Sistemi parabolici del secondo ordine,non variazionali,a coefficienti discontinui

Riassunto Nel cilindroQ=Ω×(0,T) si considerano sistemi parabolici (E+ϖ/ϖt) di forma non variazionale e con coefficienti discontinui, e si dimostra un teorema di isomorfismoW ₀ ^p (Q)→L ^p (Q;R ^N ) e un teorema di regolarità locale negli spazi di Morrey.

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Summary In the cylinderQ=Ω×(0, T) we consider parabolic systems (E+ϖ/ϖt), in non variational form and with discontinuous coefficients, and we prove an theorem of isomorphismW ₀ ^p (Q)→L ^p (Q;R ^N ) and an theorem of local regularity in the Morrey’s spaces.

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Lavoro eseguito nell’ambito del gruppo G.N.A.F.A. del C.N.R.     

The Largest Left Quotient Ring of a Ring

The left quotient ring (i.e., the left classical ring of fractions) Q_cl(R) of a ring R does not always exist and still, in general, there is no good understanding of the reason why this happens. In this article, existence of the largest left quotient ring Q_l(R) of an arbitrary ring R is proved, i.e., Q_l(R) = S₀(R)^?1R where S₀(R) is the largest left regular denominator set of R. It is proved that Q_l(Q_l(R)) = Q_l(R); the ring Q_l(R) is semisimple iff Q_cl(R) exists and is semisimple; moreover, if the ring Q_l(R) is left Artinian, then Q_cl(R) exists and Q_l(R) = Q_cl(R). The group of units Q_l(R)* of Q_l(R) is equal to the set {s^?1t | s, t ∈ S₀(R)} and S₀(R) = R ∩ Q_l(R)*. If there exists a finitely generated flat left R-module which is not projective, then Q_l(R) is not a semisimple ring. We extend slightly Ore's method of localization to localizable left Ore sets, give a criterion of when a left Ore set is localizable, and prove that all left and right Ore sets of an arbitrary ring are localizable (not just denominator sets as in Ore's method of localization). Applications are given for certain classes of rings (semiprime Goldie rings, Noetherian commutative rings, the algebra of polynomial integro-differential operators).     

Uniqueness of a solution to the problem of atmosphere dynamics

We consider the model of atmosphere dynamics and prove the uniqueness of a solution in a bounded domain W ì \mathbbR³ \Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}^3} in the space V(Q) of weak solutions equipped with the finite norm

Estimates of Freud-Christoffel functions for some weights with the whole real line as support

Upper and lower bounds for generalized Christoffel functions, called Freud-Christoffel functions, are obtained. These have the form λ_n,p(W,j,x) = infPW_Lp(R)/|P^(j)(X)| where the infimum is taken over all polynomials P(x) of degree at most n − 1. The upper and lower bounds for λ_n,p(W,j,x) are obtained for all 0 < p ∞ and J = 0, 1, 2, 3,… for weights W(x) = exp(−Q(x)), where, among other things, Q(x) is bounded in [− A, A], and Q″ is continuous in β(−A, A) for some A > 0. For p = ∞, the lower bounds give a simple proof of local and global Markov-Bernstein inequalities. For p = 2, the results remove some restrictions on Q in Freud's work. The weights considered include W(x) = exp(− ¦x¦^α/2), α > 0, and W(x) = exp(− exp(¦x¦)), > 0.     

X-inner automorphisms of enveloping rings

In this paper, we determine the X-inner automorphisms of the smash product R # U(L) of a prime ring R by the universal enveloping algebra U(L) of a characteristic 0 Lie algebra L. Specifically, we show that any such automorphism σ stabilizing R can be written as a product σ = σ₁σ₂, where σ₁ is induced by conjugation by a unit of Q₃(R), the symmetric Martindale ring of quotients of R, and σ₂ is induced by conjugation by a unit of Q₃(T). Here S = Q_l(R) is the left Martindale ring of quotients of R and T is the centralizer of S in S # U(L) - R # U(L). One of the subtleties of the proof is that we must work in several unrelated overrings of R # U(L).     

