化工工人体内微量元素积累与健康的关系

论述了化工作业工人长期接触有害元素会引起体内有害元素积蓄，微量元素平衡失调，产生潜在的职业危害，建议定期对临床尚未发现中毒现象的作业工人进行体内微量元素情况监控，以预防职业中毒。并提出采用适当补充某些必需元素的方法，可预防这种危害。     

基于职业情境的“酸和碱”单元教学设计——让我来做化学实验员

以职业情境——让我来做化学实验员,引领学生扮演“化学实验员”以解决实验室中基本工作问题为话题。在任务驱动下,创设学生为主体的学习情境,体验药品整理、试剂鉴别、废液回收处理工作等。用分类、对比、实验、归纳整理的方法再深度学习酸碱的性质,提升学生化学学科理解能力;增强了学生对化学相关职业的认知与理解,提升学生的化学学科实践应用能力,发展以化学为职业取向的兴趣。     

贵州省城乡居民10年间膳食结构调查分析

调查了贵州省城乡居民膳食结构。结果表明，１９８２～１９９２年贵州居民膳食结构发生了较大改变，但与中国２０００年推荐膳食目标相比，仍有较大差距，特别是钙与某些维生素摄入量偏低。对此提出了建议。     

基于CBE理论的无机及分析化学实验教学模式探索

基于CBE(competency based education)理论,对无机及分析化学实验教学模式进行了初步的探索。根据企业对岗位职业能力的需求设定人才培养目标,开发实验项目,探索"自学—分享—指导"的教学方法,改革实验评价方法,增强学生学习的兴趣和能力,提升学生的职业能力。     

基于职业取向的化学教学设计——以“硫酸的工业生产”为例

基于人教版必修新教材中新增“化学与职业”栏目进行了“硫酸的工业生产”教学设计与实践。学生角色扮演“化工工程师”为解决工业上是如何制备硫酸这一核心研究话题,经过理论分析硫酸生产路径、模拟体会具体反应用于生产实际时所需考虑的问题、实际调研化工厂中的硫酸生产工艺这3个环节,增强对化学相关职业的认识与了解,发展以化学为职业取向的兴趣。     

广东省高校大学生膳食调查及营养配餐推荐

本调查报告采用问卷法了解广东主要高校大学生一周内熟食进食量及用餐情况，计算出每人每日热量和各种营养素的摄人量，采用Microsoft Excel软件进行数据处理和统计分析，并用中国营养学会制订的DRIs(膳食营养素参考摄人量)和中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔进行比较分析，且通过微量元素检测对结果进行了验证，最后提供了为期一周的营养配餐作为膳食参考。主要调查结果如下：男女生的蛋白质、尼克酸、维生素C、维生素E、碘和男生锰的摄入量已经满足人体需要。男生铁和锰的摄入量基本满足需要。男女生的能量、脂肪、膳食纤维、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、钙、锌的摄人量都不足，且女生铁的摄人量同样不足。男女生一日三餐热量分配结构十分不平衡，早餐的热量摄入均偏低，膳食结构也不合理。在分析广东省大学生膳食状况的基础上，推出五套营养配餐方案供高校膳食部门和大学生参考选用。     

中国城市职业多样性：事实、演进与政策含义

从城市职业类型分布的角度测算中国城市的职业多样性和趋势,并探讨城市特征对于城市职业多样性的影响,可以为引导城市充分高质量就业提供参考。通过采用改进的赫芬达尔指数、面板数据固定效应模型和Oaxaca-Blinder分解等方法,研究发现,2002−2016年期间中国城市职业多样性呈现出先降后升的趋势,其原因在于城市产业结构的调整以及金融危机后新经济的出现;同时,城市规模越大、行政等级越高、经济越发达,对应的职业多样性程度越高。研究结论有助于直观了解不同城市的职业分布、产业结构和分工现状,评估城市的人力资源结构和经济发展潜能,进而为不同城市制定产业发展及人力资源规划提供政策建议。     

贵州省农村儿童膳食铁营养与贫血状况调查研究

为了解贵州农村儿童的膳食营养健康水平及贫血发生情况，探讨有效的改善措施，对８８６名１－１７岁农村儿童的膳食营养及健康状况进行了调查。结果表明，各年龄儿童的膳食营养水平及质量不高，膳食结构不合理，基本上“素食”，铁摄入主要以吸收利用率很低的非血红蛋白铁为主，占９５％以上，儿童慢性营养不良发生率较高，贫血发生率普遍高达２５％，且以学龄前儿童为高发人群。提出了几项旨在改善儿童营养健康状况、预防贫血发生的     

