Planar superstrate for dual-frequency RHCP-LHCP array

Patch antennas are low profile, lightweight and most suitable for aerospace and mobile applications. In recent years Fabry–Pérot cavities and meta-surfaces have been used as superstrates to improve the radiation performance of planar antennas (Saenz et al., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 56(4), 2008; Iriarte et al., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 57(1), 2009) such as directivity, mutual coupling on array configuration and bandwidth. These structures usually work for a single polarization and frequency band, while an increasing number of applications require multifrequency operation. In this paper a Fabry–Pérot cavity that works with dual-polarized and dual-frequency patch antennas (rectangular patch excited orthogonally) is proposed in order to design high-directivity dual-frequency RHCP-LHCP Arrays.     

Parameter estimation for chaotic systems with a Drift Particle Swarm Optimization method

Inspired by the motion of electrons in metal conductors in an electric field, we propose a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), called Drift Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) algorithm, and apply it in estimating the unknown parameters of chaotic dynamic systems. The principle and procedure of DPSO are presented, and the algorithm is used to identify Lorenz system and Chen system. The experiment results show that for the given parameter configurations, DPSO can identify the parameters of the systems accurately and effectively, and it may be a promising tool for chaotic system identification as well as other numerical optimization problems in physics.     

A chaotic quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization based on lateral inhibition for image matching

A novel Chaotic Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Lateral Inhibition (LI-CQPSO) is proposed in this paper, which is used to solve complicated image matching problems. As one of the meta-heuristic algorithms inspired by biological behaviors, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been successfully applied to image matching. However, high computational complexity and premature convergence of PSO are the main drawbacks that limit its further application. In this work, the proposed LI-CQPSO which combines advantages of chaos theory, quantum and lateral inhibition could have better performance. Chaos can guarantee the PSO escaping from local best, quantum can make the traditional PSO with better searching performance as well as having fewer parameters to control, and lateral inhibition is applied to extract the edge of the images by sharpening the spatial profile of excitation in response to a localized stimulus. The detailed process of LI-CQPSO is also given. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are illustrated in solving image matching problems by series of comparative experiments with PSO, QPSO, and LI-PSO.     

Evaluation of an adaptive beamforming method for hearing aids.

In this paper evaluations of a two-microphone adaptive beamforming system for hearing aids are presented. The system, based on the constrained adaptive beamformer described by Griffiths and Jim [IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. AP-30, 27-34 (1982)], adapts to preserve target signals from straight ahead and to minimize jammer signals arriving from other directions. Modifications of the basic Griffiths-Jim algorithm are proposed to alleviate problems of target cancellation and misadjustment that arise in the presence of strong target signals. The evaluations employ both computer simulations and a real-time hardware implementation and are restricted to the case of a single jammer. Performance is measured by the spectrally weighted gain in the target-to-jammer ratio in the steady state. Results show that in environments with relatively little reverberation: (1) the modifications allow good performance even with misaligned arrays and high input target-to-jammer ratios; and (2) performance is better with a broadside array with 7-cm spacing between microphones than with a 26-cm broadside or a 7-cm endfire configuration. Performance degrades in reverberant environments; at the critical distance of a room, improvement with a practical system is limited to a few dB.     

An equivalent roughness model for seabed backscattering at very high frequencies using a band-matrix approach

This work concerns modeling of very high frequency (>100 kHz) sonar images obtained from a sandy seabed. The seabed is divided into a discrete number of ID height profiles. For each height profile the backscattered pressure is computed by an integral equation method for interface scattering between two homogeneous media as formulated by Chan [IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 46, 142-149 (1998)]. However, the seabed is inhomogeneous, and volume scattering is a major contributor to backscattering. The SAX99 experiments revealed that the density in the unconsolidated sediment within the first 5 mm exhibits a high spatial variation. For that reason, additional roughness is introduced: For each surface point a stochastic realization of the density along the vertical is generated, and the sediment depth at which the density has its maximum value will constitute the new height field value. The matrix of the full integral equation is reduced to a band matrix as the interaction between the point sources on the seabed is neglected from a certain range; this allows computations on long height profiles with lengths up to approximately 25 m (at 300 kHz). The equivalent roughness approach, combined with the band-matrix approach, agrees with SAX99 data at 300 kHz.     

