clusters with stochiometry Si3Oy(y = 1-6), it was found that the molecule Si3O2 and its anion required special theoretical attention. This is due to a particular electronic structure feature of the neutral cluster: the s,p hybrid atomic orbitals of the two bonded silicon atoms give rise to a low lying empty π molecular orbital. As a result the ground state of Si3O2 has a triplet spin, and a state of singlet spin is a low lying excited electronic state at about 0.5 eV above the triplet state. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations show that photoelectron detachment proceeds from the 2B1 state of the anion to the 3B1 ground state of the neutral cluster. Detachment via the 1A1 state of the neutral cluster lies in the shoulder of the detachment via the triplet state.     

Quantum States as Objective Informational Bridges

A quantum state represents neither properties of a physical system nor anyone’s knowledge of its properties. The important question is not what quantum states represent but how they are used—as informational bridges. Knowing about some physical situations (its backing conditions), an agent may assign a quantum state to form expectations about other possible physical situations (its advice conditions). Quantum states are objective: only expectations based on correct state assignments are generally reliable. If a quantum state represents anything, it is the objective probabilistic relations between its backing conditions and its advice conditions. This paper offers an account of quantum states and their function as informational bridges, in quantum teleportation and elsewhere.     

The role of surface terminations on the band structure and optical properties of silicon nanonets

The ab initio calculations are carried out to investigate the effect of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen terminations on the properties of the band edge and the values of the band-gap, as well as the oscillator strength of the silicon nanonets (SiNNs). The oxygen functional groups are found to effectively preserve the direct band-gap nature of the SiNNs, and even change the luminescence properties of the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) to the direct band-gap transition. The appreciable oscillator strength of the first direct transition is obtained for the oxygen terminated nanostructure. The study on the electronic states indicates that the variation of the band edge caused by the surface terminations is attributed to the change of the state compositions. These surface modifications are thought to be useful for silicon band-gap engineering in the area of optoelectronics.     

压缩相干态腔场的类自旋GHZ态的制备

压缩相干态是准粒子空间的相干态,研究大振幅情况下的单模压缩相干态腔场,其特性类似于大振幅下的单模相干态腔场,与自旋1/2的两态粒子同构.文中提出一种方案,利用大失谐的JaynesCummings模型来制备处于压缩相干态的三个腔场的类自旋GreenbergerHorneZeilinger(GHZ)态. 关键词： 压缩相干态 类自旋GHZ态 大失谐JaynesCumminys模型 同构     

Error self-correction in the tri-node indirect teleportation of a qutrit state with two partially entangled qutrit states

Teleportation of a qutrit state with two different non-maximally entangled qutrit states as quantum channels linking three nodes of an intending quantum network is studied via an ancilla method. With this method a global accumulation approach (GAA) different from the usual node progression approach (NPA) is proposed. Comparisons between two approaches from the four aspects of quantum resource consumption, operation complexity, success probability and efficiency indicate that the GAA is much better than the NPA overall. The average fidelities in both methods are calculated and compared, it is shown that the average fidelity in the GAA is higher than that in the NPA. The error self-correction in the GAA is confirmed and its efficiency relative to the channel-state coefficients is explicitly given.     

Electronic energy structure of vacancy and divacancy in SiO2

We investigated electronic energy structure of vacancy and divacancy in SiO₂, and found that oxygen vacancy and divacancy give rise to bound-states near the edge of the conduction band, whereas localized states related to the silicon vacancy occur in the valence band. Our results demonstrate that the doubly occupied oxygen vacancy state yields electrons to silicon in Si-SiO₂ junction and serves as a fixed oxide charge.     