人类第七大营养素——膳食纤维

膳食纤维被称为人类第七大营养素,本文介绍了膳食纤维的有关化学问题,如其结构特点、理化性质、生理功能和检测方法,以及膳食纤维的应用与开发现状。     

某地区学龄前儿童膳食营养状况调查分析

目的探究某地区学龄前儿童的膳食营养状况。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取某地区学龄前儿童500人,通过称质量记帐法进行3 d的膳食调查。结果 1某地区学龄前儿童膳食结构不甚合理,蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、牛奶以及豆类的摄入量明显低于推荐量。2某地区学龄前儿童蛋白质、能量摄入量接近膳食营养素推荐摄入量(RNI),但是维生素A、维生素C、钙的摄入量均低于RNI。结论应针对性调整某地区学龄前儿童膳食结构,适当增加蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、牛奶以及豆类食物的摄入量。     

Magnetic-Optical Imaging for Monitoring Chemodynamic Therapy

Chemodynamic therapy kills cancer cells with reactive oxygen species generated by endogenous triggers in the tumor microenvironment. Although chemodynamic therapy is blossoming in recent years, their therapy process still faces a series of hampers. The unknown catalytic activity of chemodynamic therapy reagents may lead to unpredictable therapy effects, so it is necessary to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of chemodynamic therapy and develop self-monitoring probes. In this mini-review, we summarize and illustrate the most recent progress of chemodynamic therapy, focusing on the applications of magnetic imaging and optical imaging probe for monitoring cancer chemodynamic therapy. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential challenges and the further directions of this field.     

适体功能化的金纳米棒用于癌症靶向治疗的研究进展

金纳米棒(gold nanorods,GNRs)具有特殊的光学性质、较大的比表面积、出色的光热转换性能、表面易修饰等特点,在药物递送、光疗、生物成像和化学传感等领域应用十分广泛。适体是短的单链DNA或RNA片段,可特异性识别癌细胞或其表面的膜蛋白。近年来,适体功能化的GNRs在癌症靶向治疗领域显示出良好的应用前景。根据GNRs对癌症作用机制的差异,本文从光热疗法、光动力疗法、化疗和联合疗法4个方面总结了适体功能化的GNRs在癌症靶向治疗中的最新进展,并对该领域面临的主要挑战和发展趋势进行了探讨与展望。     

What are carbon nanotubes’ roles in anti-tumor therapies?

Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become one of the most promising nanomaterials in many industrial and biomedical applications. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, CNTs have been proposed and actively exploited as multipurpose innovative carriers for cancer therapy. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the status of applications, advantages, and up-to-date research and development of carbon nanotubes in cancer therapy with an emphasis on drug delivery, photothermal therapy, gene therapy, RNAi, and immune therapy. In addition, the issues of risk and safety of CNTs in cancer nanotechnology are discussed briefly.     

Accelerators for cancer therapy

The vast majority of radiation treatments for cancerous tumors are given using electron linacs that provide both electrons and photons at several energies. Design and construction of these linacs are based on mature technology that is rapidly becoming more and more standardized and sophisticated. The use of hadrons such as neutrons, protons, alphas, or carbon, oxygen and neon ions is relatively new. Accelerators for hadron therapy are far from standardized, but the use of hadron therapy as an alternative to conventional radiation has led to significant improvements and refinements in conventional treatment techniques. This paper presents the rationale for radiation therapy, describes the accelerators used in conventional and hadron therapy, and outlines the issues that must still be resolved in the emerging field of hadron therapy.     

Recent advances in upconversion nanoparticle-based nanocomposites for gas therapy

Gas therapy has attracted wide attention for the treatment of various diseases. However, a controlled gas release is highly important for biomedical applications. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can precisely convert the long wavelength of light to ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) light in gas therapy for the controlled gas release owing to their unique upconversion luminescence (UCL) ability. In this review, we mainly summarized the recent progress of UCNP-based nanocomposites in gas therapy. The gases NO, O₂, H₂, H₂S, SO₂, and CO play an essential role in the physiological and pathological processes. The UCNP-based gas therapy holds great promise in cancer therapy, bacterial therapy, anti-inflammation, neuromodulation, and so on. Furthermore, the limitations and prospects of UCNP-based nanocomposites for gas therapy are also discussed.

UCNPs can convert the long wavelength of light to UV-Vis light for the controlled gas release owing to their unique upconversion luminescence (UCL) ability. This review summarized the recent progress of UCNP-based nanocomposites in gas therapy.     

Carbon dots with two-photon fluorescence imaging for efficient synergistic trimodal therapy

Applying the fluorescent carbon dots as smart materials in anticancer therapy is of great interest. However, carbon dots for multimodal synergistic anticancer therapy, especially for the triple modality, is rarely reported. Herein, we successfully synthesized OCDs by citric acid and(1R,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethan-1-ol, which show aggregation-induced emission property and two-photon fluorescence imaging. Meanwhile, OCDs are ideal photosensitizers for photothermal therapy under 808 nm and Type Ⅰ...     

