制备条件对CdWO4纳米棒的光致发光性能的影响

以Na₂WO₄和CdCl₂为主要原料，在130 ℃水热制备了CdWO₄纳米棒，并用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱元素分析(EDS)对产物进行了表征。结果表明，产物为长约100 nm，直径10～30 nm的CdWO₄纳米棒。研究了不同反应条件下制备的CdWO₄纳米棒的光致发光性能。     

Cd2+掺杂ZnWO4纳米棒的合成和光致发光性能研究

采用简单的水热法合成了Cd2+掺杂ZnWO4纳米棒.通过SEM、TEM、EDX和XRD等手段对产物进行了表征.实验结果表明,产物为直径约20 nm.长300～500 nm的Cd2+掺杂ZnWO4纳米棒.研究了Cd2+掺杂量对ZnWO4纳米棒的光致发光性能的影响,随着Cd2+掺杂量的增加,ZnWO4纳米棒的光致发光强度随之增强.     

Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的水热法制备及其光致发光性能

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O 和Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料, 通过水热法在较低温度下制备了纯ZnO和Co掺杂的ZnO(ZnO:Co)纳米棒. 利用XRD、EDS、TEM和HRTEM对样品进行了表征, 结合光致发光(PL)谱研究了样品的PL性能. 结果表明, 水热法制备纯ZnO和ZnO:Co纳米棒均具有较好的结晶度. Co2+是以替代的形式进入ZnO晶格, 掺入量为2%(原子分数)左右. 纯的ZnO纳米棒平均直径约为20 nm, 平均长度约为180 nm; 掺杂样品的平均直径值约为15 nm, 平均长度约为200 nm左右; Co掺杂轻微地影响ZnO纳米棒的生长. 另外, Co掺杂能够调整ZnO纳米棒的能带结构、提高表面态含量, 进而使得ZnO:Co纳米棒的紫外发光峰位红移, 可见光发光能力增强.     

Ag掺杂对n-ZnO纳米棒/p-GaN异质结结构和发光性能的影响

利用简单的水热合成法在p-GaN薄膜上制备了Ag掺杂的一维ZnO纳米棒（ZnO NRs）,并且研究了Ag掺杂对于ZnO NRs结构和形貌以及n-ZnO NRs/p-GaN异质结发光特性的影响。结果表明,不同Ag掺杂浓度的ZnO纳米棒截面均呈六边形的棒状结构,且纳米棒的取向垂直于衬底;XRD分析结果表明,随着Ag掺杂浓度的增加,ZnO纳米棒（0002）晶面的峰位向衍射角减小的方向移动,表明Ag⁺置换了ZnO晶格中的部分Zn²⁺后使其晶格常数略增加;随着Ag掺杂浓度的增加,ZnO纳米棒近带边发光峰发生一定的红移并且强度逐渐减弱,黄带发光峰逐渐增强,n-ZnO NRs/p-GaN异质结具有更好的传输效率。     

Ag掺杂对n-ZnO纳米棒/p-GaN异质结结构和发光性能的影响

利用简单的水热合成法在p-GaN薄膜上制备了Ag掺杂的一维ZnO纳米棒(ZnO NRs),并且研究了Ag掺杂对于ZnO NRs结构和形貌以及n-ZnO NRs/p-GaN异质结发光特性的影响。结果表明,不同Ag掺杂浓度的ZnO纳米棒截面均呈六边形的棒状结构,且纳米棒的取向垂直于衬底;XRD分析结果表明,随着Ag掺杂浓度的增加,ZnO纳米棒(0002)晶面的峰位向衍射角减小的方向移动,表明Ag+置换了ZnO晶格中的部分Zn2+后使其晶格常数略增加;随着Ag掺杂浓度的增加,ZnO纳米棒近带边发光峰发生一定的红移并且强度逐渐减弱,黄带发光峰逐渐增强,n-ZnO NRs/p-GaN异质结具有更好的传输效率。     

ZnWO4:Er3+,Yb3+纳米棒的制备及发光性能

采用水热法以聚乙二醇为分散剂合成了Er3+,Yb3+共掺的ZnWO4纳米棒.X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜分析结果表明:所得产物为直径约20 nm的ZnWO4纳米棒.在激发波长为980 nm的半导体激光器做光源激发下,确定样品的3个发射峰的发光中心位于532、553和656 nm,分别对应于铒离子2H11/2→4I15/2,4S3/2→4I15/2和4F9/2→4I15/2的跃迁.     

