中药药对的化学成分研究川芎-赤芍挥发油的GC/MS分析

中药药对是复方的最小组成单位,具有中药配伍的基本特点. 药对化学是复方化学的核心内容. 联用色谱和化学计量学方法为中药复杂体系的分离与分辨提供了强有力的工具. 采用GC-MS法分离测定中药药对川芎-赤芍、 单味药川芎和赤芍的挥发油成分,并对其中的重叠色谱峰采用化学计量学解析方法(CRM)进行分辨,得到药对和各单味药的纯色谱曲线和质谱图,药对川芎-赤芍、 单味药川芎和赤芍分别分辨出82,78和57个色谱峰,通过质谱库对分辨的纯组分进行定性,分别得到61,52和33个定性结果,占总含量的90.18%,95.14%和95.82%.     

药对白术-茅苍术及其单味药中挥发油成分的比较分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取单味药白术、茅苍术及其药对中挥发油成分,通过气-质联用技术(GC-MS)对其分离检测,利用直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP)分辨解析重叠色谱峰,并结合程序升温保留指数辅助定性.从白术、茅苍术及其药对中依次鉴定出29,50,62个组分,分别占各自挥发油总量的95.93%, 97 44%, 97.47%;其中20种挥发油成分共存于单味药与药对中,主要是2-(2-甲氧基)苯甲氧基苯酚、γ-芹子烯、雅槛蓝树油烯、大根香叶烯B等.组成药对后,白术减少8种组分,茅苍术减少12种组分,而药对新增22种组分,主要是单萜烯类的低沸点化合物,新增组分在药对中的作用不容忽视.     

药对青蒿-桂枝中挥发油成分的GC-MS分析与化学计量学解析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从青蒿、桂枝及其药对中提取挥发油成分,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行分离检测,通过化学计量学解析法(CRM)对重叠色谱峰解析,并结合程序升温保留指数辅助定性.从药对及其单味药青蒿、桂枝中分别鉴定出69、66、68种挥发油;组成药对后,单味药成分减少,新成分增加,药对与单味药挥发油共存17种组分,它们是cis-细辛醚、丁子香烯、丁子香烯环氧化物等成分,占药对挥发油总含量的35.82%;而药对中挥发油的主要成分是(E)-桂皮醛(18.32%)和cis-细辛醚(10.20%)等,其含量并非单味药含量的简单相加,相关作用机理有待进一步研究.     

不同提取方法对蜘蛛香挥发油的研究

考察微波辅助萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法对提取蜘蛛香挥发油化学成分的影响。分别采用微波辅助萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取蜘蛛香挥发油,并用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)对所提取的挥发油化学成分进行分析。微波辅助萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法制得的蜘蛛香挥油化学成分有一定的差别。     

微波提取对挥发油化学成分的影响

采用无溶剂微波辅助提取与微波水蒸气蒸馏法提取薄荷叶和花椒挥发油,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析挥发油化学成分,与传统的水蒸气蒸馏对比,考察了微波对挥发油化学成分的影响.结果表明,微波促使薄荷叶挥发油中的薄荷醇氧化,转变为长叶薄荷酮和少量的薄荷呋喃酮.花椒挥发油中的按油素等化合物受质子的催化,在长时间温度较高的提取条件...     

GC-MS和HELP法分析药对陈皮-青皮与其单味药挥发油成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取药对陈皮-青皮与其单味药的挥发油成分,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)和化学计量学多元分辨方法—直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP),同时结合程序升温保留指数(PTRI)进行挥发油成分定性定量分析.分别在陈皮、青皮和药对陈皮-青皮的挥发油中鉴定出27、27和23个成分,定性组分含量分别占三者挥发油总含量的93.64％、96.45％和85.28％,共有化合物19种;主要化学成分为D-柠檬烯、γ-萜品烯、芳樟醇和α-法呢烯.     