Model problem for the motion of a compressible, viscous flow with the no-slip boundary condition

We consider the Navier–Stokes equations for the motion of a compressible, viscous, pressureless fluid in the domain W = \mathbbR³₊{\Omega = \mathbb{R}^3_+} with the no-slip boundary conditions. We construct a global in time, regular weak solution, provided that initial density ρ ₀ is bounded and the magnitude of the initial velocity u ₀ is suitably restricted in the norm ||?{r₀(·)}u₀(·)||_L²(W) + ||?u₀(·)||_L²(W){\|\sqrt{\rho_0(\cdot)}{\bf u}_0(\cdot)\|_{L^2(\Omega)} + \|\nabla{\bf u}_0(\cdot)\|_{L^2(\Omega)}}.     

A Lower Bound for the Norm of the Minimal Residual Polynomial

Let S be a compact infinite set in the complex plane with 0∉S, and let R _n be the minimal residual polynomial on S, i.e., the minimal polynomial of degree at most n on S with respect to the supremum norm provided that R _n (0)=1. For the norm L _n (S) of the minimal residual polynomial, the limit k(S):=lim_n?￥ⁿ?{L_n(S)}\kappa(S):=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sqrt[n]{L_{n}(S)} exists. In addition to the well-known and widely referenced inequality L _n (S)≥κ(S) ⁿ , we derive the sharper inequality L _n (S)≥2κ(S) ⁿ /(1+κ(S)²ⁿ ) in the case that S is the union of a finite number of real intervals. As a consequence, we obtain a slight refinement of the Bernstein–Walsh lemma.     

Average Width and Optimal Interpolation of the Sobolev-Wiener Class Wpq(R) in the Metric Lq(R)

In this paper, we determine the exact value of average n − K width _n(W^r_pq(R), L_q(R)) of Sobolev-Wiener class W^r_pq(R) in the metric L_q(R) for 1 > q ≥ p > ∞ and get the value of _n(W^r_p(R), L_qp(R)) for the dual case. We also solve the optimal interpolation problems of W^r_pq(R) in the metric L_q(R) and W^r_p(R) in the metric L_qp(R) for 1 < q ≤ p < ∞.     

Approximation of convex bodies by simplices

This paper deals with the following kind of approximation of a convex bodyQ in Euclidean space E ⁿ by simplices: which is the smallest positive numberh _S(Q) such thatS ₁ Q S ₂ for a simplexS ₁ and its homothetic copyS ₂ of ratioh _S(Q). It is shown that ifS ₀ is a simplex of maximal volume contained inQ, then a homothetic copy ofS ₀ of ratio 13/3 containsQ.     

Finite element approximation of the Sobolev constant

Denoting by S the sharp constant in the Sobolev inequality in W₀^1,2(B){{\rm W}_0^{1,2}(B)}, being B the unit ball in \mathbbR³{\mathbb{R}^3}, and denoting by S _h its approximation in a suitable finite element space, we show that S _h converges to S as h\searrow0{h\searrow0} with a polynomial rate of convergence. We provide both an upper and a lower bound on the rate of convergence, and present some numerical results.     

An L0（F,R）-valued Function＇s Intermediate Value Theorem and Its Applications to Random Uniform Convexity

Let (Ω , F , P ) be a probability space and L0 ( F, R ) the algebra of equivalence classes of real- valued random variables on (Ω , F , P ). When L0 ( F, R ) is endowed with the topology of convergence in probability, we prove an intermediate value theorem for a continuous local function from L0 ( F, R ) to L0 ( F, R ). As applications of this theorem, we first give several useful expressions for modulus of random convexity, then we prove that a complete random normed module ( S,|| · ||) is random uniformly convex iff Lp ( S ) is uniformly convex for each fixed positive number p such that 1 p + ∞ .     

