氢化物负压发生器—真空无火焰原子化器的原子吸收光谱法测定碲

在负压发生器中用1％NaBH_4将Te(Ⅳ)还原成碲化氢后,再加入2mL氧气,用真空泵将氧与碲化氢的混合物吸进电热真空石英管中,同时测定原子吸收光谱。加入的氧与硼氢化钠分解产生的氢反应生成水分子,消除了氢对碲的干扰。     

氢化物原子荧光法测定化探试样中锑和铋

氢化物原子荧光法是近几年来发展起来的一种新的痕量分析方法。该法操作简便,灵敏度高,能满足测定化探样品中痕量锑和铋的要求。本法采用锑、铋无极放电灯作为激发光源,将试样溶液加入氢化物发生器的反应瓶中,以硼氢化钾作还原剂,生成锑化氢及铋化氢气体,在氩-氢火焰中受热分解和原子化,它们吸收由无极放电灯辐射出来的特征谱线后,发出荧光信号。由于原子荧光谱线的荧光强度与试液中锑、铋的含量成线性关系,所以根据测定的荧光信号值即可求出化探样品中锑及铋的     

共价氢化物在光度分析中的应用

Ⅰ.氢化物发生分光光度测定铋 基于铋化氢与二乙胺二硫代甲酸银(AgDDC)反应生成有色物,提出一个测定铋的分光光度新方法。用硼氢化钾、氯化钠、铝粉(重量比2:1:5)还原后,0.5N盐酸介质中,15-25℃,将秘离子转化为秘化氢。5.0 ml AgDDC氯仿溶液(0.2%)吸收,有色物最大吸收为425nm,摩尔吸光系数4.6 × 10⁴ l·mol^-1·cm^-1.     

氢化物发生分光光度测定铋

微量铋的分光光度测定,过去多用硫脲、碘化钾、二甲酚橙和偶氮肿Ⅲ等作显色剂,这些方法或灵敏度较低、干扰因素多,或操作手续繁杂,不易掌握。近年来,文献中又提出一些新的测定铋的分光光度法,尚未广泛应用。我们在酸性介质中用硼氢化钾将溶液中铋离子转化成铋化氢,再用二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银(简称AgDDC)氯仿溶液吸收,所得有色溶液在一定浓度范围内,其吸光度与铋量成正     

氢化物负压发生,夹带氧气的真空无火焰原子吸收测量技术测定砷、锑、硒和锡

在负压氢化物发生器中用1％NaBH_4将砷、锑、硒和锡还原成氢化物后,加入一定量氧气,用真空泵将氧与氢化物的混合物吸入到电热石英管中,同时用原子吸收仪器测定。加入的氧与来自硼氢化钠分解产生的氢反应,生成气态水分子,因而消除了氢对测量元素的干扰。     

共价氢化物与汞离子反应的研究 Ⅲ．高灵敏度痕量铋分析方法

本文详细研究了铋化氢与汞离子反应条件，建立了一个氢化物发生－冷原子荧光法间接测定痕量铋的新方法。此法用于测定水及铜合金中的痕量铋，简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好，水中铋的检测限为０．５ｎｇ／ｍＬ，回收率为９５％～１０５％。     

原子吸收光谱法测定镍基合金中痕量铋

镍基合金中痕量铋的测定,在仪器分析中多数用石墨炉法,氢化物法进行测定.本法运用混合酸溶解镍基合金.然后运用电化学原理将铋析出于阴极,再用硝酸溶解,用原子吸收分光光度法在空气-乙炔火焰中对铋进行测定.本法可测定0.1μg·ml~(-1)的铋,铋的回收率达98%,精密度为1%,结果令人满意.1 仪器与试剂310型原子吸收分光光度计(上海分析仪器厂)铂网阴极;螺旋式阳极混合酸(氢氟酸 浓硝酸 浓盐酸=1 10 2)试剂均为分析纯2 分析方法称取10g镍基合金(含10%Co、8%Cr、6%Mo,1%Ti、6%Al和4%Ta,并在溶解前加入不同量的铋作回收试验),在铂皿中加混合酸10ml,加热溶解后再加H_2SO_4(1 1)20ml,用水稀释至约300ml,加入二盐酸肼8g以分解铋的络合物,制成溶液A,再配制两个含铜的溶液,将3.2g高纯度紫铜溶于HNO_3(1 1)20ml中,煮沸,稀释至1L,制成溶液B.取B溶液80ml,加入浓HNO_(3)120ml及H_2SO_4(1 1)400ml.将此混合液用水稀至4L,制成溶液C.     

