共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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应用X射线异常散射技术研究了[Ni70Co30(25A)/Cu(20A)]20多层膜的界面结构, 结果表明, 退火前后Cu/Ni70Co30和Ni70Co30/Cu界面的温度行为不同.对于制备态样品, 界面结构是非对称的, 在Cu/Ni70Co30界面, 存在一个8A厚的CuNi3过渡层和一个4A厚的NiCo层. 然而, Ni70Co30/Cu界面却不存在任何扩散. 285\textcelsius 2h退火后,Ni70Co30/Cu界面开始发生扩散, 产生了一个12A厚的CuNi2Co过渡层. X射线能量分别在Co, Ni, Cu K吸收边附近的X射线漫散射实验, 揭示了在Ni70Co30/Cu多层膜的界面处,
Cu与Ni和Co具有不同的横向关联长度, 显示了不均匀的横向分布. 相似文献
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利用数值模拟程序模拟了不同高度核爆炸下大气的X射线电离及演化过程.结果表明: X射线电离产生的电子数密度在射线到达后约100 ns时刻达到峰值, 峰值数密度随着到裸核区距离的增加而减小;电子具有较长的寿命, 电子寿命随着到裸核区距离的增加而增大; X射线电离空气产生正离子O+, O2+, N2+,爆高为120 km情况下 O+的峰值数密度与O2+的相近,能维持约1 s. X射线对空气的电离影响范围在数十千米以内,在距裸核区较近的区域, 爆高为80 km时产生的电子峰值数密度比爆高为120 km时的电子峰值数密度高, 在距裸核区较远的区域则相反. 相似文献
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研究了通过有机金属化学气相沉积技术及单源分子前躯体方法制备的Ni/Al2O3纳米复合材料的氢吸附(存储). 在冷壁的有机金属化学气相沉积反应器中,通过降解Ni(acac)2粉末基底上的[H2Al(OtBu)]2制备的Ni/Al2O3纳米复合材料. 通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及能量色散型X射线荧光光谱等技术表征该复合材料. 采用自制Sievert's设备研究该复合材料的氢吸附(存储),可以储存约2.9%(重量比)的氢. 相似文献
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Athanasios Zavras Antonija Mravak Margarita Bu?an?i? Jonathan M. White Vlasta Bona?i?-Koutecky Richard A. J. O''Hair 《化学物理学报》2019,32(2):182-186
本文合成一种新的双膦连接Ag60纳米团簇[{Cl@Ag12}@Ag48(dppm)12],并通过X射线晶体学进行表征. 二十面体的银处于核心位置,里面是中心氯化物组成,外面有48 个银原子/离子的包裹,顶端是12个双(二苯基膦基)甲烷(dppm)配体. 同时利用密度泛函理论对阳离子[{Cl@Ag12}@Ag48(dppm)12]+进行计算,以确定该结构是否对应于核心数n=58的超原子. DFT计算的优化结构与X射线一致,但是HOMO-LUMO的能差并不能保证其超级稳定性. 相似文献
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为了研究Z箍缩等离子体辐射的X射线光谱,研制了可用于“阳”加速器上探测宽频谱范围的X射线椭圆弯曲晶体谱仪。该谱仪晶体分析器采用云母材料,椭圆焦距为1 350 mm,离心率为0.948 5,覆盖布拉格范围为30°~60°,可探测X射线波长范围为0.10~1.73 nm(0.86~1.00 nm除外),用X射线胶片接收光谱信号。探测实验在中国工程物理研究院“阳”加速器上进行,实验结果表明:谱仪获取了氩的类氢共振线Lya及其伴线、类氦共振线(1s2p1P1-1s21S0)w线及磁四级M22跃迁(1s2p3P2-1s21S0)x线、互组合跃迁(1s2p3P1-1s21S0)y线、禁戒谱线(1s2p3S1-1s21S0)z线和K-a线,谱线分辨率达到564。实验证明弯晶谱仪适合于Z箍缩等离子体X射线光谱学诊断。 相似文献
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微型X射线管出射谱特征研究及Be窗厚度确定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
微型X射线管已广泛应用于现场元素分析、放射性医疗等领域,对于微型X射线管铍窗,普遍认为除保证管内真空外,应越薄越好。采用蒙特卡洛方法,模拟了从50~500 μm范围内共13个Be窗厚度的微型X射线管出射X射线谱。按照在应用中的作用,将出射X射线划分为不同能量段进行分析。通过分析谱线特征,发现Be窗厚度应依据其应用要求合理选择。因此,提出了K系特征X射线与轫致辐射强度的比值和低能射线与激发射线计数比值等参量作为评价Be窗厚度最优化的判断依据。除上述评判指标外,铍窗的厚度最优化选择还应考虑Be窗对不同能量X射线的屏蔽效果。依据模拟结果分析,原位(现场)X射线能量色散荧光分析应用中,Be窗厚度约250 μm的微型X射线管最为合适。与50 μm铍窗厚度出射射线相比,71.66%低能原级X射线被屏蔽,5~50 keV能量原级X射线仅有21.31%被屏蔽,低能射线强度占总X射线比值小于10%,且K系X射线占激发射线的比例仍保持较高的水平。因此,采用250 μm铍窗厚度的微型X射线管作为能量色散激发源,能保证探测器探测的有效信号比值较高,低能X射线对探测器的能量分辨率的影响最小,而且能量色散分析谱线的散射本底相对强度处于较低的水平,从而保证元素分析结果精准度。对于放射性治疗的应用中,则铍窗厚度越薄越好,此时,低能X射线具有较高的通量,能保证辐射剂量在治疗组织中剂量的集中。 相似文献
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同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
基于北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)开展了同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术(CT)研究.利用北京同步辐射的14 keV单色X射线作为光源,以高分辨能力的X射线胶片作为探测器,分别开展吸收衬度和同轴相位衬度成像的比较研究以及相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究.相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建采用Bronnikov提出的算法.结果显示,与传统的吸收衬度图像相比,相位衬度图像具有更好的衬度和更高的空间分辨力;实验获得人工样品和蝗虫的相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建图像.重建图像中可见样品的一些结构细节.实验结果表明,相位衬度X射线成像更适合于研究弱吸收或吸收差异很小的材料;利用北京同步辐射开展同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究是可行的. 相似文献
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M. Rodrigues M. Schreiner M. M?der M. Melcher M. Guerra J. Salomon M. Radtke M. Alram N. Schindel 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,99(2):351-356
We report the results of an analytical investigation on 416 silver-copper coins stemming from the Ottoman Empire (end of 16th
and beginning of 17th centuries), using synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (SRXRF). In the past, analyses had already
been conducted with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive
X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) and proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). With this combination of techniques it
was possible to confirm the fineness of the coinage as well as to study the provenance of the alloy used for the coins. 相似文献
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O. A. Belyakova A. V. Shulenina Ya. V. Zubavichus A. A. Veligzhanin A. V. Naumkin A. Yu. Vasil’kov 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2013,7(3):509-514
