基于数据挖掘方法的开放骨架磷酸铝定向合成参数分析

开放骨架磷酸铝化合物是多孔晶体材料的一个重要家族。然而,这类材料的合成受到反应原料、凝胶组成、溶剂、模板剂、结晶温度和结晶时间等多个因素的影响。本文以吉林大学"无机制备与合成化学国家重点实验室"建立的开放骨架磷酸铝合成反应数据库为研究对象,采用最大权重最小冗余特征选择算法(Maximum weight and minimum redundancy,MWMR),在充分考虑合成参数自身的重要程度和合成参数之间的相关关系的前提下,分析了溶剂、模板剂等合成参数对于合成含有(8,6)元环结构开放骨架磷酸铝的影响。通过大量实验验证了该方法在开放骨架磷酸铝合成参数分析中的有效性,分析了合成参数对产物生成的影响。实验结果表明模板剂的几何参数、模板剂中C原子和N原子的个数比,溶剂的偶极距等参数可能对于该类结构的合成具有较为重要的影响。     

基于特征选择的决策树方法在磷酸铝AlPO4-5定向合成中的应用

分子筛类开放骨架材料的合成与结构关系研究对实现这类材料的定向合成起着至关重要的作用. 本文在建立开放骨架磷酸铝合成反应数据库的基础上, 提出了利用基于特征选择的决策树(C5.0)方法, 考察了不同反应条件(即各反应特征参数)对磷酸铝分子筛AlPO4-5生成的影响. 基于决策树模型, 利用8个反应特征参数,可以有效预测磷酸铝分子筛AlPO4-5的生成, 准确率达到88.18%, 接收者操作特性(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)达到90%. 研究结果表明, 在众多的反应特征参数中, 有机模板剂的几何尺寸参数, 特别是模板剂的次长距离, 是影响AlPO4-5分子筛合成的重要因素.     

开放骨架磷酸铝合成反应数据库的建立与应用（I）

本文介绍了开放骨架磷酸铝合成反应数据库的建立、收录的数据资料信息和数据库的检索查询方法,并对该数据库就骨架元素组成、反应产物的结构维数、孔道环数、合成所用的有机模板剂等方面做了统计分析．磷酸铝合成反应数据库的建立对于微孔功能体系的分子工程学研究提供了重要的基础数据．     

基于遗传编程方法的微孔磷酸铝的定向合成研究

根据微孔磷酸铝合成数据的特点,针对合成数据库中合成参数过多和交叉描述等问题,利用改进的遗传编程算法对具有(6,8)元环的微孔磷酸铝合成参数进行特征提取,优化出新的复合特征来更好地描述磷酸铝合成中溶剂和模板剂的特征,并通过参数进化过程的研究,考察了模板剂和溶剂对产物生成的具体影响,从而指导具有特定结构磷酸铝的定向合成.     

CoSAPO-101分子筛大单晶的合成与表征

<正>1982年Wilson等首次以有机胺作为模板剂,通过水热法合成了由Al-O和P-O共享氧桥交替组合而成的磷酸铝分子筛(AlPO4)[1],由于其骨架呈中性,表面酸性和催化能力较弱,使其应用受到影响。通过在磷酸铝分子筛骨架上引入金属或非金属杂原子,同晶置换部分骨架中的磷和铝,使骨架电荷     

新型层状氟化磷酸铝[C4H12N2][Al2(PO4)2(H2O)2F2]的水热合成与表征

自从1982年Wilson等发现一类新型微孔材料磷酸铝分子筛(AlPO4-n)以来,大量具有新颖结构的磷酸铝化合物被合成出来,它们在催化、离子交换、吸附和主-客体组装等方面均具有潜在的应用前景,这类化合物大多是在水热或溶剂热体系中和有机模板剂存在条件下合成的,1978年,Flanigen等首先在反应体系中加入氟离子作矿化剂合成了硅晶体,后来,氟离子方法在硅铝体系和金属磷酸盐体系中也得到了广泛的应用,氟离子在反应过程中起到矿化剂或结构导向剂的作用,     

