新型三嗪类氮-硅成炭剂的合成及其热稳定性

以三聚氯氰(1)和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(2)为原料,经亲核取代反应合成了一种新型三嗪类氮-硅成炭剂——2-氯-4,6-二(3-三乙氧基硅烷基-1-氨丙基)-1,3,5-三嗪(3),其结构和热性能经1H NMR,IR和TGA表征。考察了溶剂、缚酸剂、原料比和反应温度对3产率的影响。合成3的最佳反应条件为:以丙酮为溶剂,Na2CO3为缚酸剂,1 10 mmol,n(2)∶n(1)=2.4,于50℃反应6 h,产率98.1%。3的初始分解温度为292℃,700℃时成炭率34.5%。     

新型无卤硅-氮成炭剂的合成及其热稳定性

以三聚氯氰和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,经取代反应制得2-氯-4,6-二(3-三乙氧基硅烷-1-丙氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪(3); 3与二乙烯三胺(4)反应合成了一种新型的无卤高含硅量的成炭剂(5),其结构和性能经¹H NMR, FT-IR和TGA表征。考察了物料比、缚酸剂、反应时间、反应溶剂和反应温度对5收率的影响。实验结果表明:最佳反应条件为：甲苯为溶剂,三乙胺为缚酸剂, n(3): n(4)= 3.3 : 1,于100 ℃反应11 h,收率62.7%; 5的初始分解温度为197 ℃, 700 ℃时残炭为36.7%。     

抗氧化剂1790合成反应的研究

以6-叔丁基-3-氯甲基-2,4-二甲基苯酚和氰尿酸三钠盐为原料,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中合成1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮(抗氧化剂1790),确定较佳的缩合工艺条件。考察了溶剂种类及用量、物料配比、反应温度及时间对反应收率的影响。实验结果表明:在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,反应温度为110℃,反应时间为2.5 h,n(6-叔丁基-3-氯甲基-2,4-二甲基苯酚)/n(氰尿酸三钠盐)=3.2∶1,产品收率为89%,纯度99%(HPLC面积归一化法)。产品结构经IR、MS和~1H-NMR表征。     

3,3'-二氨基-4,4'-氧化偶氮呋咱的合成

以3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF)为初始原料,用硝硫混酸-双氧水催化氧化体系代替了原来的浓硫酸-双氧水氧化体系,经一步法高效氧化合成了3,3'-二氨基-4,4'-氧化偶氮呋咱(DAOAF),其结构经1H NMR,FT-IR和元素分析确证。在最佳反应条件[DAF 0.01 mo L,硝硫混酸10 m L(30 min内滴毕),H2O212 m L,于20℃反应20 h]下,DAOAF收率和纯度分别为96.8%和99.2%。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC法)对其热稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:DAOAF的初始分解温度为250℃。     

含1,3,5-三嗪芳香二酸及其可溶性聚芳酰胺的合成

以2,4-二氯-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪为原料,通过傅克和氧化反应制备了一种新型芳香二酸2,4-二(4-甲酸基苯基)-6-芳基-1,3,5-三嗪(PTDA),并采用1H-NMR,FTIR,MS和元素分析等对其结构进行了表征.利用正交试验,重点考察了氧化反应条件对产率的影响,结果表明反应温度为25℃、反应时间为8 h、HAc与H2SO4摩尔比为10∶1、CrO3与PTDA配比为4∶1时,氧化产率最高,达81.3%.以PTDA和间苯二胺(BD)为原料,制备了新型含1,3,5-三嗪聚芳酰胺PPA,其特性黏数为0.49 dL/g.该聚酰胺表现出较好的溶解性能以及优异的热稳定性和机械性能,室温下可溶于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等溶剂中,由其溶液可制得透明薄膜;玻璃化转变温度达315℃,氮气中起始分解温度T5%为493℃,700℃下残炭率高达59%;薄膜的拉伸强度为82 MPa,断裂伸长率在8.2%,起始模量为2.3 GPa.     

十一酸-11-磺酸钠(二钠)的合成

以11-溴代十一酸为原料,于50℃~90℃分段反应12 h合成了十一酸-11-磺酸钠(1,收率95.8%),1再与NaOH反应制得十一酸-11-磺酸二钠(2),2的结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征。     

4,6-二甲基-2-甲磺酰基嘧啶的绿色合成

以4,6-二甲基-2-巯基嘧啶(DLMP)为起始原料,经过甲基化和氧化反应2步合成4,6-二甲基-2-甲磺酰基嘧啶,总收率86.7%,所用原料绿色环保。甲基化一步中使用碳酸二甲酯(DMC)为甲基化试剂,离子液[Bmim]Cl为溶剂和催化剂,反应最佳配比为:n(DLMP):n(DMC):n([Bmim]Cl)=1:1.5:2,110℃下反应3h,收率93.5%。[Bmim]Cl重复使用4次,收率略微下降。     

2-氯烟酸的合成

以3-氰基吡啶(2)为原料,经氧化、氯化和水解反应合成了2-氯烟酸(1),总收率75.1%,其结构经IR和MS表征.最点考察了影响氧化反应的因素,最佳氧化反应条件为: 2 410 mmol,n(H2O2) ∶ n(2)＝1.2 ∶ 1.0,在钨酸盐催化下于70 ℃反应8 h,收率92.2%.     

Co(acac)2催化过氧叔丁醇烯丙位与苄位氧化

以烯烃为原料,Co(acac)2为催化剂,过氧叔丁醇(t-BuO2H)为氧化剂,分别进行烯丙位与卞位氧化合成了相应的α,β-不饱和酮,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和Ms表征.较适宜的反应条件为:烯烃5 mmol,Co(acac)2 0.375 mmol,r-Bu0OH 25 mmol,在10 mL乙腈中,于60℃反应2 h～3 h,收率35%～96%.     

合成2-(三溴甲磺酰基)吡啶的工艺改进

聚乙二醇-400催化2-氯吡啶(1)与甲硫醇钠反应合成了2-甲硫基吡啶(2);2与次溴酸钠经氧化和溴化反应合成了2-三溴甲磺酰吡啶(3),其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析确证。合成2的最佳反应条件为:1 100mmol,甲硫醇钠0.12 mol,聚乙二醇-400(1.2 mL)为催化剂,于80℃反应4 h,收率98%。合成3的最佳反应条件为:2 95 mmol,n(2)∶n(溴素)=1.00∶6.58,于8℃反应5 h,收率95.1%,纯度99.6%。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。