搓制钻头的数学模型

车分析搓制钻头工艺．建立了数学模型．并对其进行了几何仿真，得到四板搓的截形数据．给出用一种规格的工具搓制多种规格钻头且符合国标的工具序列数据．     

苏北盆地海安凹陷钻头优选技术

苏北盆地海安凹陷钻井存在钻头选型复杂,单井钻头数量使用过多,钻井周期长,钻井效率低等问题,迫切需要解决钻头优选问题.用模糊优化理论对常用钻头选型的效益指数法进行了改造完善,建立了新的钻头优选模型,对海安已钻27口井的钻头进行了优选,确定了实钻效果最佳的钻头.运用优选的钻头在现场进行钻井作业,取得优良的效果,极大提高了钻井效率,缩短了钻井周期,同时也极大简化了钻头选型.探索了一条有效解决苏北盆地海安凹陷及相邻区块钻头优选的技术路径,为高效勘探开发苏北盆地提供了有力的技术支撑.     

有趣的蹦极模拟实验

<正>一根普通的皮筋,拉力越大,皮筋拉扯的越长.但是如果是固定的拉力,随着皮筋数量的增加,皮筋拉扯的长度有什么规律变化,我们希望通过类似实验,来寻找这里面的奥秘.我们小组进行了类似蹦极的实验,实验工具包括皮筋、软尺、砝码等,具体规格如下:这次实验的工具有:普通皮筋50个,软尺1个(最大测量长度200cm(厘米)),我们对这个实验很感兴趣,所以我们也找了类似的圆台形容器、测量尺、量杯等工具,具体规格如下:     

微小钻头寿命分布的试验研究

本文对微小钻头进行了可靠性试验研究，探讨了微小钻头寿命分布函数的拟合方法，在本文的试验条件下得出了微小钻头寿命服从对数正态分布的结论，并且求出了可靠度函数     

基本概念格的数据扩展及相容性判定问题

数据分析在计算机数据处理中占有重要地位.概念格理论是数据分析有力工具,本文以概念格为工具,讨论数据扩展而引起的相容性问题.主要是将数据作为概念格中的对象,在给定数据基本集并假设数据特征一定的条件下,考虑数据扩展相容性问题,解决了数据扩展的相容性判定问题并给出了相应的判定定理.目的是使在特征一定的情况下,数据对象达到最大化.     

例谈几何画板在中考数学命题中的应用

<正>几何画板是一款由美国Key Curriculum Press研制的优秀数学动态软件,其在学生学习和教师教学中发挥了传统教学手段难以达到的效果．同时,几何画板是处理复杂的画图、繁琐的计算和数据等的强大工具,能极大提高作图、运算和数据处理的效率和效果,为数学实验和其他数学实践活动提供了有力的支持,这使得几何画板成为了研究数学的重要工具．实践表明,几何画板在中考数学命题中发挥着重要作用．本文中例谈几何画板在破解中考数学试题命题思路和助力中考试题命制上的应用．     

双钻头打孔机作业的优化模型

对于双钻头打孔机的孔群加工问题分为两部分解决.首先建立刀具转换次数最少的优化模型.将钻头A和钻头B每阶段使用某一刀具的状态设为0-1变量建立模型,用LINGO程序求解.另外根据10种孔型所需刀具及加工次序,将整个双钻头打孔作业任务分成3个阶段,在每一阶段,以打孔个数较多的钻头刀具作为基准刀具,使用贪心算法遍历打孔;另一个刀具以两钻头距离大于3cm为约束,确定可行点集合,在可行点集合中制定最优打孔路线,进而可求打孔作业总时间,作业总成本.     

平稳过程在牙轮钻头井底模式分析中的应用

为了提高石油钻井速度，本文应用平稳过程于牙轮钻头井底模式分析，给出了分析方法和计算步骤，其结果直接服务于优化站井和钻头的优化设计。     

带固定效应面板数据空间误差模型的分位回归估计

本文研究了含有个体固定效应的面板数据空间误差模型,基于工具变量法给出了估计模型未知参数的分位回归方法.随机模拟结果显示,工具变量分位回归估计是处理空间面板数据的有效手段,且明显优于均值回归方法.     