以醚胺为模板剂合成含二价金属杂原子的开放骨架磷酸铝化合物M(Ⅱ)-CJ50

在水热体系中, 以2,2'-(乙烯二氧)双(乙胺)为模板剂, 合成了3种含二价金属杂原子的开放骨架磷酸铝化合物M(Ⅱ)-CJ50(|C₆H₁₇N₂O₂| [MAl₃P₄O₁₆], 其中M=Mg, Mn和Fe). 单晶及粉末X射线衍射分析表明, 这3种化合物与以咪唑为模板剂合成的含三价金属杂原子的M(Ⅲ)-CJ50具有相似的骨架拓扑结构. 二者的区别在于: 由于使用了还原性较强的醚胺作模板剂, M(Ⅱ)-CJ50结构中的金属杂原子具有比M(Ⅲ)-CJ50更低的氧化态; M(Ⅱ)-CJ50中的金属杂原子与1个醚胺模板剂分子中的2个醚氧原子形成双齿配位, 而M(Ⅲ)-CJ50中的金属杂原子则与2个咪唑模板剂分别形成单齿配位. 此外, 磁性测试结果表明, 由于金属杂原子的氧化态以及配体模板剂分子的差异, 导致M(Ⅱ)-CJ50中的过渡金属杂原子处于电子高自旋态, 而M(Ⅲ)-CJ50中的杂原子则处于低自旋态.     

磷酸铝分子筛AlPO_4-5的常压快速合成及晶化过程的原位热重-质谱研究

分别以三乙胺、环己胺和四乙基氢氧化铵为结构导向剂,二缩三乙二醇为溶剂,研究了3种溶剂热合成体系在常压和自生压力条件下的晶化行为.在常压加热条件下,从分别含有三乙胺、环己胺和四乙基氢氧化铵的初始凝胶中快速晶化出了高结晶度的磷酸铝分子筛AlPO_4-5.在自生压力加热条件下,从相同的初始凝胶中分别晶化出了三维开放骨架磷酸铝JDF-20、二维层状磷酸铝UT-5以及含有磷酸铝分子筛AlPO_4-5的混相.含有三乙胺的初始凝胶晶化过程的原位热重-质谱研究表明,常压条件下磷酸铝分子筛AlPO_4-5主要在150~300℃之间生成.实验表明,自生压力会对有机胺(铵)的结构导向效应产生显著影响,这加深了对分子筛以及开放骨架生成过程及机理的认识.     

一系列具有CHA结构的过渡金属取代磷酸铝的合成与表征

自从1982年.美国联合碳化公司开发出一系列磷酸铝微孔化合物(AlPO4-n)以来,人们利用水热、溶剂热以及离子热技术,已经有200余种不同结构类型的磷酸铝开放骨架化合物被合成出来[2-3].     

具有十二元环空旷骨架的Mn3Al6(PO4)12·4tren·11H2O的水热合成与表征

自从1982年美国联合碳化公司(U.C.C.)开发出系列磷酸铝分子筛(AlPO4-n,n代表不同的骨架类型)[1]以来,新型微孔结构磷酸铝的开发一直吸引着人们的广泛关注[2].与此同时,杂原子磷酸铝分子筛的研究受到了人们的高度重视,许多元素(Fe,Mn,Co,Zn等)可以作为杂原子进入磷酸铝的分子筛骨架[3～5].其中,含有特殊催化活性的过渡金属离子Mn的磷酸铝备受关注[6,7].1999年,徐耀华等[8]合成出具有新颖三维开放骨架的磷酸铝Al9(PO4)12(C24H91N16)·17H2O.最近,Beitone等[9,10]研究了Zn和Fe元素在此骨架中的取代情况.本文中,我们首次将Mn元素引入…     

高岭土原位无溶剂法合成小粒径ZSM-5分子筛

结合原位水热法和无溶剂法的优点,在不添加有机模板剂和溶剂的基础上,以高岭土为原料通过晶种诱导绿色高效地合成出ZSM-5分子筛。运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜、透射电镜和NH3程序升温脱附(TPD-NH3)等技术对ZSM-5分子筛进行表征。表征结果与原位水热法合成的ZSM-5分子筛相比,原位无溶剂法合成ZSM-5分子筛的结晶度较高、晶体粒径较小、酸强度略高、孔结构相似。     

Synthesis of molecular sieve AlPO4-12

A member of the novel family of crystalline microporous aluminophosphates, AlPO₄-12, was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization using different aluminum-containing compounds. Three new crystalline phases were obtained by varying the composition of the reaction mixture. The effect of the synthesis conditions on the hudrothermal process and the kinetics of crystallization are discussed. The apparent activation energies obtained for AlPO₄-12 are 20.9 and 14.6 kcal/mol for nucleation and crystallization, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of one AlPO₄-12 product were measured.     

