药型罩锥角对射孔枪射流冲击过程的影响

采用ALE方法对射孔弹射流形成的过程及聚能射流对混凝土靶板的侵彻进行了数值模拟,对比了锥形药型罩的不同锥角对聚能射流形成和侵彻的影响.研究结果表明药型罩的锥角大小对聚能射流的速度和形状、射流头部和杵体的质量、侵彻的宽度和深度有着明显显著的影响.小锥角射流头部比重较小且杵体速度未达到侵彻临界值而无法起到很好的侵彻效果,大...     

夹层聚能装药作用过程的数值模拟

基于凝聚炸药冲击起爆的Lee-Tarver模型,利用AUTODYN有限元计算软件对夹层聚能装药作用过程进行了数值模拟。分别对夹层聚能装药爆轰波形传播过程及其特性参数进行了数值计算,对典型聚能装药采用单一结构装药、夹层装药的射流成型过程进行了数值研究,最后对不同爆速炸药匹配关系的夹层聚能装药射流参数进行了计算分析。计算结果表明,相对于单一结构装药,夹层装药射流头部速度提高了20%,夹层聚能装药能有效提高聚能金属射流头部速度、提高侵彻深度、增加炸药装药的作功能力。     

大锥角聚能装药射流形成及对多层靶侵彻的数值模拟研究

运用改进的网格线示踪点法MOCL(MarkOnCellLine)二维多流体欧拉程序 ,对大锥角聚能装药射流的形成及侵彻多层金属靶的全过程进行了数值模拟研究 ,计算结果与试验结果较吻合。这种连贯性的模拟能力避免了数值计算中对射流的许多人为假定。计算和试验结果表明 ,该聚能装药所形成的射流质量约占整个药型罩质量的 32 % ,兼有聚能射流和爆炸成型弹丸的特点 ,更适合于穿透多层大间隔金属靶。     

大气/钢靶板交界处对平行入射聚能射流干扰的数值模拟

利用非线性动力学软件LS-DYNA,对聚能射流平行入射大气/钢靶板交界处的侵彻过程进行了数值模拟.通过分析数值模拟过程和结果,讨论了聚能射流头部速度和碰撞出口处横向速度的变化规律.结果表明:大气/钢靶板交界处不仅降低了聚能射流头部的轴向速度,而且使射流头部产生横向偏移,最大速度达到约1.8 km/s;后续射流横向偏移速...     

基于正交设计方法的双锥罩结构优化设计

设计了一种双锥药型罩,借助数值模拟和实验手段研究其成形及侵彻机理,利用正交设计方法研 究不同结构的射流成形性能。结果显示:该双锥罩在爆轰波作用下形成高速射流、翻转弹丸和杵体;小锥角 2 显著影响射流头部速度;罩厚t及大锥角2 高度显著性影响弹丸速度;最佳设计参数为:t=0.14cm、2= 50、2=135、小锥角与大锥角罩口直径比N =0.4或0.5,其射流速度分别为6613、6839m/s,弹丸速度分 别为2247、2095m/s,侵彻钢靶深度分别为8.24、8.31cm,开口孔径分别为2.12、2.08cm。最终优化的双 锥罩结构合理,既保证了射流速度,又大大提高了弹丸速度,射流和弹丸先后侵彻目标,达到双重毁伤的目的; 在低密度装药和小炸高条件下侵彻效果较理想。     

线型聚能装药的理论研究

本文提出了一端起爆的线型聚能装药射流形成的不定常理论模型。根据这一模型,当金属罩在爆轰波作用下的运动速度为已知时,则不论此速度是否是时间或初始位置的函数,都能得到射流形成时的速度,质量和位置等参数。 按照本文模型,Defourneaux.M.的定常射流形成定常模型是一个简单的特例。我们利用本文的模型对等厚度装药的情况进行了计算,并与实验结果比较,两者符合良好。同时计算结果表明,考虑射流形成的不定常因素,可以较好地解释射流头部的质量堆积和射流内部的反向速度梯度等实验现象。本文的模型可以为线型聚能切割索的设计提供较为准确的理论指导。     

基于聚能射流的岩石定向劈裂机制

基于岩石材料脆性断裂模型分析,从提高炸药能量向岩石断裂表面能转换效率的角度,提出采用预切槽和多点聚能射流冲击岩石进行裂纹引导与扩展,实现岩石定向劈裂。设计了一种可用于岩石劈裂的聚能装药,利用数值计算方法研究了岩石类脆性材料在聚能射流冲击作用下的定向劈裂机制,并计算比较了不同形状金属杆射流对岩体的冲击劈裂效果。分析计算该聚能装药射流形成与岩石的侵彻断裂过程,得出用于岩石劈裂的最佳聚能装药结构与炸高。实验成功用2枚聚能装药将岩石试块按预制方向劈裂,测试获得的岩石表面应力峰值约0.5～0.8 MPa。结果表明,采用该聚能装药在25 mm炸高下能够形成长径比约1∶3的楔形金属杆射流,沿着控界面预先设计的切槽方向,多点设置聚能装药,同时起爆后形成楔形金属杆射流冲击岩石,产生了较好的定向劈裂效果。该方法将爆炸能量精准导入控界面并有效地转换成岩石断裂表面能,从而提升了岩石定向劈裂的效果及炸药的能量利用率,研究结果可为大范围岩体开挖精确控界爆破切割装置设计及降低工程爆破危害提供参考。     

