Ramsey数r（k,l）的新下界公式

本文给出并证明了Ｒａｍｓｅｙ数ｒ（ｋ，ｌ）的一个新下界公式ｒ（ｋ，ｌ）≥１．５（ｋ－１）（ｌ－１），此下界公式与文献［１，２］所给出的下界公式ｒ（ｋ，ｌ）＞（ｎ２＾ｎ／２）／（ｅ√２，ｎ＝ｍｉｎ（ｋ，ｌ）相比，当ｋ，ｌ较小时，或ｋ，ｌ相差较大明要优越。     

线性流形上的矩阵最佳逼近

令Ｓ＝｛Ａ∈Ｒｎ×ｍ｜ｆ１（Ａ）＝‖ＡＸ１－Ｚ１‖２＋‖ＹＴ１Ａ－ＷＴ１‖２＝ｍｉｎ｝，其中Ｘ１∈Ｒｍ×ｋ１，Ｚ１∈Ｒｎ×ｋ１，Ｙ１∈Ｒｎ×１１和Ｗ１∈Ｒｍ×１１均为给定的矩阵，‖·‖是Ｆｒｏｂｅｎｉｕｓ范数。本文考虑如下问题：问题Ⅰ给定Ｘ２∈Ｒｍ×ｋ２，Ｚ２∈Ｒｎ×ｋ２，Ｙ２∈Ｒｎ×ｌ２，Ｗ２∈Ｒｍ×ｌ２，求Ａ∈Ｓ，使得ｆ２（Ａ）＝‖ＡＸ２－Ｚ２‖２＋‖ＹＴ２Ａ－ＷＴ２‖２＝ｍｉｎ．问题Ⅱ给定Ａ∈Ｒｎ×ｍ，求Ａ∈ＳＡ，使得‖Ａ－Ａ‖＝ｉｎｆＡ∈ＳＡ‖Ａ－Ａ‖，其中ＳＡ是问题Ｉ的解集合。本文给出问题Ｉ解集合ＳＡ的通式和问题Ⅱ的解Ａ的表达式，提出了求解问题Ⅰ与Ⅱ的数值方法。许多文献的结果都是本文结果的特例。     

含有零化子为零的f—元的l—环

Ｓｔｕａｒｔ Ａ．Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ在［１］，［２］，［３］中讨论了具有左ｆ－超单位的ｌ－环的一些性质。本文将这些结论推广到含有零化子为零的ｆ－元的ｌ－环。     

有关费马点一个和式的下界问题

设Ｐ是△ＡＢＣ的费马点，记Ｐ点到△ＡＢＣ三个顶点距离之和为ｌ，关于ｌ的下界问题近来不少文章作了探讨．例如文［１］得出的结果是：ｌ＞ｓ，其中ｓ是△ＡＢＣ的半周长．本文得出一个更优的结果，首先引入：引理１［１］ｌ２＝０．５（ａ２＋ｂ２＋ｃ２）＋２３△．引...     

含有零化子为零的f－元的l－环

ＳｔｕａｒｔＡ．Ｓｔｃｉｎｂｅｒｇ在［１］，［２］，［３］中讨论了具有左ｆ－超单位的ｌ－环的一些性质。本文将这些结论推广到含有零化子为零的ｆ－元的ｌ－环．     

一类带小参数的二维反应扩散型方程组的数值方法

本文讨论了一类带小参数的二维反应扩散型方程组的数值方法，基于奇摄动理论，Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数、分裂方法和半群理论，建立这种类型方程组的计算格式，在误差分析中，运用了不等距步长的可行等距度，并将Ｌｏｒｅｎｚ的技巧用于估计解的性状，最后，得到了不安ｌ１「Ω」模意义下以Ｏ（ｈ＋ｌ＋△ｔ）的速度一致收敛。     