ZnO纳米棒薄膜的湿化学法制备及光致发光特性

在80 ℃水浴下, 采用简易的湿化学法在不导电玻璃基底上制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列, 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)对样品的结构形貌进行了表征. 结果表明, 晶化30 min所得产物为六方纤锌矿相的ZnO纳米棒, 直径大约为80~90 nm. 为了分析不同的低温退火温度和退火气氛对其光致发光性能的影响, 研究了ZnO纳米棒薄膜在不同的后处理条件下的光致发光谱(PL). 实验结果表明, 在O₂气氛下于450 ℃退火1 h后, ZnO纳米棒薄膜的红光发射(约650 nm)强度相对在空气和5%H₂/95%N₂气氛下退火的样品变得更强, 而且该样品的激发波长范围(200~370 nm)与近紫外发光二极管(LEDs)的发射波长范围(350~420 nm)匹配得很好.     

醇热法制备ZnO纳米棒及其发光性能

在常压条件下,以油酸为分散剂一步反应醇热法制备ZnO纳米棒,利用XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM和FTIR等分析技术对产物进行了表征,对产物退火前后的光致发光性能进行了测试,并对ZnO纳米棒生长机理进行讨论. 结果表明,ZnO纳米棒沿[001]方向择优取向生长,直径为10～15 nm,长度为150～200 nm,油酸与ZnO表面Zn(Ⅱ)以螯合键形式相结合,具有良好的近紫外发光性能. 随着退火温度升高,产物深能级发光强度先降低后增加.     

水热法生长方式对ZnO纳米棒阵列结构和性能的影响

本文系统地比较了三种方式制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列的结构和性能的异同.根据水热法生长液中碱来源的不同,ZnO纳米棒阵列的生长方式分为三种:N方式(氨水)、H方式(六次甲基四胺)和NH方式(两次N方式和一次H方式).通过扫描电子显微镜,对这三种方式生长的ZnO纳米棒阵列形貌进行了表征.此外,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和激光拉曼光谱对ZnO的结晶性能进行比较.结果表明,ZnO纳米棒阵列的取向性N≈NH>H,ZnO的晶体质量H>NH>N.NH方式综合N方式和H方式的优势,得到了取向性和晶体质量优良的ZnO纳米棒阵列.这将为在进一步应用中有效地选择ZnO纳米棒阵列的制备方式提供重要信息.     

Gd_2O_3:Eu~(3+)纳米棒的制备与发光性能

在表面活性剂辅助的水热条件下合成出尺寸均一的Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米棒,对其结构和荧光性质进行了表征,并对其生长机理进行了初步讨论.XRD结果表明,水热前驱体样品为六方晶相的Gd(OH)3,经过灼烧之后样品为立方相的Gd2O3.TEM照片表明,所得样品为直径60 nm,长度约600 nm的纳米棒.荧光光谱表明,在波长为254 nm 的紫外光激发下,Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米棒产生了不同于前驱体的特征红光发射,对应于Eu3+ 的5D0-7F2跃迁,表明Gd2O3是红色发光材料的良好基质.     

Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized ZnWO4 Prepared by the Sol-gel Method

Nanosized ZnWO4 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized via the sol-gel process in a temperature range of 450-800 ℃.The grain size,crystal size,and crystallinity of ZnWO4 particles increased with the increase of calcination temperature and prolonging calcination time.The photocatalytic activity was measured for the degradation of an aqueous Rhodamine-B(RhB)solution and gaseous formaldehyde(FAD).With the increase of calcination temperature and time,the activities increased to a maximum and then decreased.ZnWO4 photocatalyst prepared at 550 ℃ for 10 h showed the highest activity,which is similar to the photocatalytic activity of P25TiO2 for the degradation of gaseous FAD.High crystallinity,large surface area,and good dispersion are responsible for the high photocatalytic performance of the prepared ZnWO4.     

ZnWO4 nanocrystals/reduced graphene oxide hybrids: Synthesis and their application for Li ion batteries

ZnWO4,as an environment-friendly and economic material,has the potential for Li ion batteries(LIB)application.In this paper,a facile method has been developed to synthesize ZnWO4supported on the reduced graphene oxide(RGO)to improve its LIB performance.The cuboid-like ZnWO4nanocrystals are prepared by directly adding Na2WO4 powders into the graphene oxide/Zn aqueous solution followed by a hydrothermal treatment.The high-resolution TEM,XRD and XPS characterizations were employed to demonstrate structural information of the as-prepared ZnWO4/RGO hybrids carefully.Besides,we also discussed the LIB properties of the hybrids based on the detailed galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling tests.As a result,the specific capacity of the as-prepared ZnWO4/RGO hybrids reached more than 477.3 mA h g 1after 40 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g 1(only less than 159 mA g 1for bare ZnWO4).During the whole cyclic process,the coulombic efficiency steadily kept the values higher than 90%.     