一种新型聚能战斗部

根据能量利用的观点提出了一种将聚能射流与爆炸成型弹丸相结合的新型聚能战斗部装药结构,在此基础上,运用系统的静破甲实验研究了该战斗部装药结构关键参数对破甲效果的影响。实验结果表明:保持穿孔孔径相当和同等装药条件下,该聚能装药结构比普通EFP装药结构穿深可提高约50%,小锥角聚能罩采用裂锥型是一个更好的选择。利用等效药量法对小锥角聚能罩的最大底面半径进行了工程计算。实验和计算结果表明该新型聚能战斗部有较大发展潜力。     

聚能装药的多点环形起爆器性能测试及其应用

对聚能装药用多点环形起爆器的同步性能和环形起爆的聚能装药侵彻钢筋混凝土的侵彻威力进 行了研究。应用高速摄影技术和光纤探针技术测量了多点环形起爆器各点输出的同步性,结果表明环形起爆 器各点输出同步性好,时间差最大不超过0.1s;聚能装药对钢筋混凝土的侵彻威力实验结果表明,采用多点 环形起爆器的聚能装药对钢筋混凝土的侵彻威力比点起爆的有较大提高。     

聚能射流对固体火箭发动机的冲击起爆

为研究聚能金属射流对固体火箭发动机的冲击响应,开展了聚能装药空射实验及某尺寸发动机在无防护情况下的射流冲击实验,使用高速摄影仪记录了爆炸响应过程,并测量了不同距离及方向的空气超压和破片速度。利用AUTODYN有限元计算软件对实验过程进行了数值模拟,通过调整流固耦合的网格大小,避免了耦合泄漏。实验结果表明,火箭发动机受到射流冲击后,会发生剧烈爆炸,推进剂完全反应,破片速度达4 700 m/s以上,距离发动机爆炸中心1 m处的空气超压达到19.78 MPa,爆炸中心温度达到3 000 ℃以上,该推进剂爆炸能量略高于常规炸药。模拟结果显示,射流以头部速度7 000 m/s的速度冲击发动机壳体后,射流头部的尖端被严重烧蚀,且速度降至约5 600 m/s;推进剂在受到射流侵彻1～2 mm后,发生剧烈反应;爆炸冲击波以球形沿圆柱孔装药传播,并通过圆柱形中心孔冲击另一侧推进剂,发生装药的二次冲击起爆,同时伴有回爆现象,在推进剂中心的高斯点出现了3次超压波峰;距离发动机中心1 m处3个高斯点的平均空气压力峰值为18.75 MPa,与实验结果吻合较好。     

Investigation on the collapse behavior of a cavitation bubble near a conical rigid boundary

The collapse stage of cavitation bubble development near a conical rigid boundary is investigated in detail by a finite-volume method and the volume of fluid method. The obtained results reveal the effect of the angle of the conical boundary on the bubble shape and the collapse time, as well as liquid jet formation. The degree of departure of the bubble shape from spherical one and the collapse time are found to increase with the increase of cone angle. The relationship between the prolongation factor of the collapse time near a conical boundary and the cone angle is proposed, and theoretical values of the collapse time are calculated. Good agreement is found between the theoretical values and the values obtained from simulations using a finite-volume method.     

Multiple pulsed hypersonic liquid diesel fuel jetsdriven by projectile impact

Further studies on high-speed liquid diesel fuel jets injected into ambient air conditions have been carried out. Projectile impact has been used as the driving mechanism. A vertical two-stage light gas gun was used as a launcher to provide the high-speed impact. This paper describes the experimental technique and visualization methods that provided a rapid series of jet images in the one shot. A high-speed video camera (10⁶ fps) and shadowgraph optical system were used to obtain visualization. Very interesting and unique phenomena have been discovered and confirmed in this study. These are that multiple high frequency jet pulses are generated within the duration of a single shot impact. The associated multiple jet shock waves have been clearly captured. This characteristic consistently occurs with the smaller conical angle, straight cone nozzles but not with those with a very wide cone angle or curved nozzle profile. An instantaneous jet tip velocity of 2680 m/s (Mach number of 7.86) was the maximum obtained with the 40 nozzle. However, this jet tip velocity can only be sustained for a few microseconds as attenuation is very rapid.Received: 13 December 2003, Accepted: 11 April 2004, Published online: 11 February 2005[/PUBLISHED]K. Pianthong: Correspondence to:      

Elastic-pulse propagation in thin hollow cones

Elastic pulses were generated in a thin (3-mm) right circular conical shell with apex angle of 20 deg, by an axial impact of a drop weight. Radial-strain pulses of about 250-μs duration were measured at three locations along the cone by semiconductor strain gages. The relative amplitude decrease of the strain pulse was determined as a function of the distance traveled. An approximate analytical solution for this problem is presented. It is shown that, for cones made of material with Poisson's ratio ν=1/3, the approximation leads to the one-dimensional spherical-wave equation and the wave velocity is that of longitudinal waves in thin plates. The decay of amplitude predicted by the model depends on the distance traveled and on the wavelength and it agrees fairly well with the experimental results. The model also gives an upper bound on the amplitude decrease of the pulse.     

