物理学咬文嚼字之十心有千千结,都付画图中

图像可以帮助表述难以言传之意,所以它一直是物理学以及其他众多学科之重要表现工具.英文物理学文献中常遇到的与图像有关的词汇包括chart,map(mapping),histogram,scratch, sketch,image,plot,inset, painting,drawing,illustration,depict, delineation,profile,graphics,figure, picture,diagram(schematic diagram), graph, photograph, micrograph, cartoon,portrait,以及最近也可以作为稿件部分的film,flash,video,等等.研究者要善于选择最有效的图形表现工具,并要明了这些不同方式间的细微差别.然而,对物理学渐进境界之理解却又要求研究者心中不能着相.此中微义,愿读者诸公参详.     

ICP-AES测定粉末冶金材料中钨、钼等八种元素

用硝酸、高氯酸和氢氟酸溶解样品,在0.025 mol·L-1 EDTA介质中,采用一种标准溶液,用ICP-AES光谱法测定样品溶液中Ni,Cu,V,Mn,W,Mo,Co,Cr的含量。研究了基体和共存元素对分析元素光谱的影响,选择合适的波长,测定了分析结果的精密度,方法的检出限和回收率,结果表明,分析方法有很低的检出限,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于1%,加入回收率在98.2%～101.6%,方法准确、可靠、简便、快速,满足生产要求。     

罗马大学附属物理博物馆简介

 意大利首都罗马共有三所国立大学、四所教会大学、二所私立大学。罗马大学(又称罗马第一大学)座落在罗马近郊。它由十个学院(法律,金融与贸易,统计学,文学哲学与考古学,师范,数学物理与自然科学,机械工程,建筑,医疗,药学)、二所附属学校(航空机械,图书档案)、一所国立高等数学研究所、八所附属博物馆(矿业,地质,地理,古典艺术,动物,医学史,古生物学,人类学)组成。     

A theorem for quantum operator correspondence to the solution of the Helmholtz equation

We propose a theorem for the quantum operator that corresponds to the solution of the Helmholtz equation, i.e., V(x1, x2, x3)|x1, x2, x3 x1, x2, x3| d3 x = V(X1, X2, X3) = e-λ2/4: V(X1, X2, X3) :,where V(x1, x2, x3) is the solution to the Helmholtz equation ?2V + λ2V = 0, the symbol : : denotes normal ordering, and X1, X2, X3 are three-dimensional coordinate operators. This helps to derive the normally ordered expansion of Dirac’s radius operator functions. We also discuss the normally ordered expansion of Bessel operator functions.     

Elemental Analysis of Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis) and Their Own Soils at Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey

People consume tea brewed from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant for about 50 centuries. Health benefits of the tea have been investigated for about three decades. Especially green tea shows antitoxic and lots of properties with its determined ingredients. Turkey is not only the one of the best consumer and but also good producer of the tea as being 5 th producer all over the world. It grows eastern region of the Turkey and high quality tea is imported and exported. To have quality tea, grooving soils are also crucial. In the current research, Tea leaves and their own grown soils were collected from 20 stations where the most tea producer cities as Trabzon, Rize and Artvin tea fields of the eastern of Black Sea Region in Turkey. The cultivated tea and their own grown soil samples were analysed by using EDXRF Spectrometry. In the soil samples, the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb on percent level and the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Sr in the tea leaves were detected by using SKRAY 3600-EDXRF.and also the obtained data were evaluated with the Kriging interpolation of geostatistical method. Element content were investigated in the soil and tea samples according to the geological situations and also the relation of elemental difference between the tea and the own grown soil. Pb/Zn ratio was also anaysed in the samples.     

科学思想的火花照亮人类智慧的星空

 当暴风雨即将来临的时候,满天阴霾,空气沉闷,正所谓"山雨欲来风满楼,黑云压城城欲摧"。突然,一声霹雳,一道强光划破长空,照得天空和大地无比灿烂。天上的云层,地上的山水,像水洗过一样,尽收眼底。这就是闪电,是云层与云层之间,云层与大地之间由火花放电产生的巨大的电火花。     

物理学咬文嚼字之三十七 溅

碰撞过程(impact,bombardment,collision)难免崩出来一些物质,于是就有了sputter,splash,spatter,spurt等物理上也算常见的词汇,它们同spew,spit,sputum,sprout等同源.     

《广西物理》投稿须知

1.来稿要求科学性准确,逻辑性强,文字简练,数据可靠,图表清晰,具有创新性或一定新意。每篇文章字数（包括图、表）以不超过6000字为宜。来稿（按顺序）必须包括：题目,作者姓名,作者单位（包括所在地和邮政编码）,中文摘要（不超过300字）,关键词（3～8个）,中图分类号,正文,参考文献。     

2009年全国高考理综（甲、乙卷）物理试题评析

1 总体评价 2009年全国高考(非课改区)理科综合物理试卷共两套,其中:甲卷供云南,贵州,黑龙江,吉林,甘肃,新疆,内蒙古,青海,西藏等省、自治区使用;乙卷供湖北,湖南,河北,河南,山西,陕西,江西,广西等省、自治区使用.     