共价氢化物与汞离子反应的研究：Ⅲ.高灵敏度痕量饿分析方法

本文详细研究了铋化氢与汞离子反应条件，建立了一个氢化物发生－冷原子荧光法间接痕量铋的新方法，此法用于测定水及铜合金中的痕量铋、简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好，水中铋的检测限为０．５ｎｇ／ｍＬ，回收率为９５％－１０５％。     

简易氢化物-常规火焰原子吸收法测定化探试样中痕量铋

氢化物原子光谱法是近年来国内外分析工作者的研究课题,文献已对氢化物原子光谱法的进展作了综述。本文拟介绍一种简易氢化物发生器与常规空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收分析相结合的方法。氢化物发生器中产生的氢化物通过聚乙烯塑料管被常规火焰法喷雾器吸进雾化室送到空气-乙炔火焰中,同时读取被测元素吸光度峰值。铋的检出限可达0.3ppb,单次测定的相对标准偏差不大于1％。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法在铋矿石化学物相分析中的应用

取铋矿石试样(0.500 0g),用抗坏血酸0.5g和1mol·L~(-1)盐酸溶液50mL,于25℃振荡提取30min,经致密滤纸过滤。取其滤液制成含20%(体积分数,下同)盐酸的试液100.0mL,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定其中的氧化矿铋的含量。将上述过滤中的滤纸及其不溶物用盐酸羟胺0.5g和50%盐酸溶液25mL于100℃水浴中浸取1h后,加水25mL并过滤,取其滤液制成含20%盐酸的试液100.0mL,用ICP-AES测定其中的辉铋矿铋。将上述过滤后所得滤纸及其不溶物移入瓷坩埚中,升温至800℃灰化2h。冷却后,将坩埚中的不溶物用盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+2)混合酸20mL加热溶解并蒸缩至约10mL,加入20%盐酸溶液10mL并定容至50.0mL,用原子荧光光度计(AFS)测定其中自然铋矿铋的含量。另取铋矿石样品0.500 0g,用上述混合酸20mL加热溶解并蒸缩至约10mL,加入20%盐酸溶液20mL,并定容至100.0mL,用ICP-AES测定其全铋量。ICP-AES校准曲线的线性范围在10.00mg·L~(-1)以内,铋的检出限(3S/N)为3.0μg·g~(-1)。用所提出方法和常用的比色法对3个样品中的全铋、氧化矿铋和辉铋矿铋分别进行测定,两种方法所得结果相互一致。     

Determination of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and tin by low pressure atomic absorption spectrometry with a quartz tube furnace atomizer and hydride generation with air addition

A new method has been developed for the determination of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, selenium, tellurium and tin by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry in an electrically heated quartz tube furnace under sub-atmospheric pressure. The hydride generator, operating at a pressure lower than atmospheric, is used to generate and collect the hydrides of these elements. A certain volume (at atmospheric pressure) of air is then added to the generator after the formation of the volatile hydride. The gaseous mixture of the hydride and air is drawn into an evacuated, heated quartz tube by a vacuum pump. The proposed method gives improved sensitivities and detection limits.     

碱性体系在线氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定痕量铋

提出了一种碱性体系在线氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法测定痕量铋的分析方法。设计了在线氢化物发生系统流路及操作程序，研究了碱性体系氢化物发生的各项最佳条件。方法操作简便快速，能有效地消除过渡元素的严重化学干扰。应用于黄铜标样中痕量铋的直接测定，获得满意结果。     

Sequential determination of tin, arsenic, bismuth and antimony in marine sediment material by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using a small concentric hydride generator and L-cysteine as prereductant

A hydride generation system using a small concentric hydride generator combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was established to determine tin, arsenic, bismuth and antimony in a marine sediment material with L-cysteine as a pre-reductant. Influences of concentrations of three kinds of acids (HCl, HNO₃ and HClO₄), L-cysteine, and sodium tetrahydroborate(III) as well as sodium hydroxide were investigated. The interferences from transition ions were found to be insignificant for determination of the four elements in presence of L-cysteine. Under optimized conditions the detection limits were 0.6 ng/mL for arsenic(III), 0.8 ng/mL for antimony(III), 1.7 ng/mL for tin(IV), and 1.2 ng/mL for bismuth(III). The method was applied to determine the four elements in standard marine sediment materials and the results were in agreement with certified values.     