固体微波介质加热快速提取新鲜橘皮中挥发油组分

对传统微波加热模式进行了改进,以具有良好微波吸收性能的微波吸收固体介质取代传统溶剂和水,将其加入到新鲜样品的提取体系,达到快速升温的目的.将改进的微波辅助无溶剂法应用于提取新鲜植物样品中挥发油组分,并考察了3种微波吸收介质(羰基铁粉、石墨粉和活性炭粉)对提取结果的影响.结果证明:对于新鲜样品,除活性炭粉无法使用外,羰基铁粉和石墨粉均适用.在20 g微波吸收介质及85 W微波功率的加热作用下,仅需30 min即可将100 g样品中的挥发油提取完全.通过与传统微波辅助无溶剂法、微波辅助水蒸馏法和传统水蒸馏法比较,改进的微波辅助无溶剂法具有提取时间短(30 min)、耗电量小(0.43 kW · h/kg)等优点,且所得挥发油组分无明显差别.此外,还考察了烘干过程对橘皮挥发油组成的影响,发现橘皮挥发油的组成受烘干影响较大.     

山腊梅中挥发油成分分析

山腊梅(Chimonanthus nitensO liv.)除了具有较大的观赏价值,还具有较高的药用价值,如中国药典记载山腊梅叶可用于防治感冒和流行性感冒[1],中药腊梅解毒汤能治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎,目前临床上已开发出了腊梅止咳露、山腊梅滴丸等产品。山腊梅具有浓郁的香味,据报道山腊梅叶的精     

微波辅助蒸汽蒸馏提取-气相色谱-质谱法测定矮化芳樟枝叶挥发油成分

采用微波辅助蒸汽蒸馏提取法对矮化芳樟枝或叶中挥发油进行提取,用气相色谱-质谱法测定其中的挥发油成分。所得结果与传统蒸汽蒸馏提取法数据对比,两种方法所得枝叶挥发油主要成分和含量基本相同;但微波辅助蒸汽蒸馏提取法仅需37.5min即可达到最高提取率。     

气相色谱/质谱-化学计量学法分析测定药对桃仁-红花挥发油

药对是中药配伍中最基本、最常用的形式,具有中药配伍的基本特点。药对化学是复方化学的核心内容。联用色谱和化学计量学方法是分析中药复方复杂体系的有效工具。采用GC/MS法分离测定了药对桃仁-红花、单味药桃仁和红花的挥发油成分,并对其重叠色谱峰采用化学计量学解析法进行了分辨,得到药对和各单味药的纯色谱曲线和质谱。药对桃仁-红花、单味药桃仁和红花分辨出的色谱峰,通过质谱库对其进行定性,分别得到84、27和52个定性结果,占总含量的92.06%、89.43%和94%。实验结果表明:桃仁-红花挥发油成分与单味药桃仁和红花的存在较大差别,也不是两者挥发油成分之加和。     

液相色谱/质谱/质谱联用鉴定赤芍中的一种新化合物

利用液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术，鉴定了赤芍中分子量为496的两种化合物。研究了芍药甙的二级质谱断裂行为来帮助鉴定已知化合物氧化芍药甙。通过比较不同碰撞能量下的未知化合物子和氧化芍药甙的离子碎片，确定了未知化合物的基本结构单元。借助紫外光谱初步确定此未知化合物为邻位氧化芍药甙，是已报道活性成分对位氧化芍药甙的同分异构体。这是邻位氧化芍药的甙的首次报道。     

精油化学的进展

本文粗略回顾了精油化学的新进展,对精油的研究方法、精油成分的合成及生源也有所论述。同时介绍了当前精油研究中常用的文献。     

Anxiolytic-like Effect of Inhaled Cinnamon Essential Oil and Its Main Component Cinnamaldehyde in Animal Models

Aromatherapy is one of the most common safer alternative treatments for psychiatric disorders with fewer side effects than conventional drugs. Here, we investigated the effects of cinnamon essential oil (CIEO) inhalation on mouse behaviors by performing different behavioral tests. CIEO inhalation showed anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus maze test, as inferred from increased time spent in open arms and decreased time spent in closed arms. Moreover, the CIEO treatment enhanced social behavior by increasing the total contact number, time spent in the center, distance traveled in the center, and total distance in the social interaction test. However, CIEO inhalation did not have any effect on performance in the open field test, tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and Y maze tests. The microarray analysis indicated that the CIEO treatment downregulated 17 genes and upregulated 15 genes in the hippocampus. Among them, Dcc, Egr2, and Fos are the most crucial genes that are involved in anxiety-related biological processes and pathways, including the regulation of neuronal death and neuroinflammation. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed that cinnamaldehyde is the main component of CIEO. Cinnamaldehyde recovered MK-801-induced anxiety-related changes in the electroencephalogram power spectrum in zebrafish. Taken together, our findings suggest that CIEO and its main component cinnamaldehyde have an anxiolytic effect through the regulation of the expression of genes related to neuroinflammatory response and neuronal death.     