喜迎王志符先生百龄寿诞

星辉南极,荣颐衍生,喜迎王志符先生百龄寿诞,曷胜欣慰.我蛰居沪渎,云山遥隔,未能趋春城造府叩贺,停云遐企,无任绻依.念往昔夙蒙惠爱,时挹清芳,篆结中怀,与时俱永.自念未酬高谊,为此,特修芜函,回忆20余年深受先生大教之历历往事,作一扫描式回顾,濡笔为文,遥申祝嘏之忱.我早年虽未受先生親炙,但在1959年秋因工作需要和本人酷爱数理学科,遂从同济大学新建立的水利工程系,     

J-LD23型复摆实验装置的改进

针对J-LD23型复摆实验装置存在的不足,根据实验原理,采取了增加水平仪和量角器等诸多措施对原复摆实验装置进行了改进.改进后的实验装置操作简便,同时也提高了实验的准确性,减小了误差.     

弯曲共振法测量材料的杨氏模量实验改进

针对共振法测量杨氏模量实验中存在精确度和获取共振频率上的不足,在原装置中增加高度调节装置和水平仪,通过实验操作对共振阶数进行判断.实验结果证明选用共振二阶型态测量杨氏模量较有优势.     

利用磁聚焦法测量地磁场

利用电子比荷测试仪,借助罗盘、水平仪和铅垂等简单工具,分别测量进行磁聚焦后正、反向两次通过的励磁电流,计算出地磁场的水平分量和垂直分量,从而确定出地磁场的大小和方向.     

铁电体电源起爆金属桥箔的数值计算分析

 为探讨铁电体电源对金属桥箔的起爆作用,对冲击波作用下PZT95/5铁电体对铜桥箔的放电过程进行了数值计算。通过引入金属桥箔电阻非线性变化的FIRESET模型,考虑回路电感及回路电阻,计算了负载为铜桥箔时的铁电体的电响应。讨论了铁电体并联数量、回路电感对桥箔爆炸特性的影响。计算结果表明：当并联排列的铁电体电极面积达到0.006 m²以上时,在桥箔上可产生高于100 GA/m²的电流密度,能够有效起爆桥箔。而回路中存在适当的电感将有利于铁电体电源起爆桥箔。计算方法和结果能够为起爆金属桥箔的铁电体电源设计提供理论根据。     

探究桥臂电阻及待测电阻的阻值改变对惠斯通电桥相对不确定度的影响

基于惠斯通电桥原理,进行桥臂电阻及待测电阻的阻值改变对惠斯通电桥相对不确定度的影响的探究,得出了在桥臂比为1:1的情况下,随着桥臂电阻的增大,相对不确定度也会随之变化。测得的待测电阻的相对不确定度与桥臂电阻的变化曲线趋势与待测电阻无关,但不同的待测电阻在相同的桥臂电阻的情况下测得的相对不确定度不同。     

电桥实验的改革尝试

随着数字仪表的飞速发展和大量普及，以及非平衡电桥在传感技术中的广泛应用，有必要对电桥实验内容进行改革，我们把传统的平衡电桥实验改为非平衡电桥实验，从理论和实验上研究了非平衡电桥的工作特性和应用．     

提高惠斯通电桥灵敏度的方法

惠斯通电桥的灵敏度是影响其测量精确度的一个重要因素.为了分析影响惠斯通电桥灵敏度的因素,推导了惠斯通电桥灵敏度的公式,对惠斯通电桥的灵敏度进行实验研究.利用惠斯通电桥灵敏度的实验,从电源电压E、电源内阻rE和限流电阻RE、检流计灵敏度、检流计内阻RE和限流保护电阻R保护、检流计和电源接入线路的位置、R'E和桥路两端等效...     

Investigation of rail noise and bridge noise using a combined 3D dynamic model and 2.5D acoustic model

Bridge noise and rail noise are two major sources of an elevated rail transit bridge in the low and medium frequency range (20–1000 Hz). However, in most of the existing literature, the noise radiated from the bridge and rail was investigated separately or using a simplified source model. In this study, an accurate method is proposed to simulate both the rail noise and bridge noise simultaneously. First, the dynamic responses of the rail and multi-span bridge are obtained using a three-dimensional (3D) vehicle-track-bridge interaction analysis model. Then, the two-dimensional (2D) infinite element model is used to calculate 3D modal acoustic transfer vectors of the rail and bridge based on the wavenumber transformation, in order to overcome the singularity and non-uniqueness of the conventional boundary element method and reduce the computation cost. Third, a field test is conducted, and the accuracy of the proposed simulation procedure is verified. Finally, the contribution of the rail and bridge noise to the total noise level is investigated in the whole space near the bridge. Generally the bridge noise occupies a higher contribution in the space beneath the girder due to the shielding effect of the bridge shape on the rail noise, while the rail noise is dominant in the upper space above the bridge. It is found the presence of the vehicle bodies has considerable effect on the rail noise but little influence on the bridge noise. The slope of the roughness level spectrum has significant influence on the dominant field of bridge noise and rail noise. For the excitation of the assumed ISO roughness level used in this study, the difference between the rail noise and bridge noise is only about 3 dB at field points 15–30 m away from the track center, which indicates both the bridge and rail noise should be included in the noise prediction for an elevated rail transit bridge.     

非平衡电桥温度计设计中串联电阻的研究

本文探讨了串联电阻型非平衡电桥温度设计中串联电阻与桥路电流、桥臂电阻的关系,并说明了串联电阻、桥路电流及桥臂电阻间的相互影响。     

影响惠斯通电桥灵敏度因素的实验验证

介绍了惠斯通电桥测电阻的原理,给出了电桥灵敏度的定义和公式。利用电桥测量了未知电阻的阻值和电桥灵敏度,用实验分析和验证了影响电桥灵敏度的因素。