整环上二阶线性李代数的自同构

设Ｒ是有１的交换环，２是Ｒ的单位．本文决定了Ｒ上李代数ｓｌ２（Ｒ）的理想．进而，若Ｒ是整环，本文决定了ｓｌ２（Ｒ）与ｇｌ２（Ｒ）的自同构形式．     

高维变系数线性偏微分方程组Cauchy问题抛物性的新判据

本文基于文献［ｌ］和［２］，讨论了高维变系数线性偏微分方程组Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题的抛物性，得到了与文献［ｌ］和［２］的方法和结果均不同的充分条件     

两异面直线间距离的简捷公式及应用

受文［１］的启发,我们惊喜地发现两异面直线间距离可用一个对称、简捷公式给出,即有定理　如图１,ｌ１、ｌ２是异面直线,ｌ２平面α,ｌ１∩α＝Ａ,ｌ１在α在内的射影为ｌ,若ｌ２∩ｌ＝Ｂ,且ｌ１、ｌ２与ｌ所成的角分别为θ１、θ２,ＡＢ＝ｍ,则ｌ１、ｌ２间的距离ｄ＝ｍｃｓｃ２θ１＋ｃｓｃ２θ２－１（）图１ＤｌＣ′１ｌＣａ１θｍＡ２θ２ｌＢα证明　在ｌ１上任取一点Ｃ（异于Ａ）,作ＣＣ′⊥α,垂足为Ｃ′,则Ｃ′∈ｌ,在α内作ＡＤ∥ｌ２且使ＡＤ＝ＡＣ＝设ａ,则ｌ２∥平面ＡＣＤ,∴ｌ１与ｌ２的距离ｄ等于ｌ２…     

94 平行线分线段成比例定理

１　换一个视角,提出了猜想Ｔ：由我们学过的平行线等分线段定理知,如图１,直线ｌ１∥ｌ２∥ｌ３,直线ｌ４、ｌ５分别被ｌ１、ｌ２、ｌ３所截,如果ＡＢ＝ＢＣ,那么ＤＥ＝ＥＦ．换一个视角,对于图１,如果ＡＢＢＣ＝１,那么ＤＥＥＦ＝１;还有如果ＡＣＢＣ＝２,那么ＤＥＥＦ＝２;如果ＡＢＡＣ＝１２,那么ＤＥＤＦ＝１２．由此可以引出什么样的猜想呢？图１　　　　　　　　　图２如图２,直线ｌ１∥ｌ２∥ｌ３,直线ｌ４、ｌ５分别被ｌ１、ｌ２、ｌ３所截,那么有ＡＢＢＣ＝ＤＥＥＦ,ＡＢＡＣ＝ＤＥＤＦ．２　通过一个个图式、比…     

一类块隐式混合单步并行计算方法

本文讨论了一类解常微分方程初值问题的块隐式混合单步并行算法，这种算法的块数为K，精度阶为2d＋2，可在S台处理机上进行并行计算，其中K＝S·d．本文讨论了方法的一般性质，给出了方法的稳定性定理，最后给出了一个数值例子．     

解初值问题y″=g(x，y)的含参数块方法

1引言对于二阶常微分方程的初值问题y″=g(x,y),y(x_0)=y_0,y′(x_0)=y_0′,x_0(?)x(?)T(1)的数值解法的研究引起人们的广泛兴趣．对于直接积分(1),自从1976年J．D．Lambert和I．A．Waston提出二阶P-稳定方法和1978年G．Dahlquist证明P-稳定常系数线性多步方法的最高相容阶不超过2的重要结论以来,截止目前,已积累了许多高于2阶的P-稳定方法．例如,修正的Numerov方法,混合法(特殊形式RK的方法),多导法,Obrechkoff方法,显式RKN方法,单隐方法和对角隐式RKN方法等(顺便指出,文献[5,16]中所说的高阶方法的相容阶均不超过4)．所有这些方法,有些相     

非线性抛物型方程有限元法数值积分的有效性

Abstract. The effect of numerical integration in finite element methods applied to a class of nonlinear parabolic equations is considered and some sufficient conditions on the quadrature scheme to ensure that the order of convergence is unaltered in the presence of numerical integration are given. Optimal Lz and H1 estimates for the error and its time derivative are established.     