Decompositions of Quotient Rings and m-Power Commuting Maps

Let R be a semiprime ring with symmetric Martindale quotient ring Q, n ≥ 2 and let f(X) = X ⁿ h(X), where h(X) is a polynomial over the ring of integers with h(0) = ±1. Then there is a ring decomposition Q = Q ₁ ⊕ Q ₂ ⊕ Q ₃ such that Q ₁ is a ring satisfying S _2n?2, the standard identity of degree 2n ? 2, Q ₂ ? M _n (E) for some commutative regular self-injective ring E such that, for some fixed q > 1, x ^q  = x for all x ∈ E, and Q ₃ is a both faithful S _2n?2-free and faithful f-free ring. Applying the theorem, we characterize m-power commuting maps, which are defined by linear generalized differential polynomials, on a semiprime ring.     

Abstract Riccati equations in an L1 space of finite measure and applications to transport theory

We consider operator-valued Riccati initial-value problems of the form R′(t) + TR(t) + R(t)T = TA(t) + TB(t)R(t) + R(t)TC(t) + R(t)TD(t)R(t), R(0) = R₀. Here A to D and R₀ have values as non-negative bounded linear operators in L¹ (μ), where μ is a finite measure, and T is a closed non-negative operator in L¹ (μ) satisfying additional technical conditions. For such problems the notion of strongly mild solutions is defined, and local existence and uniqueness theorems for such solutions are established. The results of the analysis are applied to the reflection kernels with both isotropically scattering homogeneous and anisotropically scattering inhomogeneous medium.     

On admissible shifts of generalized white noises

Let $\text{S}$ be the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing real functions. The dual space $\text{S}$¹ consists of the tempered distributions and the relation $\text{S}$ ? L²($\text{R}$) ? $\text{S}$¹ holds. Let γ be the Gaussian white noise on $\text{S}$¹ with the characteristic functional $\text{γ}\text{(ξ) =}\text{exp}\text{{?∥ξ∥}{}^2\text{/2}}$, ξ ∈ $\text{S}$, where ∥·∥ is the L²($\text{R}$)-norm. Let ν be the Poisson white noise on $\text{S}$¹ with the characteristic functional $\text{ν}\text{(ξ)}$ = exp?_$\text{R}$∫_$\text{R}$ {[exp(iξ(t)u)] ? 1 ? (1 + u²)^?1(iξ(t)u)} dη(u)dt), ξ ∈ $\text{S}$, where the Lévy measure is assumed to satisfy the condition ∫_$\text{R}$u²dη(u) < ∞. It is proved that γ1ν has the same dichotomy property for shifts as the Gaussian white noise, i.e., for any ω ∈ $\text{S}$¹, the shift $\text{(γ1ν)}{}_{\mathrm{\omega }}$ of γ1ν by ω and γ1ν are either equivalent or orthogonal. They are equivalent if and only if when ω ∈ L²($\text{R}$) and the Radon-Nikodym derivative is derived. It is also proved that for the Poisson white noice ν_ω is orthogonal to ν for any non-zero ω in $\text{S}$¹.     

Parameter-dependent operator equations of the Riccati type with application to transport theory

We obtain an existence result for global solutions to initial-value problems for Riccati equations of the form R′(t) + TR(t) + R(t)T = T^ρ A(t)T^1?ρ + T^ρ B(t)T^1?ρ R(t) + R(t)T^ρC(t) T^1?ρ + R(t)T^ρD(t)T^1?ρ R(t), R(0)=R₀, where 0 ? ρ ? 1 and where the functions R and A through D take on values in the cone of non-negative bounded linear operators on L¹ (0, W; μ). T is an unbounded multiplication operator. This problem is of particular interest in case ρ = 1 since it arisess in the theories of particle transport and radiative transfer in a slab. However, in this case there are some serious difficulties associated with this equation, which lead us to define a solution for the case ρ = 1 as the limit of solutions for the cases 0 < ρ < 1.     

