超高效液相色谱－四极杆－飞行时间质谱技术非靶向定性筛查猪肉中79种药物残留

利用超高效液相色谱－四极杆－飞行时间质谱（UPLC－Q－TOF MS）建立了猪肉中79种药物残留的非靶向定性筛查方法。猪肉样本采用0.5%（体积分数）甲酸－乙腈溶液先提取,甲醇后提取的组合提取方式,离心后上清液通过FAVEX－NM50兽药残留快速柱净化。以Acquity UPLC BEH HSS－C18色谱柱（2.1 mm × 150 mm,1.7 μm）进行分离,UPLC－Q－TOF MS电喷雾正离子模式电离,全信息串联质谱（MSE）模式检测。79种物质在相应范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）均不小于0.99,方法的检出限和定量下限分别为0.05 ~ 10 μg/kg和0.10 ~ 20 μg/kg。基于实验室自建质谱数据库,对模拟阳性样本以及市售猪肉样本进行筛查,同时使用高灵敏度Xevo TQ－S串联四极杆质谱多反应监测模式（MRM）对市售猪肉样本进行验证。结果表明,所建立的方法高效、快速、通量高,适用于猪肉中药物残留的筛查和鉴定。     

超高效液相色谱-静电轨道阱质谱同时筛查定量饲料中的31种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-静电轨道阱质谱法检测饲料中31种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测方法和目标化合物的质谱数据库。饲料样品经100 mol/L HCl-甲醇(1∶3)提取,高速离心,经稀释后进样分析。采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)作为固定相,0.1%甲酸和0.1%甲酸乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱采用正离子扫描,以1对母离子和子离子的精确质量数进行定性,以母离子的峰面积进行定量分析。31种氨基甲酸酯类化合物在最优化条件下分离良好,在定量范围内线性良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.98,回收率达50.6%~109%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于8.9%。该方法具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确等特点,适用于饲料中氨基甲酸酯类化合物的同时定性筛查和定量分析。     

降压类中成药及保健食品中21种非法添加化学药物的快速检测与确证方法研究

采用亚3μm色谱柱建立了降压类中成药及保健食品中21种非法添加化学药物的高效液相色谱快速检测及液相色谱-质谱联用确证方法。样品经甲醇-乙腈(体积比5∶5)超声提取,采用Agilent Poroshell 120Phenyl-Hexyl(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-乙腈(体积比2∶1)-甲酸水溶液(p H 2.5±0.1)为流动相,梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量,液质联用法进一步定性确证。结果表明,21种成分在17 min内完成分离,方法检出限为0.03~0.50 mg/g,定量下限为0.09~1.50 mg/g,平均回收率为82.0%~109.0%。采用上述方法对107批从互联网收集的样品进行检测,阳性检出率为42.1%。该方法快速、准确,适用于降压类中成药及保健食品中非法添加药物的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定水产品中19种喹诺酮类药物残留

应用PRiME HLB净化技术,采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS),建立了水产品中19种喹诺酮类药物残留的检测方法。对样品的净化、浓缩、液相色谱分离及串联质谱等相关检测参数进行了优化。样品经80%乙腈水溶液提取,PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,在ACQUITY BEH C_(18)色谱柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)上以甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,液相色谱-串联质谱MRM方式进行定量分析。结果表明:各组分在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为72.1%~119.9%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~15.6%,检出限均为0.5μg/kg,定量下限均为1.5μg/kg。该方法用于水产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的检测,具有准确、快速、简便、灵敏度高等优点,为水产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的测定提供了新途径。     

同位素内标-HPLC-MS法同时测定4种β-受体激动剂在猪肝中的残留

建立高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱同时测定猪肝中4种β-受体激动剂残留的方法。试样中β-受体激动剂经酶解后超声提取,低温离心后,上清液用MCX固相萃取柱净化,以甲醇?0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,C_(18)色谱柱分离,梯度洗脱,ESI+离子化,多反应监测模式检测。方法的平均回收率为78.1%~102.1%,相对标准偏差5.3%,方法的定量限0.3μg/kg。方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重现性好,定性、定量准确,适用于猪肉食品中β-受体激动剂残留的检测。     