打孔机生产效能的提高

本文以2012年“深圳杯”全国大学生数学建模夏令营D题为背景,对打孔机钻孔线路问题的数学模型及算法进行了分析,根据问题的具体情况,分别就单钻头作业与双钻头作业进行了简化和分解,对常用的几种启发式算法的适用性进行了探讨。     

Geometric modeling and validation of twist drills with a generic point profile

Traditionally, twist drills with a few specific point geometry, such as planar, conical, cylindrical, ellipsoidal or hyperboloidal, have been designed and adapted for specific applications. Using CAD, the point geometry can be given a generic definition which will enhance the freedom to design drills with different point profiles and optimize them for multiple objectives. Such a definition can also be used for several downstream applications. This paper presents a methodology to model the twist drills with generic point geometry using NURBS. To begin with, a detailed basic model for a fluted twist drill with sectional geometry made up of arcs and straight lines has been presented in terms of bi-parametric surface patches. The coordinates of cutting lips and chisel edge of the drill have been obtained as solution to a surface-curve intersection problem using optimization algorithm. Subsequently, the model has been generalized by employing NURBS to represent the curves whereby the cutting edges and angles can be altered simply by changing the control points or their respective weights. Using this methodology, the generic definitions of the conventional angles on the drill point have been derived and presented. The proposed model has been illustrated in MATLAB environment and validated experimentally for a conical and an arbitrary point geometry. The experiments show a good conformity with the theoretical evaluations.     

A contribution to efficient calculation of complex drill string dynamics for deep hole drilling

This paper presents a hybrid model to describe drill string dynamics for deep hole drilling. Generally, a typical rotary drill string has a length of several kilometers, but the diameter is less than half a meter. Due to the large ratio of length to diameter, a drill string is a very flexible system. Consequently, an operating drill string is always affected by axial, torsional and lateral vibrations, which potentially induce serious failures. In order to avoid fatal defects, simulations to forecast vibrations are necessary. The simulation should be capable to exhibit the complex dynamical phenomena, e.g. sick-slip, forward whirl and backward whirl, and interactions between drill string and borehole. Usually, these simulations are very time-consuming. In this work, a hybrid model consisting of lumped masses connected with weightless beam elements representing the drill string is developed. The interaction between the drill string and the borehole is implemented by unilateral constraints to describe the nonlinear contact behavior. It was shown that accuracy and simulating time were improved by this model with respect to classical finite-element models. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

井下钻柱纵向横向耦合振动模型建立与数值分析

针对井下钻柱运动的复杂性,基于动力学理论,建立了井下钻柱纵向和横向耦合振动的数学模型,并进行数值求解及分析.根据井下钻柱的实际工况,以整个井下钻柱为研究对象,提出了钻柱纵向和横向耦合振动的动力方程,并利用解析法和无量纲法分别求解出其动刚度和动阻尼的表达式,以及钻柱前两阶振动的固有频率.分析结果表明:当井下钻柱振动频率增大时,其动刚度呈幅值衰减的周期性变化,而其动阻尼呈幅值增强的周期性变化;井下钻柱长度和横截面面积越大,其动刚度和动阻尼的幅值越小;井下钻柱的Poisson(泊松)比对其振动的动刚度、动阻尼和前两阶固有频率没有影响;同时,井下钻柱的第二阶固有频率始终大于第一阶固有频率.该文的研究方法和模型为井下钻柱钻具分析和结果优化提供了理论参考和实际意义.     

军用飞机维修质量管理的最优线性分派评估

在军机维修工作中,科学有效的管理,对及时完成维修任务,保障训练作战计划至关重要.在建立适合我军军机维修质量评估指标体系的基础上,定义了理想方案和贴近度,给出了排序频数的计算方法,进而将军机维修质量评估问题转化为最优线性分派问题来处理,从而为军机维修质量管理提供了一种科学、可靠的决策方法.     

