不可逆费米奥托制冷循环性能分析

基于回热式不可逆奥托制冷循环和理想费米气体的状态方程,导出以费米气体为工质的奥托制冷循环的输入功、制冷量、制冷系数等重要性能参数的表达式,以此讨论费米气体的量子简并性、回热及内不可逆性对循环性能的影响,给出以理想费米气体为工质的回热式不可逆奥托制冷循环的性能特征。所得结果有助于进一步了解经典气体奥托制冷循环与量子气体奥托制冷循环的区别和联系。     

不可逆自旋量子制冷循环参数的优化设计

基于量子主方程和半群逼近方法，研究以许多无相互作用的自旋-1/2系统为工质的、由两个绝热和两个等磁场过程组成的不可逆量子制冷循环的一般性能特性。导出循环的性能系数、制冷率和输入功率等重要性能参数的表达式。应用数值求解，对受有限循环时间约束的制冷率进行了优化，计算了最大制冷率和相应的最佳性能参数，确定了性能系数的最佳区域和工质温度及两个等磁场过程时间的优化范围。进而详细分析了高温下循环的优化性能，所得结果被进一步推广，以致可直接用来描述由自旋-J系统为工质的量子制冷循环的性能。     

Performance of an irreversible quantum refrigeration cycle

A new model of a quantum refrigeration cycle composed of two adiabatic and two isomagnetic field processes is established. The working substance in the cycle consists of many non-interacting spin-1/2 systems. The performance of the cycle is investigated, based on the quantum master equation and semi-group approach. The general expressions of several important performance parameters, such as the coefficient of performance, cooling rate, and power input, are given. It is found that the coefficient of performance of this cycle is in the closest analogy to that of the classical Carnot cycle. Furthermore, at high temperatures the optimal relations of the cooling rate and the maximum cooling rate are analysed in detail. Some performance characteristic curves of the cycle are plotted, such as the cooling rate versus the maximum ratio between high and low ``temperatures' of the working substances, the maximum cooling rate versus the ratio between high and low ``magnetic fields' and the ``temperature' ratio between high and low reservoirs. The obtained results are further generalized and discussed, so that they may be directly applied to describing the performance of the quantum refrigerator using spin-$J$ systems as the working substance. Finally, the optimum characteristics of the quantum Carnot and Ericsson refrigeration cycles are derived by analogy.     

The performance characteristics of an irreversible quantum Otto harmonic refrigeration cycle

In this paper, an irreversible quantum Otto refrigeration cycle working with harmonic systems is established. Base on Heisenberg quantum master equation, the equations of motion for the set of harmonic systems thermodynamic observables are derived. The simulated diagrams of the quantum Otto refrigeration cycle are plotted. The relationship between average power of friction, cooling rate, power input, and the time of adiabatic process is analyzed by using numerical calculation. Moreover, the influence of the heat conductance and the time of iso-frequency process on the performance of the cycle is discussed.     

Ecological optimization for an irreversible magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle

An irreversible Ericsson refrigeration cycle model is established, in which multi-irreversibilities such as finite-rate heat transfer, regenerative loss, heat leakage, and the efficiency of the regenerator are taken into account. Expressions for several important performance parameters, such as the cooling rate, coefficient of performance （COP）, power input, exergy output rate, entropy generation rate, and ecological function are derived. The influences of the heat leakage and the time of the regenerative processes on the ecological performance of the refrigerator are analyzed. The optimal regions of the ecological function, cooling rate, and COP are determined and evaluated. Furthermore, some important parameter relations of the refrigerator are revealed and discussed in detail. The results obtained here have general significance and will be helpful in gaining a deep understanding of the magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle.     

