GPS快速定位中相位模糊度动态解算的一种正则化方法

针对GPS快速定位中少数历元组成的法方程存在严重病态性的问题,研究了GPS单频整周模糊度快速解算的新方法:即首先采用改进SVD分解获得系数矩阵的精确奇异值,避免了较小奇异值抖动的影响;然后基于改进SVD分解结合法矩阵病态性特点,设计了一种改进Tikhonov正则化方法,合理构造了正则化矩阵,有效抑制法矩阵的病态性。算例表明:与LS估计-LAMBDA方法和Tikhonov正则化-LAMBDA方法相比,新方法能够有效降低法矩阵的条件数约3个数量级,仅解算4个历元数据,浮点解偏离真值的方差从41.89减小到1.04,可以快速获得准确、稳定的模糊度浮点解。模糊度固定性能结果进一步表明,新方法显著地提高模糊度搜索效率和成功率,解算成功率提高100%。     

GPS网络RTK星形多基线模糊度解算方法

为了克服三角形结构网络RTK模糊度解算存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于星形的多基线模糊度解算方法.采用消电离层伪距组合和双频相位组合法快速固定宽巷模糊度,消除了基线长度变化对宽巷模糊度固定的影响,且不需要高精度的P码;在此基础上,利用星形解算单元建立多基线解算模型,求出星形单元中最短基线L1模糊度固定解,同时,利用卡尔曼滤波...     

GNSS网络实时动态模糊度解算病态性解决策略

针对GNSS网络实时动态(RTK)参考站间模糊度解算病态性问题,分析了病态性对模糊度浮点解影响,并基于无电离层组合解算模糊度基本模型,提出了改善模型病态性的两种策略。1参数选取策略:针对高仰角卫星,采用相对天顶对流层参数代替常规双天顶对流层参数设置,减少待估参数以改善病态性;2参数相关性优化策略:将GNSS卫星模糊度解算分为较易固定和较难固定两类,首先获取较易固定模糊度整数解,并反演天顶对流层延迟信息,再将该信息作为先验信息对较难固定模糊度解算模型进行约束,通过减小天顶对流层与模糊度相关性改善病态性。算例分析表明:两种策略在初始历元法方程病态性就明显优于常规模型,且只要通过少数十几个甚至几个历元就能够快速减弱法方程的病态性。该方法不需要考虑附加矩阵或参数的设置,易于实际工程应用。     

基于最优组合的长基线网络RTK三频载波模糊度快速解算

针对三频载波模糊度解算TCAR法因电离层、观测噪声等误差影响而导致长基线模糊度解算可靠性较低的问题,提出了一种改进的适用于长基线网络RTK的TCAR方法.该方法继承了传统TCAR法逐级固定整周模糊度的思想,充分根据模糊度解算中每一步骤不同特点及不同目的选择最优组合观测值.首先,利用组合限制条件确定超宽巷模糊度解算最优组合;然后,引入平滑思想提高电离层残差估计精度,同时结合求解窄巷模糊度的WL/NL最优组合快速获得窄巷模糊度;最后,通过线性无关宽巷与窄巷组合模糊度实现基础载波模糊度准确解算.算例分析表明,基于最优组合的改进TCAR法有效提高了模糊度解算的成功率,实现了长基线网络RTK三频载波模糊度的快速解算.     

一种用于重力梯度动态测量的载体环境引力梯度补偿方法

重力梯度仪动态测量时,重力梯度敏感器一直稳定在地理坐标系下,载体姿态变化使载体质量分布相对敏感器的位置发生变化,形成载体环境引力梯度变化。为提高重力梯度仪动态测量精度,提出一种基于Tikhonov正则化的载体环境引力梯度补偿方法。首先,推导了载体环境引力梯度的解析模型,建立了引力梯度变化的回归方程。然后,针对回归算子病态性问题,提出了Tikhonov正则化方法,通过半物理仿真确定最优正则化参数,使补偿量的误差控制在2%以内。最后,利用该参数处理船载试验实测数据,结果表明:所提出的方法对载体环境梯度变化补偿具有明显的效果,可将两路重力梯度测量信号内符合中误差分别降低19 E和21 E,补偿后重力梯度测量精度达到10 E的精度水平。     