Properties of delta functions of a class of observables on white noise functionals

Let δa be the Dirac delta function at a∈R and (E)⊂(L²)⊂^∗(E) the canonical framework of white noise analysis over white noise space (E^∗,μ), where E^∗=S^∗(R). For h∈H=L²(R) with h≠0, denote by Mh the operator of multiplication by Wh=〈⋅,h〉 in (L²). In this paper, we first show that Mh is δa-composable. Thus the delta function δa(Mh) makes sense as a generalized operator, i.e. a continuous linear operator from (E) to ^∗(E). We then establish a formula showing an intimate connection between δa(Mh) as a generalized operator and δa(Wh) as a generalized functional. We also obtain the representation of δa(Mh) as a series of integral kernel operators. Finally we prove that δa(Mh) depends continuously on a∈R.     

On semi-fredholm properties of a boundary value problem inR + n

The paper considers a boundary value problem with the help of the smallest closed extensionL ^∼ :H _k →H _{k 0}×B _{h 1}×...×B _{h N} of a linear operatorL :C ₍₀₎ ^∞ (R ₊ ⁿ ) →L(R ₊ ⁿ )×L(R ⁿ⁻¹)×...×L(R ⁿ⁻¹). Here the spacesH _k (the spaces ℬ _h ) are appropriate subspaces ofD′(R ₊ ⁿ ) (ofD′(R ⁿ⁻¹), resp.),L(R ₊ ⁿ ) andC ₍₀₎ ^∞ (R ₊ ⁿ )) denotes the linear space of smooth functionsR ⁿ →C, which are restrictions onR ₊ ⁿ of a function from the Schwartz classL (fromC ₀ ^∞ , resp.),L(R ⁿ⁻¹) is the Schwartz class of functionsR ⁿ⁻¹ →C andL is constructed by pseudo-differential operators. Criteria for the closedness of the rangeR(L ^∼) and for the uniqueness of solutionsL ^∼ U=F are expressed. In addition, ana priori estimate for the corresponding boundary value problem is established.     

On Landis’ Conjecture in the Plane

In this paper we prove a quantitative form of Landis’ conjecture in the plane. Precisely, let W(z) be a measurable real vector-valued function and V(z) ≥0 be a real measurable scalar function, satisfying ‖W‖ _{L ^∞(R ²)} ≤ 1 and ‖V‖ _{L ^∞(R ²)} ≤ 1. Let u be a real solution of Δu ? ?(Wu) ? Vu = 0 in R ². Assume that u(0) = 1 and |u(z)| ≤exp (C ₀|z|). Then u satisfies inf _{|z 0| =R}  sup _{|z?z 0| <1}|u(z)| ≥exp (?CRlog R), where C depends on C ₀. In addition to the case of the whole plane, we also establish a quantitative form of Landis’ conjecture defined in an exterior domain.     

Partition of unity and density: A counterexample

By providing a counterexample we show that there exists a shift-invariant spaceS generated by a piecewise linear function such that the union of the corresponding scaled spacesS ^h (h>0) is dense inC ₀(R ²) butS does not contain a stable and locally supported partition of unity. This settles a question raised by C. de Boor and R. DeVore a decade ago.     

On polarized 3-folds (X, L) withg(L)=q(X)+1 andh 0(L)≥4

Let (X, L) be a polarized 3-fold over the complex number field. In [Fk3], we proved thatg(L)≥q(X) ifh ⁰(L)≥2 and moreover we classified (X, L) withh ⁰(L)≥3 andg(L)=q(X), whereg(L) is the sectional genus of (X, L) andq(X)=dimH ¹(O _X ) the irregularity ofX. In this paper we will classify polarized 3-folds (X, L) withh ⁰(L)≥4 andg(L)=q(X)+1 by the method of [Fk3].