空分复用多输入多输出系统中的分组多用户分集

该文针对基于空分复用的多用户多输入多输出系统下行链路,研究了空间衰落相关和信道估计误差对系统容量的影响,提出了两种新的分组多用户分集方案。所提出的方案通过合理选择共道用户,能有效提升系统容量,同时兼顾公平性。分析和仿真结果表明,所提出的方案对衰落相关性以及信道估计误差具有较好的稳健性;其中,第2种方案与第1种相比较,容量性能更优,但具有较高的计算复杂度。     

存在信道估计误差的有限反馈多用户多输入多输出传输性能分析

该文针对存在信道估计误差的有限反馈多用户多输入多输出(MIMO)传输性能进行分析。基于量化微元逼近理论得出了多用户迫零波束赋型系统容量的下界;该下界表明：存在信道估计误差时,随着码本尺寸的增大,高信噪比条件下系统容量趋于一有限值;并且,信道估计误差越大,系统容量随码本尺寸收敛越早。进一步分析了采用多用户选择分集的系统容量性能,分析表明,当用户数量趋于无穷大时,和容量有界。该文结果和现有文献的结论不同,并经由仿真结果进行验证。     

小波包包分复用及其在瑞利信道中的误码率分析

介绍了一种小波包包分复用（WPDM）技术，并研究了其在瑞利信道中的误码率。     

空时相关复合衰落多输入多输出信道模型研究

针对多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)无线传播环境,综合考虑路径损耗、阴影衰落和多径衰落影响,提出一种基于Nakagami-Lognormal分布的相关复合衰落MIMO信道模型,推导并获得各信道自相关和互相关系数的理论表达式;提出一种基于谐波叠加思想的复合衰落MIMO信道仿真方法,并分析了该方法输出信道衰落的空时相关特性.数值仿真结果表明:仿真模型输出统计特性均与理论模型吻合;各子信道之间存在互相关性且随阴影衰落方差减小而下降,而自相关性则呈现快速起伏并缓慢下降的特性.     

智能天线系统中信道空分复用问题的研究

本文阐述了智能天线（ｓｍａｒｔ ａｎｔｅｎｎａ）空分复用系统中的重要概念－信道方向图的概念，提出子一种高效的搜算算法，用于解决信道复用中的组合寻优问题。最后以本文的搜索算法为基础进行仿真，得到了关于智能天线系统中有关信道复用的若干有用结论。     

一种基于波束赋形的空分复用MIMO接收方案

提出一种基于波束赋形(BF)的空分复用多输入多输出(MIMO)接收方案,该方案兼具MIMO多流接收和 BF抗干扰的优点。针对平坦衰落信道,建立了基于空间相关的 BF-MIMO接收系统模型,推导出了系统接收误码率表达式,阐明了角度扩展与系统抗干扰性之间的关系。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该接收方案在小角度扩展条件下较普通 MIMO 系统具有更优的抗干扰和误码率性能。     

视距相关信道下考虑非理想CSI的MIMO收发联合设计

MIMO系统收发联合设计的性能依赖于信道状态信息(CSI)的质量。在较高通信频段(如6～8GHz)下,信道的视距分量相对于较低频段显著增加,采用传统的CSI模型无法反映实际的信道特点,从而影响联合设计算法的性能。本文在相关莱斯信道下,提出一种考虑高频段环境下非理想CSI的MIMO系统下行链路收发联合设计算法。论文推导出一种基于训练序列的信道估计误差模型代替传统误差模型,并在此基础上以最小化MSE为目标迭代求解最优预编码/解码矩阵。仿真结果表明,该算法在不同的子流数、视距分量、信道相关性以及信道估计误差环境下,具有较好的误码率性能。     

相关瑞利信道下的分集与复用折衷

多天线可以用来增加通信系统的分集增益或者复用增益，二者之间存在着基本的折衷关系。相关瑞利信道的折衷性能差于i．i．d瑞利衰落信道，并且相关矩阵降秩时，折衷性能进一步下降。本文给出了相关瑞利信道下分集增益和复用增益的最优折衷关系。     

