Exponential decay of solutions to nonlinear elliptic equations with potentials

Exponential decay estimates are obtained for complex-valued solutions to nonlinear elliptic equations in where the linear term is given by Schr?dinger operators H = − Δ + V with nonnegative potentials V and the nonlinear term is given by a single power with subcritical Sobolev exponent in the attractive case. We describe specific rates of decay in terms of V, some of which are shown to be optimal. Moreover, our estimates provide a unified understanding of two distinct cases in the available literature, namely, the vanishing potential case V = 0 and the harmonic potential case V(x) = |x|². Dedicated to Professor Jun Uchiyama on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday Received: May 4, 2004     

Nonlinear elliptic equations with measure data

In this paper we prove the existence of solutions of nonlinear equations of the type-div(a(x, u, Du)+H(x, u, Du)=f, wherea andH are Caratheodory functions andf is a bounded Radon measure. We remark that the operator can be not coercive. We give also some regularity results.     

Remarks on an overdetermined boundary value problem

We modify and extend proofs of Serrin’s symmetry result for overdetermined boundary value problems from the Laplace-operator to a general quasilinear operator and remove a strong ellipticity assumption in Philippin (Maximum principles and eigenvalue problems in partial differential equations (Knoxville, TN, 1987), Longman Sci. Tech., Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser., Harlow, 175, pp. 34–48, 1988) and a growth assumption in Garofalo and Lewis (A symmetry result related to some overdetermined boundary value problems, Am. J. Math. 111, 9–33, 1989) on the diffusion coefficient A, as well as a starshapedness assumption on Ω in Fragalà et al. (Overdetermined boundary value problems with possibly degenerate ellipticity: a geometric approach. Math. Zeitschr. 254, 117–132, 2006).     

Non-relativistic global limits of entropy solutions to the isentropic relativistic Euler equations

We consider in this paper the relativistic Euler equations in isentropic fluids with the equation of state p = κ²ρ, where κ, the sound speed, is a constant less than the speed of light c. We discuss the convergence of the entropy solutions as c→∞. The analysis is based on the geometric properties of nonlinear wave curves and the Glimm’s method.     

Principal eigenvalues and the Dirichlet problem for fully nonlinear elliptic operators

We study uniformly elliptic fully nonlinear equations of the type F(D²u,Du,u,x)=f(x). We show that convex positively 1-homogeneous operators possess two principal eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, and study these objects; we obtain existence and uniqueness results for nonproper operators whose principal eigenvalues (in some cases, only one of them) are positive; finally, we obtain an existence result for nonproper Isaac's equations.     

On the Fučik point spectrum for Schrödinger operators on {\mathbb{R}}^{N}

We investigate the Fučik point spectrum of the Schr?dinger operator when the potential V_λ has a steep potential well for sufficiently large parameter λ > 0. It is allowed that S_λ has essential spectrum with finitely many eigenvalues below the infimum of . We construct the first nontrivial curve in the Fučik point spectrum by minimax methods and show some qualitative properties of the curve and the corresponding eigenfunctions. As applications we establish some results on existence of multiple solutions for nonlinear Schr?dinger equations with jumping nonlinearity.      

Nonlinear fractional field equations

In this paper, we establish the existence of ground state solutions and bound state solutions for fractional field equations

(0.1)     

Maximum principles for the polyharmonic equation on Lipschitz domains

The Agmon-Miranda maximum principle for the polyharmonic equations of all orders is shown to hold in Lipschitz domains in ℝ³. In ℝn,n≥4, the Agmon-Miranda maximum principle andL ^p-Dirichlet estimates for certainp>2 are shown to fail in Lipschitz domains for these equations. In particular if 4≤n≤2m+1 theL ^p Dirichlet problem for Δ ^m fails to be solvable forp>2(n−1)/(n−3). Supported in part by the NSF.     

Singularity of eigenfunctions at the junction of shrinking tubes,Part II

In continuation with [17], we investigate the asymptotic behavior of weighted eigenfunctions in two half-spaces connected by a thin tube. We provide several improvements about some convergences stated in [17]; most of all, we provide the exact asymptotic behavior of the implicit normalization for solutions given in [17] and thus describe the (N−1)$(N-1)$-order singularity developed at a junction of the tube (where N is the space dimension).     

Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials tending to zero at infinity

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of solutions to the N-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation −ε²Δu+V(x)u=K(x)up with u(x)>0, u∈H¹(RN), N?3 and . When the potential V(x) decays at infinity faster than ⁻²(1+|x|) and K(x)?0 is permitted to be unbounded, we will show that the positive H¹(RN)-solutions exist if it is assumed that G(x) has local minimum points for small ε>0, here with denotes the ground energy function which is introduced in [X. Wang, B. Zeng, On concentration of positive bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with competing potential functions, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 28 (1997) 633-655]. In addition, when the potential V(x) decays to zero at most like (1+|x|)^−α with 0<α?2, we also discuss the existence of positive H¹(RN)-solutions for unbounded K(x). Compared with some previous papers [A. Ambrosetti, A. Malchiodi, D. Ruiz, Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials vanishing at infinity, J. Anal. Math. 98 (2006) 317-348; A. Ambrosetti, D. Ruiz, Radial solutions concentrating on spheres of NLS with vanishing potentials, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 136 (2006) 889-907; A. Ambrosetti, Z.Q. Wang, Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with vanishing and decaying potentials, Differential Integral Equations 18 (2005) 1321-1332] and so on, we remove the restrictions on the potential function V(x) which decays at infinity like (1+|x|)^−α with 0<α?2 as well as the restrictions on the boundedness of K(x)>0. Therefore, we partly answer a question posed in the reference [A. Ambrosetti, A. Malchiodi, Concentration phenomena for NLS: Recent results and new perspectives, preprint, 2006].     

Smoothing properties of transition semigroups relative to SDEs with values in Banach spaces

In the present paper we consider the transition semigroup P _t related to some stochastic reaction-diffusion equations with the nonlinear term f having polynomial growth and satisfying some dissipativity conditions. We are proving that it has a regularizing effect in the Banach space of continuous functions , where ⊂ℝ ^d is a bounded open set. In L ²() the only result proved is the strong Feller property, for d=1. Here we are able to prove that if f∈C ^∞(ℝ) and d≤3, then for any and t>0. An important application is to the study of the ergodic properties of the system. These results are also of interest for some problem in stochastic control. Received: 20 August 1997 / Revised version: 27 May 1998     

Single-point condensation phenomena for a four-dimensional biharmonic Ren–Wei problem

We continue to study the asymptotic behavior of least energy solutions to the following fourth order elliptic problem (E _p ): as p gets large, where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in R ⁴ . In our earlier paper (Takahashi in Osaka J. Math., 2006), we have shown that the least energy solutions remain bounded uniformly in p and they have one or two “peaks” away form the boundary. In this note, following the arguments in Adimurthi and Grossi (Proc. AMS 132(4):1013–1019, 2003) and Lin and Wei (Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 56:784–809, 2003), we will obtain more sharper estimates of the upper bound of the least energy solutions and prove that the least energy solutions must develop single-point spiky pattern, under the assumption that the domain is convex.     

An optimization problem for the first eigenvalue of the ‐fractional Laplacian

In this paper we analyze an eigenvalue problem related to the nonlocal p‐Laplace operator plus a potential. After reviewing some elementary properties of the first eigenvalue of these operators (existence, positivity of associated eigenfunctions, simplicity and isolation) we investigate the dependence of the first eigenvalue on the potential function and establish the existence of some optimal potentials in some admissible classes.     

On symmetry of nonnegative solutions of elliptic equations

We consider the Dirichlet problem for a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations on a bounded domain Ω. We assume that Ω is symmetric about a hyperplane H and convex in the direction perpendicular to H. By a well-known result of Gidas, Ni and Nirenberg and its generalizations, all positive solutions are reflectionally symmetric about H and decreasing away from the hyperplane in the direction orthogonal to H. For nonnegative solutions, this result is not always true. We show that, nonetheless, the symmetry part of the result remains valid for nonnegative solutions: any nonnegative solution u is symmetric about H  . Moreover, we prove that if u?0$u?0$, then the nodal set of u divides the domain Ω into a finite number of reflectionally symmetric subdomains in which u has the usual Gidas–Ni–Nirenberg symmetry and monotonicity properties. We also show several examples of nonnegative solutions with a nonempty interior nodal set.     