Insight into the construction of open-framework aluminophosphates

Over the past twenty five years, a class of open-framework aluminophosphates, denoted AlPOs, has been prepared with neutral zeolitic frameworks and anionic frameworks showing wonderfully complex structural and compositional diversity. An insight into the construction of open-framework AlPOs revealing their general structural features and topological chemistry is provided in this tutorial review, and the role of templating and the designed construction and synthesis of AlPOs are discussed.     

Morphology Engineering of Fullerene[C70] Microcrystals: From Perfect Cubes,Defective Hoppers to Novel Cruciform-Pillars

Controlled crystallization of fullerene molecules into ordered molecular assemblies is important for their applications. However, the morphology engineering of fullerene[C₇₀] assemblies is challenging, and complicated architectures have rarely been reported due to the low molecular symmetry of C₇₀ molecules, which makes their crystallization difficult to control and the low production yield as well. Herein, with the assistance of solvent intercalation, a general reprecipitation approach is reported to prepare morphologically controllable C₇₀ microcrystals with mesitylene as a good solvent and n-propanol as a poor solvent in one solvent system without replacing specific solvents. A series of C₇₀ microcrystals with high uniformity from perfect cubes and defective hoppers to novel cruciform-pillars are obtained by intentionally tuning C₇₀ concentration and the volume ratio of mesitylene to n-propanol. Among them, novel cruciform-pillar-shaped microcrystals are obtained for the first time by further decreasing the amount of mesitylene in the solvent-intercalated microcrystals. Notably, the C₇₀ concentration is a key parameter for the selective growth of C₇₀ hopper, rather than the volume ratio of mesitylene to n-propanol. Interestingly, the hopper-shaped microcrystals exhibit excellent photoluminescence properties relative to those of cubes and cruciform-pillars owing to the enhanced light absorption, proving their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. This study offers new insights into the morphology-controlled synthesis of other micro/nanostructured organic microcrystals and the fine tuning of photoluminescence properties of organic crystals.     

Comparative analysis of calorimetric studies in Se<Subscript>90</Subscript>M<Subscript>10</Subscript> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>=In,Te, Sb) chalcogenide glasses

Calorimetric measurements have been performed in glassy Se₉₀M₁₀ (M=In, Te, Sb) alloys to study the effect of In, Te and Sb additives on the kinetics of glass transition and crystallization in glassy Se₉₀M₁₀ system. Kinetic parameters of glass transition and crystallization such as the activation energy of glass transition (E _g), the activation energy of crystallization (M _c), the order parameter (n), the rate constant (K), etc. have been determined using different non-isothermal methods. The composition dependence of the activation energies of glass transition and crystallization processes is also discussed.     

松香基季铵盐为模板剂有序超微孔二氧化硅的合成

以松香基季铵盐(脱氢枞基三甲基溴化铵,标记为DTAB)为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯为硅源、氨水为碱性介质成功合成出具有纳米片状形貌的六方有序超微孔二氧化硅材料。采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、扫描电镜等手段对样品进行表征,结果表明,体系中模板剂添加量、硅源添加量、碱性介质添加量、晶化温度、搅拌时间对前驱体的有序度有着较大的影响。当物质的量之比为nSi O2∶nDTAB∶nNH3·H2O∶nH2O=1.0∶0.1∶11.3∶924.0,晶化温度为373 K,搅拌时间为24 h,所得样品有序度最高。经煅烧后样品具有较大的比表面积(1 024 m2·g-1)和孔容(0.56 cm3·g-1),以及狭窄的孔径分布(集中于1.80 nm)。     

Preparation of ZSM‐5 Coated on Monolithic Interconnected Macroporous Al2O3 Using Cheap n‐Butylamine as Template

Using cheap n‐butylamine as template, ZSM‐5 zeolites have been successfully synthesized and coated on monolithic interconnected macroporous Al₂O₃ by the secondary growth method. The use of cheap n‐butylamine could significantly reduce the synthesis cost. Hierarchical monolithic ZSM‐5 zeolites were prepared from synthetic mixtures with different H₂O/Na₂O or SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio. The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and N₂ adsorption‐desorption. The results show that the hierarchical monolithic zeolites were obtained with cheap n‐butylamine template as template. During the hydrothermal reaction process, the morphology of the micrometer‐sized support was well maintained. The irregular crystals were formed in a wide range of the H₂O/Na₂O or SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of synthetic mixtures and coated on monolithic Al₂O₃. The relative crystallinity of the zeolites was highest at H₂O/Na₂O=250 or SiO₂/Al₂O₃=160. This type of composites exhibited hierarchical porous structures and relatively high specific surface areas.