非理想信道估计下的放大转发协同通信系统性能分析

针对两跳多中继放大转发协同通信系统,分析了信道估计误差对系统性能的影响。考虑机会中继和全参与中继两种中继策略,分别推导了系统误码率的闭式表达式,并分析了不同信道估计质量阶数下的系统分集增益。平均信噪比损失率分析表明机会中继较全参与中继对信道估计误差更为敏感。仿真结果验证了理论分析。     

正交频分复用系统信道估计技术研究

在OFDM系统中,为了能达到系统需要的解码要求,必须进行准确的信道估计.首先介绍了OFDM系统基本原理,对基于叠加训练序列的OFDM系统信道估计算法进行了仿真分析,并比较了在不同ρ值情况下的性能,从而存在一个最优的ρ值取得最好的估计性能.     

非完美信道估计下大规模天线系统设计和研究

为满足用户对无线网络容量和覆盖范围日益提升的需求,大规模天线技术得到了广泛的研究。然而,在非完美信道估计情况下,大规模天线系统的天线数应该如何配置仍是一个亟需解决的问题。现考虑了一个发射端配备大规模天线阵列,且上行信道估计存在误差的系统模型,并以能量效率为优化准则,使用两种算法推导出了最优天线配置策略的闭式解,并通过仿真验证了该策略的优异性能。     

BER analysis using zero-forcing linear precoding scheme for massive MIMO under imperfect channel state information

ABSTRACT

In massive MIMO systems, inter-user interference has effect on the transmitted signals, so linear precoding techniques are employed for multiuser transmission channels to remove this inter-user interference. It is very complicated to design a suitable linear precoding technique having low computational complexity, which will give an excellent Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. In this paper, we analyse BER under imperfect Channel-State-Information (CSI) using Zero-Forcing (ZF) linear precoding scheme in the downlink, massive MIMO in Time-Division-Duplex (TDD) mode. We derive the closed-form expressions for BER that are obtained from the new expressions derived for Signal-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR), and then analysis with different parameters using numerical and Monte Carlo simulated results is carried out in MATLAB under imperfect CSI. It was found that our theoretical analysis agrees well with the simulated results. In our analysis, BER was observed in most cases to be good when the number of Base Station (BS) antennas is large enough to accommodate the served users, but when the number of users grows up, the BER performance degrades depending on how many BS antennas are capable of handling the additional users. Also, increasing the downlink transmit power was found to improve the performance, but it is not an energy-efficient way for massive MIMO.     

Improving power allocation to MIMO eigenbeams under imperfect channel estimation

Eigenbeamforming exploits the spatial diversity of the MIMO channel by multiplexing data substreams along orthogonal modes. Estimation errors result in self-interference, which must be taken into account in the selection of modes for transmission and the allocation of transmitter power. Using perturbation analysis to evaluate the self-interference, a technique is proposed for determining the power allocation which achieves a specified performance, based only on the information available at the receiver.     

Asymptotic analysis of MIMO wireless systems with spatial correlation at the receiver

With a unified approach, this paper investigates the asymptotic performance or, equivalently, the large-system properties, of various point-to-point systems with antenna-array-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels having spatial correlations. Using the replica method originally developed for statistical physics, we provide analytical solutions to the input-output mutual information of MIMO systems: 1) at the transmit side, with arbitrary inputs, and 2) at the receive side, with either the optimum space-time joint decoding or various suboptimum spatial equalizers followed by a bank of temporal decoders. Important physical meanings revealed though the analytical solutions to those more practical combinations, such as how the input-output mutual information is affected by the channel spatial correlations, are highlighted along our derivation. Moreover, we provide a novel waterfilling algorithm to determine the data-rate-maximizing transmit signal covariance matrix when only the channel long-term spatial correlations are available at the transmitter.     