Non-dispersive atomic-fluorescence spectrometry of trace amounts of bismuth by introduction of its gaseous hydride into a premixed argon (entrained air)-hydrogen flame

A method has been developed for the determination of bismuth by generation of its gaseous hydride and introduction of the hydride into a premixed argon (entrained air)-hydrogen flame, the atomic-fluorescence lines from which are all detected by use of a non-dispersive system. The detection limit is 5 pg/ml, or 0.1 ng of bismuth, but the reagent blank found in a 20-ml sample volume was approximately 2 ng of bismuth. Analytical working curves obtained by measuring peak-heights and integrated peak-areas of the signals are linear over a range of about four orders of magnitude from the detection limit. Perchloric, phosphoric and sulphuric acids up to 2.0M concentration give no interference, but nitric acid gives slight depression of the signal. The presence of silver, gold, nickel, palladium, platinum, selenium and tellurium in 1000-fold ratio to bismuth causes pronounced depression of the signal, whereas mercury and tin slightly enhance the atomic-fluorescence signal. The method has been applied to the determination of bismuth in aluminium-base alloys and sulphide ores with use of the standard additions method. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by flame atomic-absorption spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma.     

Sequential determination of tin, arsenic, bismuth and antimony in marine sediment material by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using a small concentric hydride generator and L-cysteine as prereductant

A hydride generation system using a small concentric hydride generator combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was established to determine tin, arsenic, bismuth and antimony in a marine sediment material with L-cysteine as a pre-reductant. Influences of concentrations of three kinds of acids (HCl, HNO₃ and HClO₄), L-cysteine, and sodium tetrahydroborate(III) as well as sodium hydroxide were investigated. The interferences from transition ions were found to be insignificant for determination of the four elements in presence of L-cysteine. Under optimized conditions the detection limits were 0.6 ng/mL for arsenic(III), 0.8 ng/mL for antimony(III), 1.7 ng/mL for tin(IV), and 1.2 ng/mL for bismuth(III). The method was applied to determine the four elements in standard marine sediment materials and the results were in agreement with certified values. Received: 4 September 1997 / Revised: 14 October 1997 / Accepted: 7 November 1997     

An oblique section hydride generator for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony and bismuth in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Summary An oblique section hydride generator is developed for use in combination with inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry. The generator offers less interferences from concomitant ions and transition metal ions when compared with the conventional hydride generators reported in literature. The emission signals and the detection limits of the analytes are also improved. The recommended hydride generator has been applied to the determination of arsenic at g/g level and antimony and bismuth at subg/g level in geological standard reference materials. A good agreement is achieved between the data obtained by the present study and the certified values.

---

Abgeschrägter Hydridgenerator für die Simultanbestimmung von As, Sb und Bi in geologischen Proben durch ICP-AES

     

Semi-automated method for the determination of bismuth in rocks

A rapid and accurate method for the determination of bismuth in rock samples is described. Automated equipment is used to generate bismuth hydride from solutions of rock samples prepared by digestion with a mixture of hydrofluoric and perchloric acids. The evolved hydride is carried to a heated quartz tube by a stream of argon, and the atomic absorption of bismuth recorded. Thiosemicarbazide and 1,10-phenanthroline are used as masking agents to minimize interferences from copper and nickel. As little as 20 ng Bi g^-1 can be determined; the average r.s.d. is 5.4%. Results obtained for six USGS standard rocks are in close agreement with the recommended values obtained by an isotope dilution technique.     

Flame-in-gas-shield miniature flame hydride atomizers for ultra trace element determination by chemical vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Flame-in-gas shield miniature hydride atomizers (FIGS) have been investigated and evaluated in view of their alternative use to miniature diffusion flame hydride atomizer (MDF) to determination of hydride forming elements by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Chemical vapour generation (CVG) by aqueous phase derivatization by NaBH₄ in a continuous flow generator (CF) was employed for the generation of volatile hydrides of As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te and Sn. A dispersive AFS apparatus using electrodeless discharge lamps (EDL) as the excitation sources has been employed for both spectra acquisition and analytical determinations. The characteristics of FIGS in terms of background emission spectra, most intense AF spectral lines and limits of detection were compared with those of most popular MDF. FIGS presents a lower background emission with respect to MDF, allowing also the control of the molecular fluorescence of OH radicals in the determination of bismuth. Limits of detection for FIGS compare very well with to those obtained by MDF giving improvement factor of 5.5, 4.4, 3.6, 3.6, 0.7 an 0.5 for Bi, As, Se, Son, Te and Sb. Accuracy of FIGS has proven by determination of arsenic and antimony in seawater (NASS-5) and river water (SRLS-4) certified reference materials and bismuth in unalloyed copper (CuV 398, CuVI 399) standard reference materials by dispersive CVG-AFS.     

HCl沉淀分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定银锭中锑和铋

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定银锭中铋和锑。用HCl沉淀分离银,滤液还原后利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铋和锑。方法检出限:Bi和Sb分别为0.02mg/kg和0.002mg/kg;回收率91%～96%;RSD小于1.2%。方法能同时准确测定铋和锑且检出限极低,测定结果与国家标准方法一致。