基于铂微粒和Nafion膜修饰玻碳电极的甲醛传感器

通过在Nafion膜修饰玻碳电极表面电沉积铂微粒制备了甲醛电化学传感器(Pt/Nafion/GCE)。利用循环伏安法研究了甲醛在该传感器上的电化学行为,优化了实验参数,在此基础上建立了用伏安法直接测定甲醛的新方法。在酸性溶液中,甲醛的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6~1.0×10-3mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),检出限为5.0×10-7mol/L。本文所提出的测定甲醛的方法具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性。     

甲醛的铂微粒修饰玻碳电极伏安法测定

采用电化学沉积法制备了铂微粒修饰玻碳电极(Pt/GCE).通过循环伏安法研究了甲醛在该电极上的电化学行为,并优化了实验参数,在此基础上建立了一种伏安法直接测定甲醛的方法.在酸性溶液中,甲醛的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),检出限为5.0 μmol/L,回收率为96%～104%,相对标准偏差为4.0%～4.5%.     

纳米铂微粒修饰电极上甲醛电催化氧化的电位振荡和电流振荡

通过阴极还原-阳极氧化法制备了钛基纳米铂微粒修饰电极, 扫描电镜观察发现, 分布于钛基体表面的氧化钛膜三维网状孔道中的纳米铂微粒具有高度分散状态. 采用多种电化学手段在该电极上不仅观察到甲醛在恒电流条件下产生的电位振荡, 而且在循环伏安和恒电位两种条件下均观察到强烈的电流振荡, 这进一步证明高度分散的纳米铂微粒使电极的催化活性大大提高, 促进了甲醛及其毒化中间产物的电催化氧化过程, 从而有利于电极上电化学振荡的产生. 研究结果还表明, 甲醛底物浓度、硫酸介质浓度、恒电位或恒电流大小等多种因素对振荡强度、范围或类型会产生规律性的影响.     

DNA-纳米金修饰玻碳电极用于水中甲醛的测定

利用纳米金的生物共容性和高电荷传递性能在玻碳电极表面构建纳米粒子生物活性界面,研究了DNA在其界面上对甲醛的电催化作用.通过电化学沉积方法制备了DNA-纳米金修饰的玻碳电极,并对该电极进行了形貌表征,发现平均直径为100 nm的多面体纳米金均匀分布在电极表面.利用微分脉冲伏安法和安培法对甲醛进行了检测,优化了实验参数.结果表明:该修饰电极实现了对甲醛的灵敏测定,线性范围为1×10-5 ～1×10-3 mol/L,检出限为1.0 μmol/L.该电极表现出较好的稳定性,对实际水样的测定回收率为95% ～103%.     

基于铂薄膜电极的电化学型甲醛传感器

制做了液相体系中以铂薄膜电极作为工作电极的甲醛电化学传感器。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对铂薄膜电极的物相和表面形貌进行表征。在外加电压为0.7 V,电解液H2SO4溶液浓度为0.1mol/L时,传感器的响应信号与甲醛浓度在0.561~18.71μmol/L之间呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=0.4085c+2.746(R2=0.9904),传感器对甲醛的响应时间(T 90)约为60 s。     

铂微粒修饰的聚苯胺薄膜电极对甲醛氧化的电催化作用

以电位扫描法把铂微粒沉积在聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）薄膜是上以制得铂微粒修饰的聚苯胺薄膜电极。该电极的催化活性以甲醛在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸溶液中的电化学氧化测定。它集催化活性和电活性于一体，对甲醛在酸性介质中的电化学氧化显示了非常高的电催化活性。较之裸铂电极，ＰＡｎ薄膜电极，其催化电流提高１０倍。铂微粒的大小，分布和载量，甲醛的浓度，基体金属的种类等因素对电极材料的催化活性均有影响。     

新型纳米铂修饰玻碳电极的制备及电催化性能研究

研究了一种新型纳米铂修饰玻碳电极的制备方法,并对其电化学催化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,通过电沉积前在金刚石粉末悬浊液中对玻碳电极进行超声处理,可制备出新型玻碳电极。经超声处理后,金刚石颗粒在玻碳电极基体上产生了数微米长的划痕。电沉积过程中,在该电极上可沉积分布较密集的平均尺寸为110nm的Pt颗粒。这种新型纳米铂修饰玻碳电极的表面电化学活性值为0.397 m2/g,高于普通铂修饰玻碳电极,且在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中具有良好的电化学稳定性。     

