Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum II. A study of the dynamics of the accumulation of the polysaccharides ofPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides in various organs ofPolygonatum sewerzowii in different vegetation periods have been determined and their polysaccharide compositions have been established.The maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is present in the leaves and stems in the fruit-bearing period, in the roots at the time of budding, and in the rhizomes at the time of flowering. The quantitatively predominating component in the polysaccharides of the stems is galactose, and in the leaves, roots, and rhizomes, mannose. D-Mannose has been isolated from the rhizomes and leaves.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1979.     

Gibberellins and related substances

Conclusions 1. A study of the gibberellin-like substances of the leaves of tobaccoN. tabacum has shown that the latter contains gibberellin A₃ and possibly A₆ in the free state.The amount of GA₃ in the leaves of this plant is approximately 0.2–2 µg/kg.2. In addition, tobacco leaves contain neutral gibberellin-like substances in the bound form which are liberated on hydrolysis.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 296–304, 1969     

Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedineii, No. 5, pp. 643–646, September–October, 1993.     

Polysaccharides of Matricaria chamomilla I. Monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide complex

Conclusions 1. A polysaccharide has been isolated from the inflorescences ofMatricaria chamomilla L. It has been established that it is composed of D-galacturonic acid (45%), D-galactose (12.2%), D-glucose (2.3%), L-rhamnose (5.3%), L-arabinose (10.2%), and D-xylose (20.8%).2. The information obtained permits the polysaccharide of the camomile to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.Academician I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 137–141, March–April, 1974.     

Polysaccharides of Eremurus. XXVI. Study of the structure of the pectin from the leaves of Eremurus regelii

The partial acid hydrolysis of the homogeneous fraction C of the pectin fromEremurus regelii Vved. leaves has given a galacturonan. Its structure has been established on the basis of the results of periodate-nitric acid oxidation, methylation, and¹³C NMR spectroscopy.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 191–194, March–April, 1993.     

Preliminary investigation of water-soluble polysaccharides from Georgian plants

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from nine representatives of the Georgian flora belonging to seven families. According to preliminary results two of them contained glucomannans and the others contained acid arabinogalactans. A more detailed study of a polysaccharide from the fruit of the mistletoeViscum album has permitted it to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.Tbilisi State University. N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 330–335, May–June, 1989.     

Polyphenols of the herb Hypericum perforatum and the preparation novoimanin

Summary 1. The herbHypericum perforatum L. has been shown by paper chromatography to contain 14 substances with a polyphenolic nature, five from the flavonoid group (identified as hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, rutin, and quercetin), four from the dianthrone group, and five from the group of low-polarity phenolic glycosides of undetermined structure.2. The composition of the polyphenols of novoimanin has been studied. This preparation has been found to contain five substances from the group of low-polarity phenolic glycosides, which are present in considerable amounts, and nine substances from the group of flavonoids and dianthrones which are present in small amounts.3. It has been established that theH. perforatum raw material after the extraction of the novoimanin still contains a considerable amount of flavonoid compounds, and the raw material can be used for the preparation of quercetin and hyperoside.4. A spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of hyperoside in the herbage, stems, and flowers ofH. perforatum and in the wastes from the production of novoimanin has been developed.Kiev Institute for the Further Training of Doctors. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 363–367, May–June, 1971.     

Chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of the leaves ofPlantago major L.

Summary 1. A polysaccharide has been isolated from the leaves ofPlantage major L. and its monosaccharide composition has been studied.2. It has been established that the polysaccharide investigated contains D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, a partially methylated galactose, and two unidentified monosaccharides.3. The high content of galacturonic residues (68%) in the polysaccharide enables it to be classified as a pectin.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 297–302, 1965     

Polysaccharides ofUngernia. XIII. Carbohydrates of the leaves of the genusUngernia

The present communication gives the results of an investigation of the carbohydrates isolated from the leaves of eight species ofUngernia. From a single sample were successively extracted the water-soluble polysaccharides, the glucofructans, the pectin substances, and the hemicelluloses. The qualitative and quantitative monosaccharide compositions of the carbohydrates isolated were determined, and the characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 647–650, September–October, 1984.     

The dynamics of the accumulation of the alkaloids of the genus Ungernia

Summary A study ofU. victoris, U. tadshicorum, andU. trisphaera with respect to the vegetation periods and growth sites has shown that the maximum accumulation of alkaloids takes place in the early vegetation period and that naturally dried leaves do not contain alkaloids. The alkaloid content also depends on the growth site.In the period of the vigorous development of the epigeal part, some alkaloids are possibly converted into one another (hippeastrine into lycorine, galanthamine into narwedine, and narwedine into galanthamine).Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 60–64, January, 1971.     

