爆轰加载下金属锡层裂破碎数值模拟

对爆轰加载下低熔点金属锡的层裂破碎问题开展了数值模拟。在利用实验数据对所采用数值方法和材料模型开展对比验证的基础上,通过对样品内部物理量时间及空间分布演化对比分析,剖析了冲击加-卸载中样品内部应力波与材料相互作用过程。此外,通过对比分析不同厚度锡样品在爆轰加载下的动态行为特征,进一步认识了自由面反射稀疏波、边侧稀疏波和入射稀疏波共同作用下层裂破碎演化机制。结果表明,当样品较薄时,层裂破碎行为由反射稀疏波主导;随着样品厚度的增大,反射稀疏波主导区缩小,入射稀疏波和边侧稀疏波主导区逐渐增大。     

对称表面动载下有限块体的破裂过程

实验表明,受对称布置的表面爆炸载荷的脆性块体,会在通过载荷作用点连线的某一平面上破裂。为解释这一现象并进一步探讨利用类似方法破碎岩块的可能性,本文介绍了应用弹性动力学理论建立的计算模型以及所进行的动光弹和混凝土块模型试验。研究结果表明:在所述载荷条件下,应力波特别是自由界面反射的拉伸波对块体的破碎起重要作用;由于多向拉应力集中,在块体加载端面梭边中部最易产生径向裂隙,此后在侧面反射波的作用下裂隙延伸,与中部可能存在的裂纹贯通,从而将块体破开;对称加载使应力波在块体内多次叠加有利于块体充分破碎。     

岩石在不同加载波条件下能量耗散的理论探讨

采用脆性体动态断裂准则和富氏分析方法，给出了矩形波、钟形波和指数衰减波加载于岩石的能量耗散差异。在此基础上，就应力脉冲的形状、延续时间等对岩石破碎效果的影响进行了讨论，得到了与不同加载波下岩石耗能实验研究相吻合的结果。     

小波变换在随机海浪及相关课题中的应用与前景

扼要介绍了小波变换的基本原理及其信号处理功能,综述了应用这一技术处理非平稳过程随机海浪,确定波群和异常波特性,判断波浪破碎,进行入反射分离,分析海洋和湖泊流场以及研究岸滩演变的时空变化过程与气象、海象的相关关系等方面的研究成果.讨论了这一技术在波浪动力特性认识、随机海浪的实验室模拟、波浪与建筑物相互作用研究方面的应用前景.      

垂直断层破碎带对Rayleigh波传播与场地地震动反应的影响

采用基于时域粘弹性人工边界的Rayleigh波输入方法,对具有不同宽度、不同剪切波速的垂直断层破碎带的场地进行了Rayleigh波作用下的动力时程反应分析,研究了垂直断层的宽度与剪切波速变化对Rayleigh波传播及场地地震动反应的影响。计算结果表明:在Rayleigh波入射一侧的中远场地表面,断层宽度与剪切波速的变化对地面峰值位移反应影响很小;在Rayleigh波入射一侧的断层角点以及距角点较近处,随着断层宽度的增大或剪切波速的减小,峰值位移反应均增大;在另一侧中远场地面的峰值位移反应随着断层宽度的增大或剪切波速的减小而减小,且水平位移峰值减小的程度略大于竖向位移峰值。由此可以看到,软弱的断层破碎带对通过的Rayleigh波有削弱作用,且破碎带越宽或剪切波速越小削弱作用越明显。     

螺旋波动力学及其控制

螺旋波是时空斑图结构演化的一个典型研究对象,无论从理论研究意义还是从应用价 值来看都是非常重要的,它可涉及到的领域包括:数学、物理、力学、天文、化学、生物、 医学等学科. 本文较为详细地讨论了螺旋波的动力学行为, 主要包含以下几方面: 螺旋波的 形成、螺旋波的几种常见的形式、螺旋波波头的运动、螺旋波失稳方式等. 由于螺旋波及其 破碎后的行为在许多具体的系统中的有害作用, 本文也介绍了螺旋波的几种控制方案: 反馈 控制方案、外力控制方案、调整参数控制方案等.     