基于Nano-Pt/PdNWAs复合电极的甲醛传感器的研究

运用循环伏安法将Pt纳米粒子电沉积到Pd纳米线阵列上,制备出Pt纳米粒子/Pd纳米线阵列复合修饰金电极,从而构建了一种新型的甲醛电化学传感器。并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的形貌进行表征。利用循环伏安法和计时电流法对甲醛在此传感界面上的电化学行为进行了研究,结果表明,甲醛在该传感器上有较好的电化学响应。在0.02～1 mmol·L~(-1)范围内该甲醛的氧化峰电流与浓度有着良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为:I(mA)=0.0124c(mmol·L~(-1))+7.8486e~(-5),相关系数为0.999,检测限为0.0067 mmol·L~(-1)。     

纳米金修饰玻碳电极对甲醛的电催化氧化

利用电沉积方法制备了纳米金(nano-gold,NG)修饰玻碳电极(GCE)。在碱性介质中该电极对甲醛有较好的催化氧化作用,使甲醛在0.65 V左右出现一个氧化峰,依此测定甲醛的含量。通过实验确定了纳米金的沉积电位和沉积时间,以及纳米金对甲醛的催化氧化所需的底液。该法测定甲醛的线性范围为1~1 000μg/L,检出限为0.3 mg/L。加标回收率为98.5%~101.8%。     

Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Pt Nanoparticles/Mesoporous Carbon Matrix

A nonenzymatic amperometric sensor for sensitive and selective detection of glucose has been constructed by using highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles supported onto mesoporous carbons (MCs). The Pt nanoparticles/mesoporous carbons (Pt/MCs) composites modified electrode displayed high electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose. At an applied potential of 0.1 V, the Pt/MCs electrode has a linear dependence (R=0.996) in the glucose concentration up to 7.5 mM with a sensitivity of 8.52 mA M^?1 cm^?2. The Pt/MCs electrode has also shown highly resistant toward poisoning by chloride ions and without interference from the oxidation of common interfering species.     

铂纳米颗粒修饰直立碳纳米管电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

基于Pt纳米颗粒修饰直立的碳纳米管电极制备了葡萄糖生物传感器.铂纳米颗粒是利用电位脉冲沉积法修饰到直立碳纳米管上的,可以增强电极对酶反应过程当中产生的过氧化氢的催化行为.用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了直立碳纳米管在修饰Pt纳米颗粒前后的形态.该酶电极对葡萄糖的氧化表现出很好的响应,线性范围为1×10-5～7×10-3mol/L,响应时间小于5s,并且有很好的重现性.     

基于石墨烯掺杂金纳米粒子的灭除威分子印迹电化学传感器的制备与性能研究

以灭除威(XMC)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,合成的马来松香丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGMRA)为交联剂,在石墨烯掺杂金纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极表面合成分子印迹膜,研制了测定XMC的分子印迹电化学传感器。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对传感膜的形貌进行表征,通过循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)对传感器的性能进行研究。DPV测试表明,XMC的浓度在1.0×10-7~2.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.997 9,检出限(S/N=3)为1.5×10-8mol·L-1。选择性识别实验结果表明,XMC印迹敏感膜的印迹因子(β)达到2.94,相对于干扰物的选择因子(α)均大于1,对与XMC结构相似的速灭威的选择因子达到2.39,说明该印迹膜对XMC具有良好的选择性。识别过程动力学研究结果表明,石墨烯掺杂金纳米粒子分子印迹传感器的动力学结合速率常数k为73.05 s。将此传感器应用于蔬菜样品的加标回收检测,加标回收率为95.4%~108.0%。     

Electrochemical Sensor Based on Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube/Gold Nanoparticle Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Detection of Estradiol in Environmental Samples

We report a rapid and simple method for sensing estradiol by electro‐oxidation on a multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Compared with a bare GCE, AuNP/GCE and MWCNT/GCE, the composite modified GCE shows an enhanced response to estradiol in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution. Experimental parameters, including pH and accumulation time for estradiol determination were optimised at AuNP/MWCNT/GCE. A pH of 7.0 was found to be optimum pH with an accumulation time of 5 minutes. Estradiol was determined by linear sweep voltammetry over a dynamic range up to 20 %mol L^?1 and the limit of detection was estimated to be 7.0×10^?8 mol L^?1. The sensor was successfully applied to estradiol determination in tap water and waste water.     