解初值问题y"=g(x,y)的含参数块方法

1引言对于二阶常微分方程的初值问题y″=g(x,y),y(x_0)=y_0,y′(x_0)=y_0′,x_0(?)x(?)T(1)的数值解法的研究引起人们的广泛兴趣．对于直接积分(1),自从1976年J．D．Lambert和I．A．Waston提出二阶P-稳定方法和1978年G．Dahlquist证明P-稳定常系数线性多步方法的最高相容阶不超过2的重要结论以来,截止目前,已积累了许多高于2阶的P-稳定方法．例如,修正的Numerov方法,混合法(特殊形式RK的方法),多导法,Obrechkoff方法,显式RKN方法,单隐方法和对角隐式RKN方法等(顺便指出,文献[5,16]中所说的高阶方法的相容阶均不超过4)．所有这些方法,有些相     

Computational Krylov‐based methods for large‐scale differential Sylvester matrix problems

In the present paper, we propose Krylov‐based methods for solving large‐scale differential Sylvester matrix equations having a low‐rank constant term. We present two new approaches for solving such differential matrix equations. The first approach is based on the integral expression of the exact solution and a Krylov method for the computation of the exponential of a matrix times a block of vectors. In the second approach, we first project the initial problem onto a block (or extended block) Krylov subspace and get a low‐dimensional differential Sylvester matrix equation. The latter problem is then solved by some integration numerical methods such as the backward differentiation formula or Rosenbrock method, and the obtained solution is used to build the low‐rank approximate solution of the original problem. We give some new theoretical results such as a simple expression of the residual norm and upper bounds for the norm of the error. Some numerical experiments are given in order to compare the two approaches.     

多导块方法的稳定性分析

文[1]中提出了一种使用高阶导数的块隐式单步法,并在文末留下一个问题:即对给定的方法中使用的最高阶导数阶数l≥1,为使该方法是A-稳定的,块的大小k应满足什么条件?本文将彻底地解答这个问题.首先,我们给出稳定函数ξk(h)=P(h)/Q(h)中多项式P(h)及Q(h)的系数的显式表达式,并证明P(-h)=Q(h);另外,我们使用计算机符号运算及对角Pade'逼近公式,对任意的l≥1,给出了为使方法A-稳定时块的大小k应满足的条件.     

Finite Difference Method for Reaction-Diffusion Nonlocal Boundary Conditions Equation with

In this paper, we present a numerical approach to a class of nonlinear reactiondiffusion equations with nonlocal Robin type boundary conditions by finite difference methods. A second-order accurate difference scheme is derived by the method of reduction of order. Moreover, we prove that the scheme is uniquely solvable and convergent with the convergence rate of order two in a discrete L2-norm. A simple numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Finite Difference Method for Reaction-Diffusion Equation with Nonlocal Boundary Conditions

In this paper, we present a numerical approach to a class of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations with nonlocal Robin type boundary conditions by finite difference methods. A second-order accurate difference scheme is derived by the method of reduction of order. Moreover, we prove that the scheme is uniquely solvable and convergent with the convergence rate of order two in a discrete L2-norm. A simple numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Block boundary value methods for linear weakly singular Volterra integro-differential equations

A class of block boundary value methods (BBVMs) is constructed for linear weakly singular Volterra integro-differential equations (VIDEs). The convergence and stability of these methods is analysed. It is shown that optimal convergence rates can be obtained by using special graded meshes. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the sharpness of our theoretical results and the computational effectiveness of the methods. Moreover, a numerical comparison with piecewise polynomial collocation methods for VIDEs is given, which shows that the BBVMs are comparable in numerical precision.

     

Convergence Analysis of the Legendre Spectral Collocation Methods for Second Order Volterra Integro-Differential Equations

A class of numerical methods is developed for second order Volterra integrodifferential equations by using a Legendre spectral approach.We provide a rigorous error analysis for the proposed methods,which shows that the numerical errors decay exponentially in the L∞-norm and L2-norm.Numerical examples illustrate the convergence and effectiveness of the numerical methods.