PVDF压电薄膜在应力波测量中的应用

综合介绍了PVDF压力传感器的测试原理、动态标定实验，并采用定制的PVDF压力传感器测量了不同类型分层介质在冲击载荷作用下的压力衰减，说明了PVDF压力传感器在压力测量中有着很好的前景．     

微型硅谐振式力传感器的振动分析

介绍了谐振式力传感器的工作原理，并从理论上和实验上对中科院合肥智能所研制的第一代微型硅谐振梁（３×０．４×０．０４５ｍｍ＾３）式测力传感器进行了全面的振动分析，所得结构为其进一步优化设计提供了科学根据，文中使用的实验分析方法，为其它微小物体的动态和识别提供了一条有效途径。     

着靶时引信发火机构的实验研究

本文重点介绍用于引信发火机构着靶实验的模拟测试技术和系统，并研制了专门的电涡流位移传感器，用于击针－惯性筒系统的位移测量．实验测得的着靶参数是分析引信发火机构运动规律的前提，同时也为火工品动态特性的深入研究创造了条件．     

动态压阻传感器量测系统动态误差分析

在简略介绍动态压阻传感器量测系统的基础上,本文着重阐述了用实验手段确定量测系统数学表达式的方法和量测系统动态响应的计算。供工程技术人员进行量测系统方案设计和动态误差分析时参考。     

带传感器骨外固定器的力学特性实验分析

通过对自行研制的带传感器骨外固定器动态力学特性的实验分析,测取其力学特征参数,证实这种新型骨折治疗器具的可行性。     

支架振动主动控制的实验研究

用实验方法研究了支架振动主动控制。结果表明，用压电陶瓷片作传感器和作动器，采用速度反馈控制，无论是谐和激励还是随机激励，支架振动都能得到有效抑制。振动控制中压电陶瓷片作传感器既简便易行，又减少了附加质量对被控结构动态特性的影响。     

静电陀螺仪用光纤传感器实验研究

以静电陀螺仪用光纤传感器原理样机为基础，开展了信号拾取的实验研究。基于球形模拟转子的实验表明，该光纤传感器能够满足静电陀螺仪极轴信号拾取的灵敏度要求。文中分析了影响光纤传感器信号拾取性能的相关因素，设计了光纤准直器的有关参数，提出了光纤传感器小型化的设想，为光纤传感器的实用提供了参考。     

基于动态特性补偿的冲击波测试数据处理方法

利用激波管对传感器进行动态标定,采用特殊白化滤波器广义最小二乘迭代法建立冲击波测试传感器的数学模型并对其动态特性进行分析,提出采用基于零极点相消原理补偿法来对传感器动态特性进行补偿。实际试验的测试数据处理应用表明,基于动态特性补偿的数据处理方法能够提高传感器动态特性和冲击波测试数据的准确度。     

介质与静压对激波管校准压阻式绝压传感器动态特性的影响

激波管通常用于动态压力传感器的校准,压阻式绝压传感器在激波管校准过程当中,会出现谐振频率等动态性能指标随着激波管静态压力环境、气体介质变化而改变的情况,影响传感器动态特性的校准。基于压阻式传感器的工作原理,对传感器的敏感膜片结构进行了机理分析,建立了膜片结构与校准环境中介质和静压关系的动态模型;通过ANSYS与SIMULINK软件开展了数值模拟验证工作,模拟结果与理论推导一致。通过激波管校准实验验证了气体介质与静压的影响关系,结果表明:传感器的谐振频率与静压间存在非线性关系,并且随着敏感膜片径厚比的增大而显著增大;系统阻尼比大小与气体介质有关,随着气体密度的降低而升高;传感器的灵敏度与气体介质和静压无太大直接关系。在使用激波管校准压阻式绝压传感器时,应当考虑介质与静压参数对校准结果的影响。     

时域动态校准实验数据处理方法

本文提出一套时域动态校准的实验数据处理方法。它可以根据时域动态校准的实验数据,求出被校传感器(或系统)的参数模型(差分方程,离散传递函数与连续传递函数),非参数模型(频率特性和阶跃响应等)与动态性能指标,同时还有检查模型回归效果的功能,可将模型计算的瞬态响应与动态校准的实验数据画在同一坐标纸上,数学模型质量的优劣便一目了然。 无论时域或频域建立参数模型时,都采用了一定方式排除测量噪声干扰。所以,由参数模型计算的频率特性,比直接由实验数据用FFT算法算出的更符合线性模型的性质。由参数模型计算的阶跃响应与频率特性上计算时域与频域的动态性能指标才比较合理。文中给出一个传感器与放大器的动态校准的实验数据处理结果。     

基于主列筛选的动态测试传感器配置方法研究

动态测试是获取结构真实动态特性的重要手段之一,传感器配置对于保证动态测试数据的信息量有着重要的影响. 尤其是对以试验模态分析为目标的动态测试,传感器配置对于模态分辨率更是决定性因素. 在振型独立性的基础上,提出了一种基于主列筛选的传感器配置方法. 与现有的逐步累积类或逐步消减类方法相比,该方法无需迭代,一次选择所有测试自由度,计算量小. 为了量化比较传感器配置的效果,定义了4个度量指标. 采用卫星天线模型进行了数值仿真,结果验证了基于主列筛选的传感器配置方法的有效性.      