A hybrid Particle Chemical Reaction Optimization for biological image matching based on lateral inhibition

In this paper, a hybrid Particle Chemical Reaction Optimization (PCRO) algorithm and lateral inhibition is proposed to solve the image matching problem. Lateral inhibition has the ability to enhance the characters of image, which can help to improve the accuracy of image matching. In order to overcome the shortcomings of basic Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) algorithm, we improve CRO by proposing PCRO which inspired from the thought of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Comparative experimental results in image matching show that our proposed hybrid method performs much better than other bio-inspired algorithms.     

基于粒子群算法的多阈值图像分割方法

在对粒子群优化算法的基本原理和方法进行简要概述的基础上,提出了一种基于粒子群的多阈值图像分割算法。算法采用信息熵构建优化目标函数,提出了新的粒子更新准测,并以此对图像进行了多阈值优化搜索。实验表明,该算法不仅能对图像进行正确的分割,而且还具有稳定性高,易于实现,速度快等特点。     

基于微粒群区域搜索和小波评价的差分式自动聚焦

为进一步提高图像法自动聚焦的性能,提出了一种差分式提取图像边缘的方法,并构造了图像清晰度的小波评价函数,同时利用微粒群(PSO)算法对聚焦区域进行快速搜索。首先,介绍了差分式边缘提取方法及其优势,给出了一种评价区域的选取判据以及基于PSO的高效搜索方法;然后,对小波评价函数参数进行了比较分析和优选;最后,与传统方法进行了对比实验。结果表明,由于采用了差分式提取方法以及新的自适应聚焦窗口和评价函数,聚焦曲线较传统方法具有更高的调焦分辨率,PSO算法的使用使聚焦速度提高了约170 ms,聚焦精度约为2.3μm,同时调焦效果不受初始位置的影响。     

应用粒子群算法进行光学自动设计

将粒子群算法用于光学系统的设计优化中,构造相应的数学模型,并编程实现算法.设计了关于曲率半径r、透镜面之间的距离d和玻璃折射率n等光学系统结构参数的适应度函数,用此函数作为评价函数实现对像差的自动校正.给出用粒子群算法进行光学系统设计的实例.结果证明,粒子群算法可以克服以往光学设计中高度依赖初始结构的缺点,可以自由控制结构参数的搜索范围,从而提高光学系统设计的智能化程度.     

基于混合粒子群优化算法的DV-Hop定位算法

针对无线传感器网络节点定位技术中DV-Hop算法的不足,利用混合粒子群优化算法对DV-Hop算法的位置估计进行校正,提出了一种CCPDV-Hop算法,该方法在不需要任何额外硬件设备和通信开销基础上,将未知节点定位问题抽象为高维最优化问题,并利用混合粒子群优化算法进行求解。仿真实验结果表明,改进的DV-Hop算法与传统方法相比,定位误差显著下降,定位精度和鲁棒性都有明显提高。     

Particle swarm optimization applied to automatic lens design

This paper describes a novel application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique to lens design. A mathematical model is constructed, and merit functions in an optical system are employed as fitness functions, which combined radiuses of curvature, thicknesses among lens surfaces and refractive indices regarding an optical system. By using this function, the aberration correction is carried out. A design example using PSO is given. Results show that PSO as optical design tools is practical and powerful, and this method is no longer dependent on the lens initial structure and can arbitrarily create search ranges of structural parameters of a lens system, which is an important step towards automatic design with artificial intelligence.     

用粒子群优化算法设计光纤布拉格光栅

用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对二元相位取样光栅进行优化设计.实现了利用二元相位取样光栅对多信道色散和色散斜率的同时补偿.设计得到的二元相位取样光栅的反射谱各信道均匀,时延线性好,带宽、色散量和色散斜率可以根据实际的光纤类型来调整,对折射率调制要求较低.由于只有π相移,因此其制作比多级相位取样光栅相对简单.与其他优化方法相比,粒子群优化算法具有简单、收敛速度快等优点.     

Hybrid bio-inspired lateral inhibition and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for complicated image matching

Bio-inspired intelligent algorithms, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), have been applied to solve image matching problems. However, due to high computational complexity and premature convergence problems associated with these methods, they have limitations in defining the global optimal matcher efficiently and accurately. To address these problems, we proposed a hybrid bio-inspired optimization approach, coupling the lateral inhibition mechanism and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), to solve complicated image matching problems. With the adoption of the lateral inhibition mechanism, the global convergence of conventional ICA algorithms has been greatly improved. We demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed approach by extensive comparative experiments.     