Characteristics of the water-soluble polysaccharides of the leaves ofSilphium perfoliatum

The characteristics of the water-soluble complex of the leaves ofSilphium perfoliatum are given. The presence in them of acidic components of the type of pectic substances containing considerable amounts of compounds of protein nature has been shown. It has proved to be possible to separate the latter from the carbohydrate component by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 771–774, November–December, 1979.     

Phospholipids of the seeds of two species of Erysimum

Summary The phospholipid complexes of the seeds ofErysimum diffusum andE. sylvestris have been investigated. It has been found that the amount of phospholipids in the seeds ofE. diffusum is lower than in those ofE. sylvestris, but their qualitative compositions are similar. The fatty-acid compositions of the triglycerides and of the total phospholipids of the two plants investigated have been studied. It has been established that the total phospholipids of the species ofErysimum under consideration and individual fractions of them differ by the degree of saturation and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the acids that they contain and, consequently, the phospholipids present in greatest amount differ in their molecular compositions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 623–627, September–October, 1977.     

Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.     

Polysaccharide from the leaves ofPhytolacca americana

A polysaccharide has been isolated from the leaves ofPhytolacca americana and has been characterized. It has been established that it contains residues of galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose, in a ratio of 3:4:1:3 and also D-galacturonic acid (85–90%). The results obtained permit the polysaccharide to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.All-Union Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 166–169, March–April, 1982.     

The dynamics of the accumulation and mutual transformation of alkaloids inLiriodendron tulipifera

Summary As the result of a study of the leaves ofLiriodendron tulipifera L. according to the vegetation periods, it has been established that they contain the maximum amount of alkaloids in the spring and early vegetation period of the plant (0.32%) and the minimum amount when they are in the yellowed state in the autumn (0.11%).Transitions from N-methylcrotsparine to lirinidine, from d-caaverine to lirinidine and d-nornuciferine, and from the latter to lysicamine have been established.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 478–481, July–August, 1975.     

Terpenoids of the needles of Picea abies

The composition of the terpenoids of the neutral petroleum-ether-soluble substances from an isopropanol extract of the needles of the Norway spruce has been studied. The main components of the extractive substances are polyprenol acetates, alcohols with the labdane type of structure, and epimanool and epitorulosol. It has been shown that the terpenoids from the needles differ in composition from the extractive substances of the trunk part of the tree and those from the oleoresins of the sprucesPicea abies, P. ajanensis, andP. obovata.S. M. Kirov Leningrad Academy of Wood Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 168–176, March–April, 1986.     

An investigation of the alkaloids of thermopsis lanceolata

Summary The plantThermopsis lanceolata is richest in cytisine and pachycarpine at the beginning of the vegetation period, which makes it possible to obtain these substances from a single raw material simultaneously. Thermopsamine has been shown to be the optical antipode of the 13-hydroxysparteine obtained by the reduction of hydroxylupanine.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 463–466, July–August, 1971.     

Investigation of the coumarins and furocoumarins ofHippomarathrum caspium (DC.) Grossh.

Summary 1. Osthole, oxypeucedanin, heraclenin, and oxypeucedanin hydrate have been isolated from the roots ofHippomarathrum caspium (DC) Grossh. and identified; the presence of traces of isoimperatorin, imperatorin, and umbelliferone has been established chromatographically. A substance with mp 149–150° apparently belonging to the sitosterol group has been obtained.2. Xanthotoxin has been isolated from the leaves and stems; the presence of a small amount of bergaptene and umbelliferone has been detected chromatographically.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 356–359, 1965     

Polysaccharides ofAloe arborescens

Summary An acidic polysaccharide belonging to the class of pectin substances has been isolated from the leaves ofAloe arborescens.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Academician A. B. Fomin Botanical Garden. T. G. Shevchenko Kiev State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1975.     

The structures of tenuferin,tenuferinin, and tenuferidin

Summary Three new substances — tenuferin, tenuferinin, and tenuferidin — have been isolated from the roots ofFerula tenuisecta Eug. Kor. It has been shown that they are esters of an undescribed sesquiterpene alcohol — 8,10-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxyguaiane — and isovanillic, vanillic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids, respectively.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 70–75, January–February, 1978.