盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂甙元的反相高效液相色谱测定

盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea Zingiberensis)为薯蓣科植物,其根茎俗称黄姜,产于四川、陕西、云南、湖南、湖北等省。本品为不常用中药,用于工业上提取皂素,主要成分是皂甙,水解得薯蓣皂甙元。它是异螺旋甾烷衍生物,化学名为Δ~5-异螺旋甾烯-3β-醇,是生产甾体激素类药物原料。以往测定薯蓣科植物中薯蓣皂甙元的含量多采用重量法、库伦法、薄层扫描等方法。这些定量方法操作繁杂,测定准确度不高。气相色谱测定皂甙元曾有文献报道。本文研究了薯蓣皂甙元的反相高效液相色谱测定,基于样品中各组分     

反相高效液相色谱法测定穿山龙中的薯蓣皂甙元

利用超临界CO2萃取技术从穿山龙中提取薯蓣皂甙元,建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定穿山龙中薯蓣皂甙元的方法.采用Shim-pack CLC-ODS(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为V(甲醇):V(水)=99:1,流速为1.0mL/min,UV检测波长为206 nm.在0.2～2.0 mg/mL范围内,薯蓣皂甙元峰面积与其质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9997.进行了高、中、低3个不同浓度的加标回收率测定,相应的回收率分别为101.5%,99.88%,98.45%,平均值99.94%,RSD为1.7%.     

薯蓣皂甙元的分光光度法测定

本文以黄姜为主要对象研究了薯蓣皂甙元的定量测定方法，以香荚兰醛－高氯酸为显色剂，冰醋酸为溶剂，使皂甙元显色，用分光光度法在波长为５３０ｎｍ处测定薯蓣皂甙元的含量。从植物中提取的皂甙元不需分离可直接测定。在１．００～２０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内呈良好的线性关系。     

薯蓣皂甙元水溶性衍生物的合成及其应用

薯蓣皂甙元具有增强心脏收缩力,减慢心率,抗动脉硬化,改善微循环,抗衰老以及抗关节炎等功效.但由于薯蓣皂甙元水溶性非常差,其临床应用受到了很大的限制.迄今为止,只有薯蓣皂甙元水溶性衍生物--皂甙的生产方法及其临床应用(如地奥心血康)报道.为进一步了解薯蓣皂甙元的其它水溶性衍生物的生理活性,我们以薯蓣皂甙元为原料,设计并合成了一系列的薯蓣皂甙元衍生物及其盐(图1和图2)[1-5].这些化合物的水溶性比薯蓣皂甙元明显增加,而且它们对大鼠都具有抗心肌梗死活性.     

重楼中薯蓣皂甙元的反相高效液相色谱测定

采用高效液相色谱法测定了重楼中薯蓣皂甙元的质量分数。样品先经甲醇提取,再经酸水解,将重楼甾体皂甙转变成薯蓣皂甙元,以ＳｙｍｍｅｔｒｙＣ８柱为色谱柱,以Ｖ（乙腈）∶Ｖ（水）＝７５∶２５溶液为流动相,检测波长２０３ｎｍ,重复性较好,结果令人满意。     

ASE-HPLC法测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的含量

采用ASE200快速溶剂萃取机提取技术和高效液相色谱法,测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的含量。确定了ASE200提取条件以及HPLC测定条件,以甲醇作为流动相,流速1mL/min,UV检测器,测定波长210nm,采用YWGC18柱(150mm×4.6mmi.d.,10μm)。测定皂甙元的线性范围为0.01～2.93g/L,r=0.9996,样品检出限为0.2mg/L,加标回收率为97.1%～99.8%,RSD=1.1%(n=7)。     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定绿茶叶中叶绿素总量

以0.4 mol.L-1盐酸7.5 mL为提取剂,经过两次各15 s中档超声波辅助酸置换出卟啉环中的镁离子,原子吸收光谱法间接测定了不同采摘期的绿茶叶片中叶绿素总含量。方法的加标回收率为98%~99%,RSD为2.3%~4.2%。     