量子简并性对气体斯特林制冷循环性能的影响

基于理想量子气体的状态方程，分析了量子气体斯特林制冷循环中的回热特征，推导出循环的制冷系数一般表达式.获得了在强简并和弱简并条件下循环的制冷系数，对全面理解气体斯特林制冷机的性能有所帮助. 关键词： 量子简并性 斯特林制冷循环     

焦炉气低温氢分离流程制冷循环

我国每年随焦炉气排放到环境中的氢气是数百亿立方米。文中提出分区液化的低温分离法将焦炉气中的氢分离并同时液化。通过CH4及N2的理想蒸汽制冷循环计算,结果表明CH4的制冷系数是N2制冷系数的2.7倍,而相应卡诺效率是1.6倍。通过Ne、H2、He的理想气体制冷循环计算,结果表明Ne的制冷系数和热力学完善度都最高。从热力学角度而言,可分别采用CH4和Ne作为制冷剂组成制冷循环。     

氮低温制冷循环系统在大科学装置中的应用与发展

大科学装置中低温设备的氮低温冷量需要日益快速增长,为减少能耗和保障装置的长期稳定运行,基于大科学装置氮低温系统运行需求,介绍了氮低温制冷循环系统在国内外大科学装置中的应用情况,总结了目前大科学装置中应用氮低温制冷循环系统的研究现状,并探讨以氮制冷机为核心的氮低温制冷循环系统在未来大科学装置中发展方向。     

太阳能驱动的Einstein制冷循环热力性能分析

对太阳能驱动的Einstein制冷循环进行了详细的热力性能计算,并针对不同的蒸发温度、冷凝温度以及发生温度对系统COP的影响进行了分析计算,得出影响曲线。得出结论:通过改变运行工况来提高系统COP这条路行不通,要从根本上提高系统COP,只能通过对换热器的强化、系统部件的合理布置、以及新工质对的选取等方法来实现。     

Spin interaction with an ideal Fermi gas

We consider the equilibrium dynamics of a system consisting of a spin interacting with an ideal Fermi gas on the lattice , 3. We present two examples: when this system is unitarily equivalent to an ideal Fermi gas or to a spin in an ideal Fermi gas without interaction between them.     

太阳能喷射式制冷循环的热力学熵分析

利用熵分析法对太阳能喷射式制冷循环进行分析。找出系统中不可逆损失在各环节中的分布情况,分析其原因。并且研究发生温度、蒸发温度等系统参数对循环的影响,还分析了工况的变化对循环性能的影响。     

低温空气制冷速冻系统性能的实验研究

对使用空气动压轴承的升压式空气制冷速冻系统进行了实验研究,分析了压气机进口压力、散热器冷边风量及回热器对系统性能的影响。实验结果表明:增大压气机进口压力和散热器冷边空气流量均可降低涡轮出口温度,提高系统制冷量;系统COP随着压气机进口压力的升高而增大,但是增大幅度逐渐减少;系统增加回热器后,涡轮出口温度最多可降低约67%,系统制冷量和COP最多约可增加45.5%,其中涡轮出口温度最低约可降至-50℃,系统COP最大可达0.7左右。     

可利用低品位热源的Einstein制冷循环的可行性分析

基于原始设计,提出了一种改进型的Einstein制冷循环,使用Patel-Teja立方型状态方程及Reid-Pana-giotopolos混合规则,以数值模拟研究该循环可行性,并分析系统性能影响因素。冷凝/吸收温度为35℃时,系统性能系数最高可达0.27。     

玻色气体的量子简并性对不可逆布雷顿制冷循环性能的影响

基于不可逆布雷顿制冷循环模型和理想玻色气体的状态方程,导出以玻色气体为工质的布雷顿制冷循环的输入功、制冷系数、制冷量等重要参数的表示式,由此讨论玻色气体的量子简并性和不可逆绝热过程对循环性能的影响,揭示以玻色气体为工质的不可逆布雷顿制冷循环的一般性能特性,从而导出一些重要结论．进而给出几种特殊情况下循环的性能特性．得到的结果有助于进一步了解经典布雷顿制冷循环和量子布雷顿制冷循环之间的区别和联系．     