四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱在青椒中农药多残留快速筛查的应用

建立了分散固相萃取法(d-SPE)萃取,高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查青椒中农药多残留的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18分散固相萃取净化,以BEH C18色谱柱为分析柱,0.1%甲酸乙腈及含0.1%甲酸和4 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离。采用正、负离子切换,同时对欧盟青椒定性和定量考核样品进行快速筛查,并对定量考核样品筛查到的16种农药进行定量测定。16种农药在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)大于0.995,该方法的定量下限为0.4~2.0μg/kg。在不同加标水平下的平均回收率为81.6%~116.5%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~7.5%。以欧盟青椒定量考核样品为研究对象,对其分别进行四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱和三重四极杆质谱测定,结果表明,四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱定量结果可与三重四极杆质谱结果相媲美。本方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于农产品中农药多残留的快速筛查和分析测定,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间质谱快速筛查饲料中36种违禁药物

建立了饲料中β-受体激动剂、激素共36种违禁药物的液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间质谱(LC-Q-TOF/MS)的快速筛查方法。均质饲料样品中加入乙腈和混合吸附剂,经涡旋分散、振荡提取、离心和浓缩步骤,实现了36种药物的同时提取和净化(改良的QuEChERS方法)。提取液以甲醇-0.1%甲酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm)分离,采用正离子模式检测分析。在100～1 000 Da质量范围内进行一级和二级质谱全扫描。以分子离子峰的精确质量数提取的色谱图峰面积定量,以二级质谱特征子离子和保留时间定性。36种药物的质量数误差绝对值小于7.3 ppm,在10.0～200.0μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99。3个浓度水平的平均回收率为65%～120%,相对标准偏差不高于24%。该方法操作简便、结果准确,适用于饲料中违禁药物的高通量快速筛查分析。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法同时检测豆芽中的3种外源植物激素残留

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱同时测定豆芽中6-苄基腺嘌呤、4-氯苯氧乙酸、赤霉素等3种外源植物激素残留的方法。采用QuEChERS前处理技术,豆芽样品以酸化乙醇-乙腈溶液（1%（v/v,下同）乙酸+50%乙醇+49%乙腈）提取目标化合物,并经乙腈再提取后合并提取液;经硅藻土分散固相净化、正己烷去脂后氮吹至近干;用2.0 mL 50%（v/v）甲醇水溶液定容,过滤膜后上机检测。液相色谱以甲醇-水（含0.1%（v/v）的甲酸）作为流动相梯度洗脱,C₁₈色谱柱分离;质谱采用高分辨质谱、负离子模式,以精确质量数和二级特征离子定性,以准分子离子峰面积定量。结果表明3种目标化合物的定量限为5.0~10.0 μg/kg,线性范围为1~200 μg/L;平均添加回收率为79.1%~96.1%,相对标准偏差为5.7%~10.4%。本方法具有操作简单、快捷、灵敏度高等优点,适用于市场上豆芽质量的快速筛查检测。     

分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定畜禽肉中63种兽药残留

建立了分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(dispersive-SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定畜禽肉中 β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、磺胺类增效剂和抗寄生虫类共5类63种兽药残留的新方法。样品经0.1 mol/L Na₂EDTA溶液及含1% (体积分数)乙酸的乙腈溶液涡旋提取,提取液经C18分散固相萃取净化后,用Poroshell EC-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.4 μm)分离,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下以动态多反应监测(DMRM)方式采集数据并做定性筛查和定量分析。63种药物在相应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;不同畜禽肉(猪肉、牛肉及鸡肉)在3个不同添加水平下的平均回收率为62.2%~112.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%~16.3%,检出限(LOD, S/N≥3)和定量限(LOQ, S/N≥10)分别为0.1~3.0 μg/kg和0.5~10.0 μg/kg。该方法简便快速、灵敏可靠,适用于畜禽产品中兽药多残留的同时快速定性筛查和定量分析。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱用于葡萄酒中111种农药残留的定性筛查与定量分析

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和分析葡萄酒中多种农药残留的方法。葡萄酒样品经含0.1%醋酸的乙腈溶液提取,盐析后浓缩,甲醇水定容后,经N-丙基乙二胺粉(PSA)净化,以C18柱为分析色谱柱,乙腈和5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使用高分辨质谱Q-Exactive采集数据。检测数据表明,111种农药在1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.99。通过加标验证,该方法检出限可达到5μg/kg,回收率为63.3%~123.7%,RSD为3.2%~18.8%。经过实际样品验证,该方法简单、可靠、准确、快速,可用于葡萄酒中多种农药残留的高通量定性筛选和定量分析。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。