用粒子群算法校正三片镜系统的像差（特邀）

提出将粒子群算法用于三片镜光学系统的优化设计。设计了关于曲率半径、透镜面之间的距离、玻璃折射率、系统长度等光学系统结构参数的光学评价函数,用此函数作为粒子群算法中的适应度函数,实现了对光学系统的自动寻优。给出了用粒子群算法进行三片镜光学系统设计过程实例,结果证明：用粒子群算法可以设计出球差、子午场曲、子午光线弥散值都很小的三片镜光学系统;并且用该算法进行光学设计不需要知道系统具体的初始结构,克服了现有光学设计软件高度依赖具体初始结构的缺点,可以自由控制结构参数的搜索范围,从而提高光学系统设计的智能化程度。     

Inverse transient radiation analysis in one-dimensional non-homogeneous participating slabs using particle swarm optimization algorithms

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, including standard PSO, Stochastic PSO, and Multi-Phase PSO, are applied to solve the time-domain inverse transient radiation problems in the present research. Time-resolved transmittance and reflectance signals of four different measuring models serve as the measurement data, which estimate absorption, scattering coefficients, and geometric position within one-dimensional non-homogeneous media by inverse simulation. To check retrieval performances and accuracies of PSO-based approaches, four different inverse transient radiation cases are investigated to deal with one homogeneous layer, two-layer, three-layer, and continuous non-homogenous media. The influences of different searching ranges, swarm sizes, and maximum fly velocities on the fitness function of PSO are discussed. Meanwhile, the effects of measurement errors on the reconstruction accuracy are also investigated. All the results confirm that radiative parameters could be estimated accurately with measurement noise using PSO-based approaches.     

The evolution of cooperation within the multigame environment based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm

This paper studies the evolution of cooperation in a so-called multigame environment based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. In a multigame environment, players use different game payoff matrices and acquire their utilities from their interactions with their neighbors. According to the PSO algorithm, each player updates its strategy according to both the strategy adopted by the player with the highest utility in its neighborhood and the most profitable strategy in their own past actions. Simulation results show that the multigame environment is conducive to the promotion of cooperation. Besides, within the multigame environment, for any player, imitating the most profitable strategy in its past actions promotes cooperation more effectively than imitating the strategy adopted by the player with the highest utility in its neighborhood.     

基于自组织聚类和改进粒子群算法的语音转换方法

提出一种基于自组织聚类,并且利用改进粒子群算法确定转换模型参数的语音转换方法.该方法首先基于自组织特征映射网络对特征参数进行聚类,再对每个聚类分别建立转换规则,并且利用柯西变异的粒子群算法确定每个转换规则中的模型参数.与传统的单一转换规则相比,聚类后建立的多转换规则以及利用改进粒子群算法确定参数能够提高映射关系的准确度,避免参数陷入局部最优点。以女声转男声为例,主观测试表明该方法得到的转换语音与目标的相似度提高了27.6%,平均主观意见分(Mean Opinion Score,MOS)提高了0.6,客观测试也表明该方法谱失真最小,与目标的包络更接近.      

Two-stage adaptive PMD compensation in 40 Gb/s OTDM optical communication system using PSO algorithm

An experiment of two-stage adaptive compensation for polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in a 40 Gb/s optical time-division multiplexed (OTDM) communication system is reported. The PMD monitoring technique based on degree of polarization (DOP) was adopted. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was introduced in adaptive PMD compensation. The comparison was made to estimate the effectiveness between PSO algorithms with global neighborhood structure (GPSO) and with local neighborhood structure (LPSO). The LPSO algorithm is shown to be more effective to search global optimum for PMD compensation than GPSO algorithm. The ability of tracking changed PMD using PSO algorithm was also investigated. The two-stage PMD compensator is shown to be effective for both first- and second-order PMD, and the compensator is shown to be bit rate independent. The optimum searching time is within several hundreds of milliseconds. The response time for recovery from a sharp disturbance is about 11 ms.     

基于微粒群区域搜索和小波评价的差分式自动聚焦

为进一步提高图像法自动聚焦的性能,提出了一种差分式提取图像边缘的方法,并构造了图像清晰度的小波评价函数,同时利用微粒群（PSO）算法对聚焦区域进行快速搜索。首先,介绍了差分式边缘提取方法及其优势,给出了一种评价区域的选取判据以及基于PSO的高效搜索方法;然后,对小波评价函数参数进行了比较分析和优选;最后,与传统方法进行了对比实验。结果表明,由于采用了差分式提取方法以及新的自适应聚焦窗口和评价函数,聚焦曲线较传统方法具有更高的调焦分辨率,PSO算法的使用使聚焦速度提高了约170 ms,聚焦精度约为2.3μm,同时调焦效果不受初始位置的影响。