精密离心机动平衡测试新方法的研究

提出了一种新的动平衡测试方法,即在精密离心机机座下放置三个地脚,用一个测力传咸器代替其中一个地脚,分析了测力传感器的输出信号,静态测试测得静不平衡,对静不平衡在双校正面上进行了分离,后,动态测试测得偶不平衡,对偶不平衡在双校正面上也进行了分离,该测试方法大提高了动平衡的精度,同时,硬支承刚性转子情况下,动平衡测试的一般方法难以达到高精度动平衡的要求,而这一问题在本文得以解决。     

The effect of bonding layer properties on the dynamic behaviour of surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors

The dynamic behaviour of piezoelectric sensors depends on the bonding condition along the interface between the sensors and the host structure. This paper provides a comprehensive theoretical study of the effect of the bonding layer on the coupled electromechanical characteristics of a piezoelectric sensor bonded to an elastic substrate, which is subjected to a high frequency elastic wave. A sensor model with a viscoelastic bonding layer, which undergoes a shear deformation, is proposed to simulate the two dimensional electromechanical behaviour of the integrated system. Analytical solution of the problem is provided by using Fourier transform and solving the resulting integral equations in terms of the interfacial stress. Numerical simulation is conducted to study the effect of the bonding layer upon the dynamic response of the sensor under different loading frequencies. The results indicate that the modulus and the thickness of the bonding layer have significant effects on sensor response, but the viscosity of the bonding layer is relatively less important.     

Numerical vibration analysis on defect detection in revolving machines using two bearing models

Summary Monitoring by vibration measurement and analysis is largely used in the industry for detection of defects in revolving parts of machines. The determination of good sensor positions is one of the main research goals in the field of predictive maintenance. This paper proposes a numerical methodology based on the FEM and spectral analysis in order to find the optimum sensor positions. Bearings are key components in the vibration propagation from moving parts to immobile ones. Two existing nonlinear models of bearings are recalled and implemented in a FE code. The obtained tangent stiffness matrices of bearings are then put in the global system to-study the dynamic behaviour. The dynamic response of the whole system under defect excitations is used to determine the optimum sensor placements for the defect detection in the predictive maintenance.     

Dynamic stability analysis of finite element modeling of piezoelectric composite plates

The dynamic stability of negative-velocity feedback control of piezoelectric composite plates using a finite element model is investigated. Lyapunov’s energy functional based on the derived general governing equations of motion with active damping is used to carry out the stability analysis, where it is shown that the active damping matrix must be positive semi-definite to guarantee the dynamic stability. Through this formulation, it is found that imperfect collocation of piezoelectric sensor/actuator pairs is not sufficient for dynamic stability in general and that ignoring the in-plane displacements of the midplane of the composite plate with imperfectly collocated piezoelectric sensor/actuator pairs may cause significant numerical errors, leading to incorrect stability conclusions. This can be further confirmed by examining the complex eigenvalues of the transformed linear first-order state space equations of motion. To overcome the drawback of finding all the complex eigenvalues for large systems, a stable state feedback law that satisfies the second Lyapunov’s stability criteria strictly is proposed. Numerical results based on a cantilevered piezoelectric composite plate show that the feedback control system with an imperfectly collocated PZT sensor/actuator pair is unstable, but asymptotic stability can be achieved by either bonding the PZT sensor/actuator pair together or changing the ply stacking sequence of the composite substrate to be symmetric. The performance of the proposed stable controller is also demonstrated. The presented stability analysis is of practical importance for effective design of asymptotically stable control systems as well as for choosing an appropriate finite element model to accurately predict the dynamic response of smart piezoelectric composite plates.     

Development of a PVDF sensor array for measurement of the impulsive pressure generated by cavitation bubble collapse

To study the impulsive pressure generated by cavitation bubble collapse, a PVDF piezoelectric array of pressure sensors is developed. The sensor array is fabricated directly on a 25 μm thick aluminum-metalized polarized PVDF film using a laser micro-machining technique. Dynamic calibration of the sensor array is accomplished in a gas shock tube. The average response time of the PVDF sensors to the fast-rising gas dynamic shock is found as fast as 31 ns. The array sensor is then attached on the solid boundary attacked by the collapse of the bubble. The features and the possible mechanisms of the impulsive pressure are discussed. The high sensitivity, low crosstalk, and low cost of the PVDF sensor array indicates its applicability in high amplitude impulsive field measurements.     

振动工程中智能结构的研究进展

介绍了智能结构的概念,评述了近年来用于振动工程中的智能结构所研究的几个基本问题：传感器,作动器,智能结构动力学建模及其振动控制,传感／作动器在结构中的优化配置,并提出了建议研究的几个问题：作动／传感材料的研究、集成技术的研究、控制器的研究和结构控制一体化优化技术     

Experimental validation of a dynamic resonant wall shear stress sensor

Experimental measurements are used to validate a numerical model of a dynamic resonant wall shear stress sensor. The numerical model consists of an unsteady two-dimensional boundary-layer model for the flow and a simple mechanical model for the sensor itself. The sensor’s sensitivity to wall shear stress is experimentally determined in a flat-plate boundary layer, and the results agree closely with those from the numerical simulations. Using the validated model, it is determined that the energy lost in each sensor oscillation due to the interaction between the sensor and fluid increases with increasing mean wall shear stress.     

Dynamic calibration technique for thermal shear-stress sensors with mean flow

This paper presents the development of a dynamic calibration technique for thermal shear-stress sensors using acoustic plane wave excitation. The technique permits the independent variation in the mean and fluctuating shear stresses. The theoretical development and the practical implementation of the technique are presented. The studied configuration has the capability to dynamically calibrate shear-stress sensors up to 20 kHz. An illustrative application of this technique to an uncompensated silicon micromachined thermal shear-stress sensor operated in constant current mode is discussed. Specifically, the sensor has been statically calibrated over a range of wall shear stress from 7 to 80 mPa. A dynamic calibration of the sensor over a range of 2–12 mPa has been performed up to 7 kHz.