粉苞苣挥发油化学成分的GC-MS测定分析

利用气相色谱 质谱联用技术对粉苞苣的挥发油成分进行分析测定.从这种植物挥发油的45个峰中鉴定出27个化合物,所鉴定的组分占挥发油色谱总峰面积的77.25%.     

The Essential Oil of Ajuga bombycina from Turkey

Water-distilled essential oil fromAjuga bombycina,endemic in Turkey, was analyzed by GC/MS. Fifty-four compounds were characterized representing 96.2% of the oil with-pinene (28.2%),-pinene (18.5%), germacrene D (8.5%), and-phellandrene + limonene (6.9%) as the major constituents     

微波辅助法提取香根净油的研究

采用微波辅助法提取香根净油,通过实验确定了最佳提取工艺条件。研究结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为：提取液中乙醇体积分数为80%,固液比1∶10（g/mL）,微波频率2450MHz,功率1190W,微波时间5min。最佳提取工艺条件下香根净油提取率为6.41%。     

Composition of Essential Oil from Salvia officinalis Cultivated in Georgia

Essential oil (1.1%) is isolated fromSalvia officinaliscultivated in Georgia. Its properties are: ₂₀ 0.921, n _D ²⁰ 1.463, [] _D ²⁰ +24.91 , acid number 2.8, ketone content 65.4% (oxime method). GLC showed the presence of 11 terpenes, among which -thujone (31.56%), -thujone (17.55), camphor (16.48), and 1,8-cineol (17.53) are present in the highest amounts.     

Myorelaxant Effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides Essential Oil on Sus scrofa domesticus Coronary Artery and Its Toxicity in the Drosophila melanogaster Model

Purpose: Alternative methods for the use of animals in research have gained increasing importance, due to assessments evaluating the real need for their use and the development of legislation that regulates the subject. The principle of the 3R’s (replacement, reduction and refinement) has been an important reference, such that in vitro, ex vivo and cord replacement methods have achieved a prominent place in research. Methods: Therefore, due to successful results from studies developed with these methods, the present study aimed to evaluate the myorelaxant effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil (EODa) using a Sus scrofa domesticus coronary artery model, and the toxicity of both the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil and its major constituent, α-terpinene, against Drosophila melanogaster in toxicity and negative geotaxis assays. Results: The EODa relaxed the smooth muscle of swine coronary arteries precontracted with K⁺ and 5-HT in assays using Sus scrofa domesticus coronary arteries. The toxicity results presented LC₅₀ values of 1.546 mg/mL and 2.282 mg/mL for the EODa and α-terpinene, respectively, thus showing the EODa and α-terpinene presented toxicity to these dipterans, with the EODa being more toxic. Conclusions: Moreover, the results reveal the possibility of using the EODa in vascular disease studies since it promoted the relaxation of the Sus scrofa domesticus coronary smooth muscle.     

西洋参中挥发油化学成分的分析

利用气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用装置分析吉林栽培西洋参挥发油中的化学成分及相对含量。由于没有按照常规的乙醚提取，而紧 ８０％的甲醇提取，因此得到的挥发油成分及含量与文献报道有很大的差别，共鉴定出２３种化合物，其中醌类及酸类约占总挥发油含量的６５％，为该部分挥发油的主要成分。     

中药鬼灯擎根精油成分的研究

鬼灯擎(Roodgersia aesculifolia,Batal):又名慕荷,系虎耳草科(Saxifagacede)鬼灯擎属,主要分布于甘肃、陕西、四川、河南等省,而甘肃天水、陇南山区资源十分丰富。民间常用于治疗湿热下痢、久泻、白浊、崩带、金疮等疾病。经我们对该植物根部化学成分的研宄和有效部位的药理试验证明,对耶尔森菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等十种病菌和单纯泡疹病毒及