On the Wellbore Contact of Drill Strings in a Finite Element Model

In drill string dynamics the Finite Element Method is usually applied to models of very long drill strings in a wellbore with arbitrary curvature. Taking account of geometrical constraint between the drill string and the wellbore, a high density of nodes is necessary. This density is much higher than the one needed to describe the natural vibrations properly, so this firstly leads to an extension of the computing time. A penalty function is frequently utilized to describe the contact problem between the drill string and the wellbore where the contact normal force acts only on the nodal points of the drill string. It was recognized that only node-to-surface contact models cannot fulfill this geometrical constraint, because the segment between two nodal points deeply penetrates the wellbore wall in some cases. A process with Gaussian points along the segment in time domain will be introduced, so that the drill string will be described according to this geometrical constraint with good accuracy but with a smaller density of nodes and less computing time. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

大挠度钻柱强度分析的平衡微分方程法

对小井眼、大曲率井中钻柱强度问题,以井轴为基准轴,在对井轴弯挠描述和钻柱微段三维受力变形分析的基础上,建立大位移钻柱平衡微分方程,采用Longe-Kutta法解之求内力,并依此求应力和建立强度条件.对H767侧钻水平井施工中钻柱应力计算分析,结果说明与有限元模型和弹性化软绳模型比较相吻合,该模型比有限元模型计算简捷方便;比弹性化软绳模型更完善可信;该井钻柱破坏事故愿因在于井眼曲率过大,兼有应力集中.     

Modeling of the dynamic phenomena “stick-slip” and “whirl” of a drill string demonstrator

Vibrations of drill strings in oil and gas well bores can reduce drilling performance or lead to damage of drill string components. These vibrations are neither optically observable nor measurable because of the geological formation. Hence usually simulations are used to understand the dynamic behavior. The test stand “OSTrator” adds more insight to this problem. The demonstrator represents a scaled drill rig granting direct access to the complex dynamic behavior of the real drill string. Two phenomena are of special interest: the stick-slip effect, a torsional oscillation, and the whirl effect, a periodic torsional-lateral movement with permanent wall contact. Since the OSTrator was built for showcase purposes, it has to be piloted in and out Stick-Slip and Whirl domains by a control algorithm. Therefore efficient multi-body-systems able to represent these two effects in faster than real time are demanded. In this presentation, the modeling of the stick-slip and the whirl effect are discussed. The models should be able to predict these effects and supply data to avoid or confront them. Key questions are the modeling of the wall contact and the resistance at the drill bit. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Toward determination of the eigenvalues of problems on description of the rotation of deep-water drill columns

This paper presents a method for computing the complex eigenvalues for a boundary-value problem describing the rotation of deep-water drill columns for drilling at depths of thousands of meters. A solution is sought for a singularly perturbed boundary-value problem in the form of an asymptotic expansion in a small parameter ε for two parts of the of the drill column: a lower compressed length, and the upper length. The method can be used to investigate the stability of drill columns used for deep-water drilling. Translated fromDinamicheskie Sistemy. Vol. 12. pp. 29–36, 1993.     

气体钻井钻柱气固耦合横向振动数学模型的建立与控制

根据钻柱力学和动量守恒基本理论,建立了考虑气体钻井液对钻柱内外耦合影响时的钻柱横向振动模型,此模型与一般的梁式结构的振动模型不同,它包含了钻柱轴力、钻柱内注入压力、环空压力和钻柱内气体对钻柱振动的影响.同时给出边界条件和初始条件.通过把系统外激励函数当作控制变量,利用Banach空间几何性质证明了此系统存在唯一最优控制元.     

Analysis of the Dynamics of Slender Continua Using Karhunen-Loève-Transformation

The dynamics of continua with very small diameter–to–length ratio, like bridges or drill–strings, has been object of mechanical analysis for a long time. While it is often possible to create a well–suited mechanical model, it is difficult to determine the exact current loads and the exact operational state. For drill–strings, the load of the drill–bit depends on the material of the rock, but also on other unknown disturbances like differential sticking which can occur along the drill–string without being noticed directly. Karhunen–Loève–Transformation (KLT) provides a possibility to describe the dynamics of a continuous system with few Characteristic Functions (CF), as long as the motion of the system is stationary. On the other hand, the resulting CFs of the KLT are sensitive to changes in the dynamic system behavior. These changes can result e. g. from the occurrence of stick–slip of the bit or differential sticking of the string. On the basis of a simple model, we show that this sensitivity can be used to detect and characterize such changes. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)