铁掺杂的聚2-硝基-1,4-苯二胺纳米球的制备及在光热/光动力/化学动力学肿瘤治疗中的应用

肿瘤微环境(TME)的复杂性,使得单一治疗方式很难实现完全治愈。 为此,构建了一种负载吲哚菁绿(ICG)的铁掺杂的聚2-硝基-1,4-苯二胺多功能纳米球Fe-PNPD-ICG(FPIs),用于光热(PTT)/光动力(PDT)/化学动力学(CDT)的联合治疗。 在808 nm激光器照射下,ICG作为光敏剂可以产生单线态氧,铁掺杂的聚2-硝基-1,4-苯二胺纳米球作为光热剂具有36.65%的光热转换效率。 FPIs一旦内化到肿瘤内,由Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺转化引发Fenton反应产生·OH实现化学动力学治疗,反应过程中可以清除TME中过表达的谷胱甘肽(GSH),从而降低肿瘤中的抗氧化能力。 同时,产生的氧气可以改善TME中乏氧情况,增强PDT的治疗效果。 因此,FPIs是PTT/PDT/CDT联合治疗的一种理想材料,在肿瘤治疗中具有潜在的应用前景。     

Bimetallic Nanomaterials: A Promising Nanoplatform for Multimodal Cancer Therapy

Bimetallic nanomaterials (BMNs) composed of two different metal elements have certain mixing patterns and geometric structures, and they often have superior properties than monometallic nanomaterials. Bimetallic-based nanomaterials have been widely investigated and extensively used in many biomedical fields especially cancer therapy because of their unique morphology and structure, special physicochemical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and synergistic effect. However, most reviews focused on the application of BMNs in cancer diagnoses (sensing, and imaging) and rarely mentioned the application of the treatment of cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the recent progress of BNMs as therapeutic agents. We first introduce and discuss the synthesis methods, intrinsic properties (size, morphology, and structure), and optical and catalytic properties relevant to cancer therapy. Then, we highlight the application of BMNs in cancer therapy (e.g., drug/gene delivery, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, enzyme-mediated tumor therapy, and multifunctional synergistic therapy). Finally, we put forward insights for the forthcoming in order to make more comprehensive use of BMNs and improve the medical system of cancer treatment.     

Folate-targeted co-delivery polymersomes for efficient photo-chemo-antiangiogenic therapy against breast cancer and in vivo evaluation via OCTA/NIRF dual-modal imaging

Intelligent nanoplatform that combines multimodal imaging and therapeutic effects holds great promise for precise and efficient cancer therapy. Herein, folate-targeted polymersomes with stimuli-responsiveness were fabricated and evaluated by near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) dual-imaging for photo-chemo-antiangiogenic therapy against cancer. The folate-targeted polymersomes (FA-MIT-SIPS) not only integrated ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) and mitoxantrone (MIT) into their hydrophilic cavity but also encapsulated indocyanine green (ICG) and sorafenib (SOR) within their hydrophobic layer. NIRF imaging demonstrated that FA-MIT-SIPS effectively accumulated and retained in the tumors. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the ICG produced hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for efficient photothermal and photodynamic therapy. In addition, the decomposition of ABC in responsive to acidic tumor environment and ICG-induced hyperthermia accelerated drug release. The released MIT accumulated in nucleus to inhibit DNA synthesis, while the released SOR destructed tumor vascularization. Notably, OCTA imaging was applied to observe the tumor blood flow upon the combination therapy, demonstrating that FA-MIT-SIPS obviously decreased the vessels area density. Moreover, the synergistic photo-chemo-antiangiogenic therapy of FA-MIT-SIPS achieved excellent antitumor effect with 40% of the 4T1 tumor-bearing mice being completely cured without recurrence. The multifunctional polymersomes provide a promising dual-modal imaging-evaluated synergistic strategy for tumor therapy.     

Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in wound healing by low-level laser therapy

Laser therapy is used in many biomedical sciences to promote tissue regeneration. Many studies involving low-level laser therapy have shown that the healing process is enhanced by such therapy. In this work, we evaluated mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II and IV and succinate dehydrogenase activities in wounds after irradiation with low-level laser. The animals were divided into two groups: group 1, the animals had no local nor systemic treatment and were considered as control wounds; group 2, the wounds were treated immediately after they were made and every day after with a low-level laser (AsGa, wavelength of 904 nm) for 10 days. The results showed that low-level laser therapy improved wound healing. Besides, our results showed that low-level laser therapy significantly increased the activities of complexes II and IV but did not affect succinate dehydrogenase activity. These findings are in accordance to other works, where cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) seems to be activated by low-level laser therapy. Besides, we showed, for the first time, that complex II activity was also activated. More studies are being carried out in order to evaluate other mitochondrial enzymes activities after different doses and irradiation time of low-level laser.