Laser-manipulated the multiphoton transitions of a harmonically trapped particle

A single particle magneto-confined in a one-dimensional (1D) quantum wire experiences a harmonic potential, and imposing a sharply focused laser beam on an appropriate site shapes a $\delta$ potential. The theoretical investigation has demonstrated that for a sufficiently strong $\delta$ pulse the quantum motional stationary state of the particle is one of the eigenstates of the free harmonic oscillator, and it is determined by the site of the laser beam uniquely, namely a quantum state is admissible if and only if the laser site is one of its nodes. The numerical computation shows that all the nodes of the lower energy states with quantum numbers $n \le 20$, except the coordinate origin, are mutually different. So we can manipulate the multiphoton transitions between the quantum states by adjusting the position of the laser $\delta$ pulse and realize the transition from an unknown higher excitation state to a required lower energy state.     

Effect of a magnetic field on the starting stress and mobility of individual dislocations in silicon

The strong effect of a magnetic field on the starting stress and mobility of individual dislocations is discovered in silicon grown by the Czochralski method with a high concentration of dissolved oxygen. It is shown that exposure of dislocations preliminarily introduced into the sample to a magnetic field considerably reduces the starting stresses for the motion of these dislocations. The effect is not observed in samples with a low oxygen concentration. It is assumed that the magnetic field induces singlet-triplet transitions in thermally excited states of silicon-oxygen complexes in the dislocation core, thus stimulating a change in the state (atomic configuration) of oxygen already located at dislocations. As a result, the mean binding energy of oxygen with a dislocation decreases.     

An insulated-gate bipolar transistor model based on the finite-volume charge method

A finite-volume charge method has been proposed to simulate PIN diodes and insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices using SPICE simulators by extending the lumped-charge method. The new method assumes local quasi-neutrality in the undepleted N^- base region and uses the total collector current, the nodal hole density and voltage as the basic quantities. In SPICE implementation, it makes clear and accurate definitions of three kinds of nodes — the carrier density nodes, the voltage nodes and the current generator nodes — in the undepleted N^- base region. It uses central finite difference to approximate electron and hole current generators and sets up the current continuity equation in a control volume for every carrier density node in the undepleted N^- base region. It is easy to increase the number of nodes to describe the fast spatially varying carrier density in transient processes. We use this method to simulate IGBT devices in SPICE simulators and get a good agreement with technology computer-aided design simulations.     

Investigation of the generation of singlet oxygen in ensembles of photoexcited silicon nanocrystals by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

The generation of singlet oxygen is investigated and its concentration upon photoexcitation of silicon nanocrystals in porous silicon layers is determined using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relaxation times of spin centers, i.e., silicon dangling bonds, in vacuum and in an oxygen atmosphere in the dark and under illumination of the samples are measured for the first time. It is revealed that the spin-lattice relaxation in porous silicon is retarded as compared to that in a single-crystal substrate. From analyzing experimental data, a microscopic model is proposed for interaction of oxygen molecules in the triplet state and spin centers at the surface of silicon nanocrystals. The results obtained have demonstrated that porous silicon holds promise for the use as a photosensitizer of molecular oxygen in biomedical applications.     

Near IR absorption in films of silicon containing oxygen

A novel reflectance effect has been used to extract new information about oxygen impurity states in silane-vapor-deposited silicon films. A comparison to IR measurements in crystalline silicon yields a substantial wavelength shift of the characteristic 9-μm oxygen transition and may suggest increased film impurity absorption in comparison to the bulk. By combining these experiments with measurements of film oxygen impurity concentration using X-ray emission spectroscopy, values for the oscillator strengths of the prominent oxygen lines in the near IR can be obtained. Interpretation of these data is given.     

多孔硅量子点中的电子局域态

经过激光辐照和高温退火加工能够生成多孔硅样品,在650—780 nm处检测到很强的光致荧光（PL）峰,并且有明显的钉扎和增强效应.实验表明,这种PL发光的强度与样品受辐照和退火的时间短密切相关.通过第一性原理模拟计算发现,样品表面用SiO 双键和Si—O—Si桥键钝化,能隙中会出现电子局域态.激光辐照和高温退火的时间长短决定了样品表面SiO双键和Si—O—Si桥键的密度,而该密度正是影响多孔硅量子点中电子局域态生成的关键. 关键词： 多孔硅量子点 硅氧钝化键 电子局域态