隔震结构方程的一种压缩解法

基础隔振体系中,隔震器的刚度远小于上部结构的刚度,如果未知量数目比较大,则经常导致总刚度矩阵病态。本文利用上部结构本身的振型叠加压缩未知数,然后与隔震器构建混合方程,此时形成的方程为非对称方程。大量压缩未知量后,减轻了总刚度矩阵的病态。以四层隔震框架结构分析为例,结果表明,压缩解法和正常解法的静力结果十分吻合,但用Newmark逐步积分计算时,正常直接解法累积误差引起发散,而压缩解法计算不发散。     

基于速度辅助的车载卫星定向模糊度动态确定方法

针对车载双天线卫星定向系统的载波相位模糊度动态确定,探讨了速度辅助对模糊度搜索空间的约束性能,首次提出主天线速度矢量方向与车体纵轴之间偏离角的定量表达式,从而实现了准确设置卫星定向模糊度解算中的航向搜索范围。对实际车载数据的分析验证了该方法的有效性,不但适用于车载纯卫星定向系统,而且适用于多天线卫星定向（定姿）/IMU组合车载航姿确定系统,可显著提高卫星定向动态模糊度搜索速度及成功率,尤其增强车辆机动时的模糊度初始化性能。     

一种改进的LLL模糊度规约算法

整周模糊度的高效解算是GNSS高精度数据处理中的关键,基于格论进行GNSS模糊度估计时需要通过格基规约来实现最优整周模糊度向量的快速搜索。针对高维情况下常规LLL规约算法辅助整周模糊度解算存在规约耗时较长和规约性能有限的问题,引入最小列旋转QR分解技术对基向量进行预排序,采用延后尺度规约和部分尺度规约来减少规约过程中的冗余尺度规约,以改善LLL算法的执行效果。分别通过模拟和实测数据进行实验,结果表明:改进后的LLL算法可以明显降低格基规约耗时,实测环境下其规约效率相比于传统方法提高了约10倍,且能够保证较好的规约性能,从而有效提升高维模糊度的解算效率。     

非完整系统正则形式的ЧАПЛЫТИН方程的一种降阶方法

文中根据能量积分进一步研究了非完整系统正则形式的ЧАПЛЫГИН方程的降阶问题,得到了处理这类系统的一般积分方法.给出的两个例子表明,该方法比文[3,4]更具优越性.     

基于伪距宽巷组合的GPS模糊度固定方法

中长基线模糊度快速解算是GPS网络差分技术的核心内容。根据网络差分模糊度固定只用于基线解算而不用于定位的特点,通过对常用GPS原始观测数据组合方式的分析,提出伪距宽相组合的数据处理方法,有效消除了电离层、对流层传播误差,形成抗差性强、大气误差自由的GPS组合观测值;在此基础上引入双差伪距宽相组合进行模糊度浮点解并建立法方程,应用高度角与大气误差的关系构造权阵,对常规LAMBDA算法进行了改进,形成一种适合GPS网络差分的中长基线模糊度解算方法。对三个参考站同步观测数据的实际测试结果表明：使用该方法网络模糊度解算时间小于300s,基线长超过60km,并满足闭合性原则。     

A nonlinear regularization method for the calculation of relaxation spectra

It is well known that the relaxation spectrum characterizing the linear viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt or solution is not directly accessible by an experiment. Therefore, it must be calculated from data for a material function. With Tikhonov regularization the relaxation spectrum in the terminal and plateau region can be calculated from data for a material function in the corresponding region. Serious difficulties arise however, if the spectrum should be determined in a larger range. These difficulties are caused by the considerably different contributions at short and long relaxation times. We show that these difficulties can be avoided by a nonlinear regularization method.     