电感耦合等离子体–原子发射光谱法同时测定铝合金中9种元素

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱同时测定铝合金中9种元素含量的方法。铝合金样品采用碱溶法预处理,以质量分数为40%的氢氧化钠溶液溶解,再用盐酸-硝酸混合酸酸化,然后用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定样品中铁、硅、铜、镁、锰、锌、钛、镍、铬9种元素的含量。各元素的含量与对应的发射强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数不小于0.9990;各元素检出限为0.0001%~0.0012%。应用该方法测定2个铝合金标准样品,测定结果与标示值一致,相对标准偏差为0.46%~2.14%(n=8)。将该法应用于试样测定时,加标回收率为92%~106%。该方法精密度和准确度高,操作简便、快速,适用于实验室铝合金多元素含量的检测。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定饮用水中硫酸盐

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定饮用水中硫酸盐的含量。利用硫酸根可与钡离子定量结合产生沉淀,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定滤液中剩余钡离子浓度,根据钡离子消耗量间接测定硫酸盐含量。钡离子的质量浓度在200 mg·L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为1.6mg·L-1。方法用于标准水样的分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.72%~3.9%之间,测定结果与国家标准方法测定值相符。     

黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的提取、纯化及其鉴定

以湖南浏阳的盾叶薯蓣为实验材料,从发酵时间、水解时间、抽提物的pH值、回流时间对盾叶薯蓣皂甙元提取率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,发酵时间24h,水解4h,回流时间为5h,抽提物pH值近中性时可获得最佳提取率。用硅胶层析加重结晶的方法对薯蓣皂甙元粗品进行了提纯,并对纯品的结构进行了初步鉴定。     

间接原子吸收法测定硫酸庆大霉素

建立了在镍离子存在下测定硫酸庆大霉素的间接原子吸收法。硫酸庆大霉素与二硫化碳反应,生成不溶于碱液的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸镍沉淀,离心分离后以AAS法测定沉淀中镍的量来间接确定硫酸庆大霉素的含量,已用于实际样品测定。     

七叶一枝花中薯蓣皂苷的分离及结构鉴定研究

本文利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用方法研究了七叶一枝花中的薯蓣皂苷。实验采用高效液相色谱分离了七叶一枝花中的3种薯蓣皂苷;通过与电喷雾质谱联用获得了这几种化合物的分子量信息;再用MS/MS获得了这几种化合物进一步的结构信息。采用此方法可快速分析鉴定从七叶一枝花中分离得到的薯蓣皂苷。     

薯蓣皂甙提取新工艺

盾叶薯蓣是一种常用的中草药,又名黄姜、火头根,是我国特有甾体激素类药源植物,也是世界上薯蓣皂甙元含量最高的资源植物[1].其所含薯蓣皂甙元具有增强性功能、抗衰老和治疗心血管疾病、保护肝脏、抑制癌细胞增殖、治疗骨质疏松等功效,是合成各种避孕药和甾体激素类药物的主要原料[2-3].     

氢化物发生原子吸收法测定卡托普利

根据卡托普利与醋酸铅反应定量生成沉淀的特点 ,通过用氢化物发生原子吸收法测定沉淀中的铅 ,可间接测定卡托普利的含量。平均回收率 99.8% ,RSD值为 1 .6%     

Atomic absorption spectroscopic, conductometric and colorimetric methods for determination of some fluoroquinolone antibacterials using ammonium reineckate

Three accurate, rapid and simple atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS), conductometric and colorimetric methods were developed for the determination of gatifloxacin (GTF), moxifloxacin (MXF) and sparfloxacin (SPF). The proposed methods depend upon the reaction of ammonium reineckate with the studied drugs to form stable precipitate of ion-pair complexes, which was dissolved in acetone. The pink coloured complexes were determined either by AAS or colorimetrically at lambda(max) 525 nm directly using the dissolved complex. Using conductometric titration, the studied drugs could be evaluated in 50% (v/v) acetone. The optimizations of various experimental conditions were described. Optimum concentration ranges for the determination of GTF, MXF and SPF were 5.0-150, 40-440 microg mL(-1) and 0.10-1.5 mg mL(-1) using atomic absorption (AAS), conductometric and colorimetric methods, respectively. Detection and quantification limits are ranges from 1.5 to 2.3 microg mL(-1) using AAS method or 30-45 microg mL(-1) using colorimetric method. The proposed procedures have been applied successfully to the analysis of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and the results are favourably comparable to the reference methods.     