一种高精度欧拉算法在成形装药金属射流问题中的应用

构建了一套高精度的求解成形装药金属射流问题的数值方案,给出了适用于欧拉程序的同时考虑塑性温升和冲击温升的计算方法,通过固体炸药爆炸的经典算例证明了程序是高精度的。对成形装药金属射流进行了模拟,给出了炸药的起爆、金属衬垫的失效以及射流的形成过程。研究了衬垫形状对射流形状、速度和温度的影响,通过数值分析发现,随着衬垫顶角的增大,射流的长度变短,速度减小,衬垫材料的利用率有所增加;在爆炸载荷作用的初期,衬垫的温度随着衬垫顶角的减小而增大,而当射流形成并趋于稳定之后,4种衬垫构型产生的射流温度十分接近。     

高升阻比乘波构型优化设计

在M∞ =6, 30km高空条件下,以升阻比为目标函数,进行了锥形流乘波体的黏性优化设计,讨论 了影响乘波体升阻比的因素,并对优化结果进行了数值验证. 结果表明：对于升阻比最大的 黏性优化乘波体,存在最优圆锥角使得源自该基本流场的乘波体升阻比最大;摩阻和波阻处 于同一量级;体积率、细长比和展长比都随着基本流场圆锥角的增大而增大.     

Lifting bodies using the flow behind axisymmetric conical shock waves

One of the methods of designing aircraft with supersonic flight speeds involves solving an inverse problem by means of the well-known flow schemes and the substitution of rigid surfaces for the flow surfaces. Lifting bodies using the flows behind axisymmetric shock waves belong to these configurations. All lifting bodies using the flow behind a conical shock wave can be divided into two types [1]. Bodies whose leading edge passes through the apex of the conical shock wave pertain to the first type and those whose leading edge lies below the apex of the conical shock wave, to the second. For small apex angles of the basic cone at hypersonic flow velocities an approximate solution of the variation problem was obtained, which showed that the lift-drag ratio of lifting bodies of the second type is higher than that of the first [2]. The present paper gives a numerical solution of the problem for flow past lifting bodies of the second type using the flow behind axisymmetric conical shock waves with half-angles of the basic cone _S=9.5 and 18° The upper surfaces of the bodies are formed by intersecting planes parallel to the velocity vector of the oncoming flow.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 135–138, March–April, 1986.     

柱形装药条件下锥形水中爆炸激波管内的冲击波特性

锥形水中爆炸激波管是进行水中爆炸实验的一种装置,该装置能够通过较小装药量在相同距离处实现自由场水中较大装药量爆炸的冲击波峰值。为了获得柱形装药条件下锥形水中爆炸激波管内的冲击波特性,本文通过数值计算的方式,对不同圆锥角和不同柱形装药质量下锥形激波管内的冲击波传播过程进行了模拟,通过对不同工况下激波管内冲击波特性进行分析,发现其初始冲击波的衰减规律符合自由场水中的指数衰减形式,并拟合得到了与自由场水中爆炸相容的冲击波峰值、比冲量和能流密度经验公式;发现其二次脉动压力周期与炸药质量呈反常规的变化规律,并引入等效静水压深度解释了这一现象;发现其二次脉动压力幅值与初始冲击波幅值之比比自由场水中更大,而二次脉动压力的比冲量与初始冲击波冲量之比与自由场水中相当。     

Numerical and Experimental Studies of a Conical Striker Application for the Achievement of a True and Nominal Constant Strain Rate in SHPB Tests

The problem of ensuring both nominal and true constant strain rate in the split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment was considered through the application of the conical striker for 316 L steel specimen. The experimentally confirmed results from numerical analyses indicate that the application of a conical striker with the determined apex angle for the given experimental conditions is a good method for achieving a constant value of the strain rate. Moreover, the results of the study showed that the value of the striker apex angle has the greatest influence on the mechanical response of the specimen material. In turn, the impact velocity slightly affects the value of the striker apex angle.     

Supersonic flow past circular cones at large angles of attack

Flow past sharp-nosed circular cones is investigated for a broad range of freestream Mach numbers M>1 and cone half-angles _c at angles of attack from zero to the value at which conical flow breaks down. Several new results are obtained with regard to the position of the Ferri point, the shape of the local supersonic zones and internal shock wave, and the nonmonotonicity of the windward shock slope as a function of the angle of attack. The existence of flow regimes in which the radial velocity on the windward side is directed toward the apex of the cone is demonstrated. The investigation is carried out numerically with relaxation of the solution in a fictitious time coordinate.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No, 6, pp. 79–84, November–December, 1973.