呋喃妥因分子印迹电化学传感器的制备及应用

以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,呋喃妥因为模板分子,马来松香丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGMRA)为交联剂,在玻碳电极表面制备了呋喃妥因分子印迹膜。采用循环伏安(CV)法、差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法及交流阻抗(EIS)法对印迹膜进行表征。实验表明,DPV法测定的氧化峰电流与呋喃妥因浓度在8.0×10-8~5.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R=0.9939),检出限为6.5×10-8 mol/L。该传感器用于呋喃妥因肠溶片的测定,其回收率为96.6%~101.6%。     

Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Pt Doped NiO Nanoparticles/MWCNTs Nanocomposite Modified Electrode for Simultaneous Sensing of Piroxicam and Amlodipine

In this paper, a high‐sensitivity electrochemical sensor based on platinum (Pt) doped nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (Pt?NiO/MWCNTs/GCE) has been developed to determine piroxicam (PIR) and amlodipine (AML) simultaneously. The electrochemical behavior of PIR and AML at the proposed sensor has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. Pt doped NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol‐gel procedure and were investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. DPV responses of PIR and AML increased linearly with their concentration in wide linear dynamic ranges of 0.6–320.0 μM and 1.0–250.0 μM, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.061 μM for PIR and 0.092 μM for AML. The excellent analytical figure of merits of the proposed modified electrode leads to application of it promising electrochemical sensor to determine PIR and AML in human serum and urine with satisfactory results.     

Zn Nanoparticles Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode as a Promising Sensor for Insulin Determination

Screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified by a combination of chitosan, multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) were studied for the first time as a suitable candidate for non-enzymatic insulin determination. In an effort to find the most suitable modification for electrochemical insulin determination, the stability, analytical characteristics, and selectivity were determined. The results confirmed that the ZnNPs/chitosan-MWCNTs prepared with the Zn deposition time of 45 s displayed the best electrocatalytic activity towards insulin oxidation in a wide linear concentration range (0.5 μM to 5 μM), with low limit of detection and high sensitivity.     

Electrochemical Morphine Sensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles Metalphthalocyanine Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

Composites of gold nanoparticles (Au) electrochemically deposited and different metal phthalocyanines (Co, Ni, Cu, and Fe) were chemically prepared. The composites were used as modifiers for carbon paste electrodes and were used for the determination of morphine in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. Central metal atoms of phthalocyanine moiety affected the rate of electron transfer. Thus, the electroactivity of different modifiers were evaluated towards morphine oxidation. Au‐CoPcM‐CPE possessed the highest rate for charge transfer rate in all studied pH electrolytes. Limit of detection was 5.48×10^?9 mol L^?1 in the range of 4.0×10^?7 to 9.0×10^?4 mol L^?1.     

铁铂核壳纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极制备及对亚硝酸盐还原的电催化性能

通过循环伏安法（CV）在玻碳（GC）电极表面电沉积出分布较为均匀的纳米Fe粒子,制得纳米Fe粒子修饰的GC（纳米Fe/GC）电极,再经“电荷置换”制得具有Fe核Pt壳结构的纳米粒子修饰的（纳米PtFe/GC）电极。 SEM结果显示,纳米Fe/GC和纳米PtFe/GC表面粒子的形貌均呈立方体形,分布较为均匀,粒径在60 nm左右。 纳米PtFe/GC电极对亚硝酸盐的还原具有很高的电催化活性。 3种电极的电催化活性顺序依次为：纳米Fe/GC＜纳米Pt/GC＜纳米PtFe/GC。 相对于纳米Pt/GC电极,纳米PtFe/GC电极的起始还原电位（Ei）正移了0.14 V,还原峰电流（ip）增大了3倍。