使用ANSYS对惯性力作用下的低温绝热气瓶进行应力分析与优化

低温绝热气瓶为移动式压力容器,不仅承受静载荷的作用,还要承受移动工况下的惯性载荷作用。与传统的常规计算方法相比,有限元法更直观准确。文中使用ANSYS软件,对DPL450-175-1.37型低温绝热气瓶的结构建立有限元模型,对受惯性载荷的作用下进行应力分析,并对其应力集中区域进行了应力分类和评定。为低温绝热气瓶的结构设计起到一定的帮助作用。     

The performance evaluation of a micro/nano-scaled cooler working with an ideal Bose gas

Based on the size effect of a confined ideal Bose gas, the design concept of a quantum cooler is originally put forward. The cooler consists of two long tubes with the same length but different sizes of cross section, which are filled up with the ideal Bose gas, and is operated between two heat reservoirs. Expressions for the refrigeration rate and coefficient of performance (COP) of the cooler are derived. The effects of the size effect on the refrigeration rate and COP are discussed. The general performance characteristics of the cooler are revealed.     

Influence of quantum degeneracy on the performance of a gas Stirling engine cycle

Based on the state equation of an ideal quantum gas, the regenerative loss of a Stirling engine cycle working with an ideal quantum gas is calculated. Thermal efficiency of the cycle is derived. Furthermore, under the condition of quantum degeneracy, several special thermal efficiencies are discussed. Ratios of thermal efficiencies versus the temperature ratio and volume ratio of the cycle are made. It is found that the thermal efficiency of the cycle not only depends on high and low temperatures but also on maximum and minimum volumes. In a classical gas state the thermal efficiency of the cycle is equal to that of the Carnot cycle. In an ideal quantum gas state the thermal efficiency of the cycle is smaller than that of the Carnot cycle. This will be significant for deeper understanding of the gas Stirling engine cycle.     

Excitation spectra of one-dimensional spin-1/2 Fermi gas with an attraction

Using an exact Bethe ansatz solution, we rigorously study excitation spectra of the spin-1/2 Fermi gas (called Yang–Gaudin model) with an attractive interaction. Elementary excitations of this model involve particle-hole excitation, hole excitation and adding particles in the Fermi seas of pairs and unpaired fermions. The gapped magnon excitations in the spin sector show a ferromagnetic coupling to the Fermi sea of the single fermions. By numerically and analytically solving the Bethe ansatz equations and the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations of this model, we obtain excitation energies for various polarizations in the phase of the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov-like state. For a small momentum (long-wavelength limit) and in the strong interaction regime, we analytically obtained their linear dispersions with curvature corrections, effective masses as well as velocities in particle-hole excitations of pairs and unpaired fermions. Such a type of particle-hole excitations display a novel separation of collective motions of bosonic modes within paired and unpaired fermions. Finally, we also discuss magnon excitations in the spin sector and the application of Bragg spectroscopy for testing such separated charge excitation modes of pairs and single fermions.     

Performance of a quantum heat engine cycle working with harmonic oscillator systems

A cycle model of an irreversible heat engine working with harmonic systems is established in this paper. Based on the equation of motion of an operator in the Heisenberg picture and semi-group approach, the first law of thermodynamics for a harmonic system and the time evolution of the system are obtained. The general expressions for several important parameters, such as the work, efficiency, power output, and rate of entropy production are derived. By means of numerical analysis, the optimally operating regions and the optimal values of performance parameters of the cycle are determined under the condition of maximum power output. At last, some special cases, such as high temperature limit and frictionless case, are dis-cussed in brief.     

以一维谐振子势阱中的单粒子为工质的量子热机性能分析

建立了以一维谐振子势阱中的单粒子为工质的量子热机模型.当势阱壁宽度和粒子的量子态缓慢改变时, 该热机类似于经典卡诺热机对外做功.假设势阱壁移动速度非常缓慢并且考虑热漏, 推导出量子热机循环的输出功率和效率等重要性能参数的一般表达式.通过优化分析, 获得了热机循环中各主要性能参数的最佳优化值和优化区间.