离岸式潜堤对海堤越浪量影响的实验研究

外海波浪作用下海堤越浪是一个复杂的水动力学过程,越浪量则是评估海堤安全的重要因素之一。离岸式潜堤作为一种典型的护岸工程结构物,已被应用于淤泥质海岸复合式海堤工程,其主要作用是促淤保滩和降低越浪量。本文针对不同的潜堤与海堤距离以及不同的潜堤高程,进行了规则波作用下越浪量系列物理模型实验,给出了各工况下的实测越浪量。实验结果表明:潜堤是否导致波浪破碎是控制海堤越浪量的主要因素之一;当潜堤使得波浪破碎时,潜堤位置对海堤越浪量有较大影响。潜堤与海堤距离接近1/2波长时越浪量偏大。     

血管位移波的力学模型

本文在临床观察和模型实验的基础上提出了血管位移波的力学模型,并归结出了位移波的控制方程。应用摄动理论和数值方法,求得了位移波的波形和位移波产生的判别准则。从中我们发现,位移波仅和血流的脉动速度及血管壁力学特性有关,而和压力波无直接关系。最后本文还给出了一个适用于临床的位移波发生判别准则,实验发现它和临床观察是相符合的。     

弹塑性波的研究现状与趋势

本文系统总结了弹塑性波理论的研究现状,并介绍了当前在弹塑性波理论和相关的工程领域中的重要课题。分析并指出了今后弹塑性波问题的研究趋势。     

乘波构形和乘波飞行器研究综述

乘波构形的特点是高升阻比,下表面上的流动是均匀的,因此是推进系统/机身一体化设计的理想候选构形.乘波飞行器是源于乘波构形的高超音速飞行器,利用了乘波构形的高升阻比,并可为吸气发动机提供已知的均匀流场.本文比较全面地总结了乘波构形的生成方法和乘波飞行器的设计方法,介绍了乘波构形的优化方法及影响因素,给出了优化的乘波构形, 并介绍了乘波飞行器的研究进展,提出了今后的研究重点.      

Recent progresses in studies on wave-current loads on foundation structure with piles and slab

The foundation structure with piles and slab is widely used in offshore wind farm construction in shallow water. Experimental studies on the hydrodynamic loads acting on the piles and slab under irregular waves and currents are summarized with discussion on the effects of pile grouping on the wave forces and wave impact loads on the slab locating near the free surface. By applying the theoretical solution of the wave diffracted by the slab and using the Morison equation to evaluate the wave force on the piles, the effects of the slab on the wave forces acting on the piles are analyzed. Based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the volume of fluid (VOF) method, a numerical wave basin is developed to simulate the wave-structure interaction. The computed maximum wave force on the foundation structure with piles and slab agrees well with the measured data. The violent deformation, breaking, and run-up of the wave around the structure are presented and discussed. Further work on the turbulent flow structures and large deformation of the free surface due to interaction of the waves and foundation structures of offshore wind farms needs more efficient approaches for evaluating hydrodynamic loads under the effects of nonlinear waves and currents.     

促进其线性频散特征另一种形式的Bousinesq方程

Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程能够用于模拟表面重力波传播过程中的折射、绕射、反射以及浅化，非线性作用等现象．用不同垂直积分方法所得到的二维Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程形式具有不同的线性频散特征．采用两个不同的水深层的水平速度变量组合，推导出一个新形式的Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程．通过对其参数的设置可得到精确的线性频散解Ｐａｄｅ近似４阶精度．其适用范围已由原来的浅水，向深水拓进．相速误差小于２％，其拓展适用范围可达到０８个波长水深．应用所得到的新型Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程，采用有限差分法，对经典工况进行了数值模拟，其计算结果表明，计算值与物模实验值吻合较好．这说明本文新形式的Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程对变水深非线性效应所产生的能量频散有着较为精确的描述     

关于海洋结构物水动力学的研究

建造在海洋中的结构物承受波浪、海流、风、地震等作用力,其中尤以波浪力最为重要且复杂。迄今,在小构件海洋结构物波浪力设计计算中,最普遍使用的仍然是Morison方程。但是,这里所说的Morison方程已经不是Morison等的原始方程,而是各种扩展情况下的Morison方程。当初Morison等把由粘性流体得到的阻力项和由理想流体得到的惯性力项相加即得到总波浪力,这种把同一流体既看成是粘性流体又看成是非粘性不可压缩的理想流体的做法实属自相矛盾。但是,建立Morison方程30多年以来,其改进只限于形式稍有      

On the nonlinear dynamics of the traveling-wave solutions of the Serre system

We numerically study nonlinear phenomena related to the dynamics of traveling wave solutions of the Serre equations including the stability, the persistence, the interactions and the breaking of solitary waves. The numerical method utilizes a high-order finite-element method with smooth, periodic splines in space and explicit Runge–Kutta methods in time. Other forms of solutions such as cnoidal waves and dispersive shock waves are also considered. The differences between solutions of the Serre equations and the Euler equations are also studied.     