Comparison of hexamethylenedithiocarbamate and tetramethylenedithiocarbamate as flotation reagents for the concentration of zinc

A procedure for zinc flotation separation from fresh water prior to its determination by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) has been developed. Hexamethyleneammonium hexamethylenedithiocarbamate (HMA-HMDTC) added to the first precipitate collector of hydrated Fe(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃· xH₂O) gives the second precipitate collector of Fe(HMDTC)₃. After addition of a surfactant, the precipitate of collectors is separated from the water phase by a stream of air bubbles, dissolved by strong acid and the solution then tested by AAS. The experimental parameters (amount of collector used, pH, ionic strength, type of foaming reagent, ζ potential, induction time etc.) affecting the flotation efficiency were optimized. At a pH of 6, Zn is separated quantitatively (98.5%) by addition of 5 mg Fe(III) and 3 mL 0.1 mol/L HMA-HMDTC to the sample. Results are compared with those obtained by ammonium tetramethylenedithiocarbamate.     

Comparison of hexamethylenedithiocarbamate and tetramethylenedithiocarbamate as flotation reagents for the concentration of zinc

A procedure for zinc flotation separation from fresh water prior to its determination by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) has been developed. Hexamethyleneammonium hexamethylenedithiocarbamate (HMA-HMDTC) added to the first precipitate collector of hydrated Fe(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃· xH₂O) gives the second precipitate collector of Fe(HMDTC)₃. After addition of a surfactant, the precipitate of collectors is separated from the water phase by a stream of air bubbles, dissolved by strong acid and the solution then tested by AAS. The experimental parameters (amount of collector used, pH, ionic strength, type of foaming reagent, ζ potential, induction time etc.) affecting the flotation efficiency were optimized. At a pH of 6, Zn is separated quantitatively (98.5%) by addition of 5 mg Fe(III) and 3 mL 0.1 mol/L HMA-HMDTC to the sample. Results are compared with those obtained by ammonium tetramethylenedithiocarbamate. Received: 21 August 1997 /Revised: 19 November 1997 / Accepted: 23 November 1997     

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Diosgenin Esters of Maleic and Itaconic Acids

Diosgenin monomaleate and diosgenin monoitaconate were prepared by the esterification of diosgenin with maleic and itaconic anhydride, respectively, in toluene using p-toluenesulphonic acid as catalyst. A domestic microwave oven was modified and used for the synthesis of both products. The reaction time for consuming all the diosgenin according to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was reduced by around 90% in the synthesis of monomaleate of diosgenin as well as in the synthesis of monoitaconate of diosgenin in comparison with conventional heating, whereas the monomaleate of diosgenin yield increased from 43 to 80–85% and the monoitaconate of diosgenin yield from 34 to 95% under the same experimental conditions. It was easier to purify the diosgenin monoitaconate than the diosgenin monomaleate. Both products were characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.     

A fire-assay and wet chemical method for the determination of palladium, platinum, gold, and silver in ores and concentrates

A method is presented for the determination of palladium, platinum, gold and silver in ores and concentrates by a fire-assay and wet chemical technique. After parting of the lead assay button with dilute nitric acid, and separation of the solution from the residue, the palladium and platinum in the solution are precipitated by the addition of stannous chloride, with tellurium as collector. The resulting precipitate is combined with the gold residue and dissolved in aqua regia, then the solution is analysed for palladium, platinum and gold by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Silver is determined in the original solution by AAS before the reduction step.