An analysis of biocompatible and antibacterial Au-gauze nanocomposites for medical purposes using X-ray and synchrotron radiation is conducted. The samples are produced by the modification of medical cotton gauze by Au organosol in isopropanol, which is synthesized via the metal-vapor method. The nanocomposites are examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as with X-ray adsorption diffraction spectroscopy (EXAFS/XANES) and small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. 相似文献
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A YU ROMANOV 《Pramana》2011,76(2):339-344
Kumakhov polycapillary optics is based on the effective passage of X-ray radiation through bundles of monocapillaries of various
configurations. The passage of radiation takes place because of the total external reflection of X-rays from the inner capillary
walls. In this work, the basic characteristics of intense quasi-parallel X-ray polycapillary microbeams from a laboratory
source with microfocus X-ray tube/polycapillary cylindrical structure are investigated theoretically (analytical consideration).
The data generated from theoretical estimations are compared with the experimental results. Several new generations of X-ray
analytical devices like, laboratory synchrotron, fluorescent spectrometers, reflectometers/refractometers, diffractometers,
X-ray microscopes and combinations of several such devices, are developed based on polycapillary optics. Besides, a number
of devices can be developed for the most modern research problems such as nanomateriology, namely, X-ray nanoscanner, portable
X-ray nanothickness indicator etc. X-ray tubes and the radiators, specially developed for polycapillary optics as efficiently
as possible, are used in all the devices mentioned above. 相似文献
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D. Raoux 《Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter》1985,61(4):397-403
We discuss advantages and limitations of X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray diffraction and anomalous X-ray diffraction as structural tools for ordered and (chemically and structurally) disordered solids. 相似文献
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Synchrotron radiation (SR), as a result of its high-intensity, brilliant, monochromatic, and collimated beams, is becoming one of the most crucial components of research in various fields of materials science such as nanomaterials, biomaterials, and energy materials. SR-based characterization methods can be employed to analyze different systems such as powders, thin films, and bulk forms having complex crystalline or amorphous structures. In this review, peculiarities of SR are briefly explained. Moreover, various techniques carried out utilizing this instrument for material characterization such as X-ray powder diffraction, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, small/wide-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, different techniques of X-ray imaging, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray microprobes/nanoprobes are presented. As a result, by shedding light on the advantages of SR and its superiority to the equivalent laboratory experiments, researchers are recommended to exploit the capabilities of this invaluable tool in their materials characterization. 相似文献
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J. F. Marco M. Gracia J. R. Gancedo T. González-Carreño A. Arcoya X. L. Seoane 《Hyperfine Interactions》1995,95(1):53-70
The characterization of an iron-containing natural zeolitic sample from the deposit of Tasajeras (Cuba) has been carried out by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The results show that iron is mainly located (ca. 96%) as Fe3+ in an octahedral site of the clinoptilolite framework. No evidence of tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ was found. The remaining 4% Fe is located as Fe2+ in an extraframework octahedral site, probably as a solvated ion, within the clinoptilolite structure. 相似文献
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研究了高电荷态离子129Xe29+入射金属Au、Mo、Be表面产生的特征X射线谱。实验结果表明,在入射离子的动能相同时,Au的Mα1-X射线产额比Mo的Lα1-X、Lα2-X、Lβ 1-X射线总产额高,特征X射线的产额随入射离子动能的增加而显著增加;不同动能的Xe29+入射金属Au、Mo、Be表面均未产生Xe的特征X射线。 相似文献