A mixed Newton-Tikhonov method for nonlinear ill-posed problems

Newton type methods are one kind of the efficient methods to solve nonlinear ill-posed problems, which have attracted extensive attention. However, computational cost of Newton type methods is high because practical problems are complicated. We propose a mixed Newton-Tikhonov method, i.e., one step Newton-Tikhonov method with several other steps of simplified Newton-Tikhonov method. Convergence and stability of this method are proved under some conditions. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method has obvious advantages over the classical Newton method in terms of computational costs.     

A general method for obtaining shear stress and normal stress functions from parallel disk rheometry data

The problems of converting the torque and normal force versus rim shear rate data generated by parallel disk rheometers into shear stress and normal stress difference as functions of shear rate are formulated as two independent integral equations of the first kind. Tikhonov regularization is used to obtain approximate solutions of these equations. This way of handling parallel disk rheometer data has the advantage that it is independent of the rheological constitutive equation and noise amplification is kept under control by the user-specified parameter in Tikhonov regularization. If the fluid under test exhibits a yield stress, Tikhonov regularization computation will simultaneously give an estimate of the yield stress. The performance of this method is demonstrated by applying it to a number of data sets taken from the published literature and to laboratory measurements conducted specifically for this investigation.     

Optimal error bound in a Sobolev space of regularized approximation solutions for a sideways parabolic equation

The inverse heat conduction problem （IHCP） is a severely ill-posed problem in the sense that the solution （ if it exists） does not depend continuously on the data. But now the results on inverse heat conduction problem are mainly devoted to the standard inverse heat conduction problem. Some optimal error bounds in a Sobolev space of regularized approximation solutions for a sideways parabolic equation, i. e. , a non-standard inverse heat conduction problem with convection term which appears in some applied subject are given.     

A smoothed inverse eigenstrain method for reconstruction of the regularized residual fields

A smoothed inverse eigenstrain method is developed for reconstruction of residual field from limited strain measurements. A framework for appropriate choice of shape functions based on the prior knowledge of expected residual distribution is presented which results in stabilized numerical behavior. The analytical method is successfully applied to three case studies where residual stresses are introduced by inelastic beam bending, laser-forming and shot peening. The well-rehearsed advantage of the proposed eigenstrain-based formulation is that it not only minimizes the deviation of measurements from its approximations but also will result in an inverse solution satisfying a full range of continuum mechanics requirements. The smoothed inverse eigenstrain approach allows suppressing fluctuations that are contrary to the physics of the problem. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion is performed on regularity of the asymptotic solution in the Tikhonov scheme and the regularization parameter is then exactly determined utilizing Morozov discrepancy principle. Gradient iterative regularization method is also examined and shown to have an excellent convergence to the Tikhonov–Morozov regularization results.     

Fundamental solution method for inverse source problem of plate equation

The elastic plate vibration model is studied under the external force. The size of the source term by the given mode of the source and some observations from the body of the plate is determined over a time interval, which is referred to be an inverse source problem of a plate equation. The uniqueness theorem for this problem is stated, and the fundamental solution to the plate equation is derived. In the case that the plate is driven by the harmonic load, the fundamental solution method (FSM) and the Tikhonov regularization technique are used to calculate the source term. Numerical experiments of the Euler-Bernoulli beam and the Kirchhoff-Love plate show that the FSM can work well for practical use, no matter the source term is smooth or piecewise.     

材料物性参数识别的梯度正则化方法

本文对梯度正则化方法（Ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔ－Ｒｅｇｕｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ）作了进一步的研究,给出一种建立了梯度正则化迭代算法和选择正参数的简明实用方法。文中椭圆算子方程参数识别算例不仅说明了ＧＲ法具有广泛的适应性和一定的抗噪声能力,而且收敛速度较快,具有较大的收敛范围。     

A new auxiliary equation method for finding travelling wave solutions to KdV equation

In this paper, a new auxiliary equation method is used to find exact travelling wave solutions to the （1＋1）-dimensional KdV equation. Some exact travelling wave solu- tions with parameters have been obtained, which cover the existing solutions. Compared to other methods, the presented method is more direct, more concise, more effective, and easier for calculations. In addition, it can be used to solve other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.