Asymptotic behaviour of equicoercive diffusion energies in dimension two

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behaviour of a given equicoercive sequence of diffusion energies F _n , , defined in L ²(Ω), for a bounded open subset Ω of . We prove that, contrary to the dimension three (or greater), the Γ-limit of any convergent subsequence of F _n is still a diffusion energy. We also provide an explicit representation formula of the Γ-limit when its domains contains the regular functions with compact support in Ω. This compactness result is based on the uniform convergence satisfied by some minimizers of the equicoercive sequence F _n , which is specific to the dimension two. The compactness result is applied to the period framework, when the energy density is a highly oscillating sequence of equicoercive matrix-valued functions. So, we give a definitive answer to the question of the asymptotic behaviour of periodic conduction problems under the only assumption of equicoerciveness for the two-dimensional conductivity.     

A bifurcation problem governed by the boundary condition I

We deal with positive solutions of Δu = a(x)u ^p in a bounded smooth domain subject to the boundary condition ∂u/∂v = λu, λ a parameter, p > 1. We prove that this problem has a unique positive solution if and only if 0 < λ < σ₁ where, roughly speaking, σ₁ is finite if and only if |∂Ω ∩ {a = 0}| > 0 and coincides with the first eigenvalue of an associated eigenvalue problem. Moreover, we find the limit profile of the solution as λ → σ₁. Supported by DGES and FEDER under grant BFM2001-3894 (J. García-Melián and J. Sabina) and ANPCyT PICT No. 03-05009 (J. D. Rossi). J.D. Rossi is a member of CONICET.     

Existence of solutions of Two-Phase free boundary problems for fully nonlinear elliptic equations of second order

In this article, we have established existence of a solution to the 2 -phase free boundary problem for some fully nonlinear elliptic equations and also shown the free boundary has finite Hⁿ⁻¹ Hausdorff measure and a normal in a measuretheoretic sense Hⁿ⁻¹ almost everywhere. The regularity theory developed in [9] and [10] for this free boundary problem then leads to the fact that the free boundary is locally a C^1,α surface near Hⁿ⁻¹-a.e. point.     

Concentration of solutions for some singularly perturbed mixed problems: Asymptotics of minimal energy solutions

In this paper we carry on the study of asymptotic behavior of some solutions to a singularly perturbed problem with mixed Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, started in the first paper [J. Garcia Azorero, A. Malchiodi, L. Montoro, I. Peral, Concentration of solutions for some singularly perturbed mixed problems: Existence results, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., in press]. Here we are mainly interested in the analysis of the location and shape of least energy solutions when the singular perturbation parameter tends to zero. We show that in many cases they coincide with the new solutions produced in [J. Garcia Azorero, A. Malchiodi, L. Montoro, I. Peral, Concentration of solutions for some singularly perturbed mixed problems: Existence results, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., in press].     

Multiplicity of solutions for Kirchhoff type equations involving critical Sobolev exponents in high dimension

In this paper, we study the following Kirchhoff‐type elliptic problem where is a bounded domain with smooth boundary ?Ω, a,b,λ,μ > 0 and 1 < q < 2^?=2N/(N ? 2). When N = 4, we obtain that there is a ground state solution to the problem for q∈(2,4) by using a variational methods constrained on the Nehari manifold and also show the problem possesses infinitely many negative energy solutions for q∈(1,2) by applying usual Krasnoselskii genus theory. In addition, we admit that there is a positive solution to the equations for N≥5 under some suitable conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sparse second moment analysis for elliptic problems in stochastic domains

We consider the numerical solution of elliptic boundary value problems in domains with random boundary perturbations. Assuming normal perturbations with small amplitude and known mean field and two-point correlation function, we derive, using a second order shape calculus, deterministic equations for the mean field and the two-point correlation function of the random solution for a model Dirichlet problem which are 3rd order accurate in the boundary perturbation size. Using a variational boundary integral equation formulation on the unperturbed, “nominal” boundary and a wavelet discretization, we present and analyze an algorithm to approximate the random solution’s mean and its two-point correlation function at essentially optimal order in essentially work and memory, where N denotes the number of unknowns required for consistent discretization of the boundary of the nominal domain. This work was supported by the EEC Human Potential Programme under contract HPRN-CT-2002-00286, “Breaking Complexity.” Work initiated while HH visited the Seminar for Applied Mathematics at ETH Zürich in the Wintersemester 2005/06 and completed during the summer programme CEMRACS2006 “Modélisation de l’aléatoire et propagation d’incertitudes” in July and August 2006 at the C.I.R.M., Marseille, France.