气相色谱在食品检测方面的应用及进展

对近年来气相色谱技术在食品检测方面的应用进行综述,主要包括农药残留分析,食品添加剂分析,兽药残留分析以及食品包装材料中挥发物分析,并对未来的应用进行了展望。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定复合包装材料中溶剂的残留量

正随着社会经济的发展和物质生活水平的不断提高,人们越来越重视食品卫生和安全状况。食品包装材料直接与食品接触,其安全性关系到人体健康。复合食品包装材料是食品包装材料中种类最多、应用最广的一种软包装材料[1]。复合膜在印刷、复合、涂布等生产工序中使用了大量的有机溶剂,如甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、丁酮等。这些溶剂或多或少地残留在复合膜中,若用含有较高残留溶剂的复合膜包装食品、药品等,将会危     

脂族酰基过氧化物分解动力学的研究 Ⅳ.正构酰基过氧化物在苯中分解形成的烷基苯异构体的鉴定和烷基的氢重排

关于脂族酰基过氧化物在苯中分解,形成的烷基自由基与苯反应生成烷基苯,文献中已有不少报道,而分解过程中由于烷基异构化可能形成烷基苯异构体的实验结果,则至今未见报道.我们用GC-MS法分离分析过氧化月桂酰(1)和过氧化丁酰(2)在苯中分解形成的烷基苯类化合物,都发现有少量氢原子重排产物.1在苯中分解形成的十一烷基苯的异构体为正十一烷基苯(3),2-苯基十一烷(4),3-苯基十一烷(5),4-苯基十一烷(6)和5-苯基十一烷(7);2在苯中分解形成正丙苯和异丙苯.烷基自由基在溶剂中发生自由基型氢重排,除1,5-氢迁移     

醇溶性聚氨酯凹印油墨的制备与性能研究

目的研制替代非环保、不安全的氯化聚丙烯类油墨的新型油墨。方法以醇溶性聚氨酯为油墨用连接料,通过添加分散剂、哑粉、钛白粉、溶剂等助剂,进行通用于PET薄膜、NY薄膜和BOPP薄膜的凹印油墨的制备试验,并对所制得油墨的颜色、着色力、细度、黏度、附着牢度、初干性、溶剂残留量和耐水煮等性能指标进行了测定和分析。结果该油墨不含苯类和酮类,且溶剂残留符合食品包装要求。结论该油墨是一种安全环保的通用型新型凹印油墨。     

塑料食品包装中对苯二酸向食品模拟物迁移的高效液相色谱测定方法

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定塑料食品包装中对苯二酸(TA)向食品模拟物的迁移量.对前处理净化技术及色谱条件进行了优化,并利用超高效液相色谱-串联质联(UPLC-MS/MS)进行确证.该方法在0.3～30 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.3 mg/L.食品模拟物中对苯二酸的加标回收率在89.0%～110.0%之间,其相对标准偏差为0.45%～9.24%,重复性和再现性良好.利用该方法对实际塑料包装制品中对苯二酸进行了迁移测定.     

食品及包装材料中双酚A的残留和检测方法

双酚A是近几年从食品包装材料中新发现的一种破坏内分泌的化学物质，文中对食品及包装材料中双酚A的残留和检测方法进展作一综述。     

食品包装材料中7种光引发剂向水性模拟液中的迁移测定

为了考察食品包装材料中光引发剂向食品中迁移的情况,以水性模拟液作为迁移溶剂,用65 μm聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯(PDMS-DVB)纤维头进行固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱(SPME/GC-MS)分析方法同时测定食品包装材料中7种光引发剂(PIs)的迁移量。方法的检出限为0.0012～0.0069 μg/L,线性范围为0.03～1.0 μg/L (r2＞0.9909),在3种浓度的添加水平下,加标回收率为70.8%～112.0%,相对标准偏差不大于14.0%。利用建立的方法对20个实际样品进行测定,发现所有样品中均检出二苯甲酮,其中10个样品中检出4-甲基二苯甲酮,3个样品中检出1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮,1个样品中检出安息香双甲醚。该方法的灵敏度高,样品前处理过程简单,无需使用有机溶剂,为食品接触材料表面印刷油墨中PIs向水性样品中的迁移测定提供了参考。     

食品包装材料中双酚A在食品模拟物中迁移规律的研究

食品塑料包装材料的安全是保障食品安全的重要一环,包装材料中的双酚A潜在迁移性对人体健康的危害已引起社会的关注. 分别选取蒸馏水、3%乙酸(体积分数)和10%乙醇(体积分数)3种食品模拟物,浸泡已知双酚A含量的食品包装材料,在一定的时间点测试浸泡液中双酚A含量,研究迁移量与模拟物之间的关系. 结果表明,在不同食品模拟物下包装材料中双酚A的迁移量不同,其特定迁移量顺序为10%乙醇溶液>3 %乙酸溶液>蒸馏水. 并研究了温度、时间及微波作用影响食品包装材料中双酚A向食品中的迁移量,结果表明,双酚A向食品中迁移量随接触时间的延长、温度的升高而增加,微波作用能显著提高包装材料中双酚A向食品中的迁移量.     