Ensemble Effects in the Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence of Silicon Nanocrystals

In this work the temperature-dependent photoluminescence of alkyl-capped silicon nanocrystals with mean diameters of between 3 and 9 nm has been investigated. The nanocrystals were characterized extensively by FTIR, TEM, powder XRD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy prior to low-temperature and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy experiments. The photoluminescence (PL) properties were evaluated in the temperature range of 41–300 K. We found that the well-known temperature-dependent blueshift of the PL maximum decreases with increasing nanocrystal diameter and eventually becomes a redshift for nanocrystal diameters larger than 6 nm. This implies that the observed shifts cannot be explained solely by band-gap widening, as is commonly assumed. We propose that the luminescence of drop-cast silicon nanocrystals is affected by particle ensemble effects, which can explain the otherwise surprising temperature dependence of the luminescence peak.     

氮化硅纳米线制备过程中反应条件的影响

采用X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜技术, 考察了溶胶-凝胶法制备氮化硅纳米线过程中反应条件(添加剂种类和含量、反应时间以及反应温度)对碳热还原产物组成和形貌的影响. 结果表明, 碳化后铁含量为5%(w)的凝胶, 在1300 ℃下反应10 h, Si₃N₄纳米线产率较高. 添加剂的种类和含量不同, 所得产物的组成和形貌也不相同.随着反应温度的升高或反应时间的延长,产物经历了一个从SiO_x到Si₂N₂O 再到Si₃N₄的转变过程. 在有金属组分存在时, Si₃N₄纳米线由气-液-固过程形成.     

Preparation of Monodisperse Ferrite Nanocrystals with Tunable Morphology and Magnetic Properties

The synthesis of monodisperse magnetic ferrite nanomaterials plays an important role in several scientific and technological areas. In this work, dibasic spinel MFe₂O₄ (M=Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) and polybasic spinel ferrite MCoFeO₄ (M=Mg, Ni, Mn, MgNi) nanocrystals were prepared by the calcination of layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors at 900 °C, which was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrate that the as‐obtained spinel ferrites present a single‐crystalline nature with uniform particle size and good dispersibility. The composition, morphology, and particle size can be effectively tuned by changing the metal ratio, basicity, reaction time, and temperature of the LDH precursors. In addition, these spinel ferrites show high magnetic saturation values in the range 21.7–84.3 emu g^?1, which maintain a higher level than the previously reported magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, this work provides a facile approach for the design and fabrication of spinel ferrites with controllable nanostructure and improved magnetism, which could potentially be used in magnetic and biological fields, such as recording media, sensors, drug delivery, and intracellular imaging.     

NaYF4∶Er3＋, Yb3＋纳米晶的液相合成

采用丙三醇液相结晶法制备了NaYF4∶Er3＋, Yb3＋上转换纳米晶, 合成步骤被简化. 常温下, 用980 nm的红外激光激发可以观察到很强的绿光、红光发射, 用荧光光谱仪记录了该上转换光谱. X射线粉末衍射(XRD)结果表明, 该方法制备NaYF4∶Er3＋, Yb3＋纳米晶属于立方混合六方晶系. 研究了纳米晶的上转换发光机理, 根据晶体场理论对Er3＋的两个上转换能级进行了Stark分裂计算, 对两个能级之间的谱线进行了归属, 进一步证实了980 nm光子激发Er3＋离子的上转换机理, 一个是连续吸收两个980 nm光子的过程(激发态吸收), 另一个是吸收980 nm光子后, 电子转移到亚稳态能级, 然后再吸收980 nm光子过程(能量转移上转换).     

Influence of Operating Conditions on BaSO4 Crystal Size and Morphology in a Continuous Couette Precipitator

Precipitation of a sparingly soluble salt in the annular gap of a continuous Couette reactor with two unpremixed feeds has been experimentally investigated. Barium chloride and sodium sulphate in stoichiometric ratio are fed at different flow rate in the lower part of the reactor; different feeding modes have been considered. The dependence of precipitation yield, mean crystal size and particle size distribution on rotation speed, axial flow rate and initial supersaturation ratio has been studied. Depending on the operating conditions crystals with different morphologies have been obtained, varying from dentritic tabular crystals to complex pyramidal ones and from single crystals to aggregates. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.