Fluid particle dynamics and stokes drift in gravity and capillary waves generated by the faraday instability

In this paper we study particle motions in nearly square containers due to gravity and capillary waves generated by vertical, periodic oscillation of the container. The method of second order partial averaging is used to decompose the particle motions into periodic oscillations and a slow Stokes drift. In the case of gravity waves, it is shown that long distance (several wavelengths) particle transport is possible. In the case of capillary waves, it is shown that, in agreement with experimental observations of Ramshankaret al., particle trajectories can be chaotic even when the wave pattern is regular so long as the pattern is spatially modulated.Dedicated to Professor P. R. Sethna on the Occasion of His 70th BirthdayThis research was partially supported by an NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award and an ONR Grant No. N00014-89-J-3023.     

Nonlinear traveling waves in a compressible Mooney-Rivlin rod I. Long finite-amplitude waves

In literature, nonlinear traveling waves in elastic circular rods have only been studied based on single partial differential equation (pde) models, and here we consider such a problem by using a more accurate coupled-pde model. We derive the Hamiltonian from the model equations for the long finite-amplitude wave approximation, analyze how the number of singular points of the system changes with the parameters, and study the features of these singular points qualitatively. Various physically acceptable nonlinear traveling waves are also discussed, and corresponding examples are given. In particular, we find that certain waves, which cannot be counted by the single-equation model, can arise. The project supported by the Research Grants Council of the HKSAR, China (City U 1107/99P) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10372054 and 10171061)     

Three-dimensional waves on the surface of a viscous fluid

The study of the effect of viscosity on the propagation of surface waves has traditionally been confined to the consideration of plane (two-dimensional) waves [1, 2]. So far the effect associated with taking the transverse modulation of the wave profile into account have not been studied. In what follows, a solution is constructed and analyzed for linear three-dimensional periodic waves in an infinitely deep fluid. Their distinguishing property is the presence of a vorticity in the direction of propagation. An expression for the average (over the wavelength) velocity of horizontal particle drift is found in the quadratic approximation in the small wave steepness.     

促进其线性频散特征另一种形式的Bousinesq方程

Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程能够用于模拟表面重力波传播过程中的折射、绕射、反射以及浅化，非线性作用等现象．用不同垂直积分方法所得到的二维Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程形式具有不同的线性频散特征．采用两个不同的水深层的水平速度变量组合，推导出一个新形式的Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程．通过对其参数的设置可得到精确的线性频散解Ｐａｄｅ近似４阶精度．其适用范围已由原来的浅水，向深水拓进．相速误差小于２％，其拓展适用范围可达到０８个波长水深．应用所得到的新型Ｂｏｕｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程，采用有限差分法，对经典工况进行了数值模拟，其计算结果表明，计算值与物模实验值吻合较好．这说明本文新形式的Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程对变水深非线性效应所产生的能量频散有着较为精确的描述     

Numerical study of breaking waves by a two‐phase flow model

A two‐phase flow model, which solves the flow in the air and water simultaneously, is presented for modelling breaking waves in deep and shallow water, including wave pre‐breaking, overturning and post‐breaking processes. The model is based on the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the k ?ε turbulence model. The governing equations are solved by the finite volume method in a Cartesian staggered grid and the partial cell treatment is implemented to deal with complex geometries. The SIMPLE algorithm is utilised for the pressure‐velocity coupling and the air‐water interface is modelled by the interface capturing method via a high resolution volume of fluid scheme. The numerical model is validated by simulating overturning waves on a sloping beach and over a reef, and deep‐water breaking waves in a periodic domain, in which good agreement between numerical results and available experimental measurements for the water surface profiles during wave overturning is obtained. The overturning jet, air entrainment and splash‐up during wave breaking have been captured by the two‐phase flow model, which demonstrates the capability of the model to simulate free surface flow and wave breaking problems.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Breaking of waves of limiting amplitude over an obstacle

Homogeneous heavy fluid flows over an uneven bottom are studied in a long-wave approximation. A mathematical model is proposed that takes into account both the dispersion effects and the formation of a turbulent upper layer due to the breaking of surface gravity waves. The asymptotic behavior of nonlinear perturbations at the wave front is studied, and the conditions of transition from smooth flows to breaking waves are obtained for steady-state supercritical flow over a local obstacle. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 3–11, May–June, 2006.