高效毛细管电泳在食品安全检测中的应用进展

近年来,食品安全问题频发,对人们的健康和社会发展造成了严重的危害,食品安全已成为人们关注的焦点问题之一。食品成分的复杂性、多样性对食品分析技术和方法提出了很高的要求。毛细管电泳(CE)由于分离模式多、分离效率高、分析速度快、试剂和样品用量少、对环境污染小等优点,在食品安全分析方面的应用日趋广泛。本综述对2009年以来CE在食品中非食用添加剂、农药残留、兽药残留、重金属离子污染、食品毒素以及食品包装材料中双酚A和塑化剂的检测方面的应用进行了总结,并对毛细管电泳在食品安全检测领域的主要发展方向进行了展望。共收录文献63篇。     

动物源食品中呋喃苯烯酸钠残留的液相色谱串联质谱法检测

建立了液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源食品(猪肝、猪肾、猪肉、鳗鱼、蜂蜜、鸡蛋)中呋喃苯烯酸钠残留的检测方法.样品采用乙腈提取,正己烷萃取净化,并对液相色谱串联质谱分离条件以及样品前处理条件进行了优化.呋喃苯烯酸钠的线性范围为2.0 ～50.0 μg/L,线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999 0,回收率为82% ～90%,日内相对标准偏差为0.9% ～5.8%,方法的定量下限为5.0 μg/kg.方法可满足进出口动物源食品中呋喃苯烯酸钠残留的确证与测定.     

Evaluation of the migration of UV-ink photoinitiators from polyethylene food packaging by supercritical fluid chromatography combined with photodiode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry

UV-ink photoinitiators (PIs), which are used to initiate polymerization reaction for the curing of inks and lacquers, have become a kind of contaminant residues in printing plastic food packaging. The residual PIs in packaging may pose a potential threat to customers. In this work, migration behaviors of 13 PIs from a polyethylene (PE) packaging to food simulants according to regulation EU No 10/2011 were studied by supercritical fluid chromatography combined with photodiode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-PDA-MS/MS). The method simultaneously analyzed 13 PIs within 4.5 min and was sensitively with low limits of detection of 0.02–2.16 μg/L, which could meet high throughput analysis for control the quality of food packaging. The migration results revealed that Irgacure 819, Darocure 1173 and TPO, which had low migration rates, should be preferably selected by plastic food packaging manufacture for food safety.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定乳制品中光引发剂异丙基硫杂蒽酮的残留量

建立了采用气相色谱（GC）-质谱(MS)检测由包装材料迁移到乳制品中的光引发剂异丙基硫杂蒽酮残留量的方法。使用氘代蒽为内标,样品经Carrez试剂除蛋白质后用丙酮-正己烷(体积比为1∶1)提取,上层提取液用氟罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化。采用单四极杆质谱进行样品筛选和定量,选取的监测离子为m/z 184,m/z 224,m/z 239,m/z 254(异丙基硫杂蒽酮)和m/z 80,m/z 94,m/z 188,m/z 160(氘代蒽)。疑似样品采用离子阱串联质谱法进行确证,选取的母离子和子离子分别为m/z 254,m/z 239(异丙基硫杂蒽酮)和m/z 188,m/z 160(氘代蒽)。本方法的测定低限(LOQ)分别为7.0 μg/L(GC-MS)和5.0 μg/L(GC-MS/MS),回收率为74.9%~89.6%。采用该方法对11种不同类型的乳制品进行了检测,发现了两例阳性样品。     

防伪印刷技术与化学

随着科技进步与假冒伪劣产品对名优商品的冲击,防伪技术引起印刷与包装行业越来越多的关注,与人们的日常生活也休戚相关。从防伪油墨、防伪纸张与防伪印刷工艺3个角度,对涉及包装和印刷方面的防伪技术及相关化学知识进行了扼要的分析与论述。     

Development of taint and odour in cellulosic carton-board packaging systems

Unsaturated lipids exist in carton-board used for food packaging and can be the precursors of odorous compounds. The linoleic acid component may be in the form of a free acid, an alkyl ester derivative or a triglyceride. Oxidation proceeds via a free radical route to produce aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, furans, lower fatty acids, alkenes and alkanes, the majority of which are odorous. The aldehydes, in particular, have very low odour and taste detection thresholds, needing to be present only in very small amounts in a packaging material to cause a taint problem. Static headspace GC/MS analyses have identified a number of odorous compounds formed from the oxidation reactions. These oxidation reactions are affected to various extents by a number of factors that include temperature and the presence of photosensitising agents. Ultra-violet (UV) curable inks are commonly used in the printing of cellulosic carton-board packaging materials. These inks contain photoinitiators that have the potential to affect the rate and the extent of oxidation of unsaturated lipids, resulting in the formation of odorous compounds within the cellulosic carton-board matrix.     

MALDI-MS and colorimetric analysis of diisocyanate and polyol migrants from model polyurethane adhesives used in food packaging

The identification of the migrants, into food simulants, from a series of polyurethane adhesives used in the manufacture of plastic film laminates for use in common food packaging is described. Commercial materials, based on four different model adhesive systems, were prepared by an industrial collaborator. The MALDI-MS fingerprint patterns of the three polyether and one polyester polyol components of these adhesives were obtained for reference purposes. The decrease in the level of diisocyanate as a migrant versus time after lamination was confirmed by colorimetric measurements. The migration of the standard polyol samples through polyethylene pouches into water at 70 degrees C has been demonstrated and also the attenuation effect for different polyols. Cured laminates in the form of pouches were used to carry out the migration experiments into distilled water, inside the pouch, at 70 degrees C over a period of 2 h. Comparison of the migration results from the food packaging laminates with those from the polyethylene film confirmed the migration of unreacted polyol components for the polyether-based systems. Cyclic oligomers from the polyol starting materials were identified as the migrants from the polyester-based adhesive.     

纺织品与食品包装材料中烷基酚及双酚A迁移量的液相色谱-串联质谱分析

建立了纺织品与食品包装材料中烷基酚及双酚A迁移量的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.纺织品和食品包装材料浸泡液经Supelclean Envi-Carb石墨化碳黑固相萃取柱净化,以Waters XBridge C_(18)(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm)色谱柱分离后,进行LC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下的定性及定量分析.烷基酚和双酚A在纺织品模拟汗液、食品模拟物介质中特定迁移量的定量下限分别为2、4 μg/kg.在低、中、高3个添加水平下,测得纺织品样品的回收率为83%～91%,相对标准偏差为4.1%～9.0%;食品包装材料样品的回收率为82%～94%,相对标准偏差为3.9%～8.7%.     

Determination of primary aromatic amines in water food simulant using solid-phase analytical derivatization followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Solid phase analytical derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride has been introduced as sample preparation for the determination of primary aromatic amines in water by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Water was used as a food simulant for testing migration from laminated flexible food packaging materials. The method was evaluated for 8 primary aromatic amines in 200 ml water samples, which resulted in detection limits in the 0.1-0.4 microg/l range, relative standard deviations in the 4-17% range and acceptable linearity (R2 = 0.997-1.000). Detectable levels of 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and 4,4'-methylenedianiline were found in water food simulant from some of the investigated food packaging materials.     

Biosurface engineering through ink jet printing

The feasibility of thermal ink jet printing as a robust process for biosurface engineering was demonstrated. The strategy investigated was to reconstruct a commercial printer and take advantage of its colour management interface. High printing resolution was achieved by formulating bio-inks of viscosity and surface tension similar to those of commercial inks. Protein and enzyme denaturation during thermal ink jet printing was shown to be insignificant. This is because the time spent by the biomolecules in the heating zone of the printer is negligible; in addition, the air and substrate of high heat capacity absorb any residual heat from the droplet.Gradients of trophic/tropic factors can serve as driving force for cell growth or migration for tissue regeneration. Concentration gradients of proteins were printed on scaffolds to show the capability of ink jet printing. The printed proteins did not desorb upon prolonged immersion in aqueous solutions, thus allowing printed scaffold to be used under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Our group portrait was ink jet printed with a protein on paper, illustrating that complex biopatterns can be printed on large area. Finally, patterns of enzymes were ink jet printed within the detection and reaction zones of a paper diagnostic.     

Contamination in food from packaging material

Packaging has become an indispensible element in the food manufacturing process, and different types of additives, such as antioxidants, stabilizers, lubricants, anti-static and anti-blocking agents, have also been developed to improve the performance of polymeric packaging materials. Recently the packaging has been found to represent a source of contamination itself through the migration of substances from the packaging into food. Various analytical methods have been developed to analyze the migrants in the foodstuff, and migration evaluation procedures based on theoretical prediction of migration from plastic food contact material were also introduced recently. In this paper, the regulatory control, analytical methodology, factors affecting the migration and migration evaluation are reviewed.