Randomized Kaczmarz algorithm for massive MIMO systems with channel estimation and spatial correlation

To exploit the benefits of massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (M‐MIMO) technology in scenarios where base stations (BSs) need to be cheap and equipped with simple hardware, the computational complexity of classical signal processing schemes for spatial multiplexing of users shall be reduced. This calls for suboptimal designs that perform well the combining/precoding steps and simultaneously achieve low computational complexities. An approach on the basis of the iterative Kaczmarz algorithm (KA) has been recently investigated, assuring well execution without the knowledge of second order moments of the wireless channels in the BS, and with easiness since no tuning parameters, besides the number of iterations, are required. In fact, the randomized version of KA (rKA) has been used in this context because of global convergence properties. Herein, modifications are proposed on this first rKA‐based attempt, aiming to improve its performance‐complexity trade‐off solution for M‐MIMO systems. We observe that long‐term channel effects degrade the rate of convergence of the rKA‐based schemes. This issue is then tackled herein by means of a hybrid rKA initialization proposal, which lands within the region of convexity of the algorithm and assures fairness to the communication system. The effectiveness of our proposal is illustrated through numerical results, which bring more realistic system conditions in terms of channel estimation and spatial correlation than those used so far. We also characterize the computational complexity of the proposed rKA scheme, deriving upper bounds for the number of iterations. A case study focused on a dense urban application scenario is used to gather new insights on the feasibility of the proposed scheme to cope with the inserted BS constraints.     

Optimizing antenna configuration for MIMO systems with imperfect channel estimation

We study the optimal antenna configuration (i.e. number of transmit and receive antennas) for multiple-input multiple-output systems in pilot-symbol-assisted modulation schemes with imperfect channel estimation. We assume block flat-fading channels and focus on a practical range of high signal-to-noise ratio. An ergodic capacity lower bound is used as the objective function to be maximized. We analytically study the capacity gain from adding extra antennas to the transmitter or to the receiver in two different scenarios. Our numerical results show that the optimal antenna configuration under imperfect channel estimation can be significantly different from that under perfect channel estimation assumption. In addition, we investigate the capacity gain from optimizing antenna configuration and find that the gain can be larger than that achieved by optimizing transmit power over pilot and data symbols, particularly for large block lengths.     

Performance analysis of ZF receivers with imperfect CSI for uplink massive MIMO systems

We consider the uplink of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems in a multicell environment. Since the base station (BS) estimates the channel state information (CSI) using the pilot signals transmitted from the users, each BS will have imperfect CSI in practice. Assuming zero-forcing method to eliminate the multi-user interference, we derive the exact analytical expressions for the probability density function of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, the corresponding achievable rate, the outage probability, and the symbol error rate (SER) when the BS has imperfect CSI. An upper bound of the SER is also derived for an arbitrary number of antennas at the BS. Moreover, we derive the upper bound of the achievable rate for the case where the number of antennas at the BS goes to infinity, and the analysis is verified by presenting numerical results.     

BER analysis of arbitrary QAM for MRC diversity with imperfect channel estimation in generalized ricean fading channels

Imperfect channel estimation (ICE) can severely degrade the bit error rate (BER) of digital modulations with maximum ratio combining (MRC) diversity reception. The resulting performance analysis problem in its most general setting has not been addressed before. In this paper, the effect of ICE on the BER of an arbitrary square/rectangular Gray-coded quadratic amplitude modulation (QAM) in generalized Ricean fading channels when MRC reception is employed is analyzed. A general expression for the bit error probability of an arbitrary square/rectangular QAM scheme is first derived. This general formula requires a number of conditional probabilities, which is derived in closed form for independent and nonidentically distributed (i.n.d.) Rayleigh-fading channels with MRC and ICE. An efficient numerical method is also presented to compute the conditional probabilities for i.n.d. and correlated Ricean fading. In addition, extensive Monte Carlo simulations that agree excellently with the analytical results are presented.     

Efficient BER evaluation of linear multiuser detectors with imperfect channel estimation for CDMA fading channels

In this paper, we present a unified mathematical framework to analyze the bit-error rate (BER) performance of general linear coherent multiuser receivers with diversity reception and imperfect channel estimation for doubly selective Rician-fading asynchronous code-division multiple-access channels. BERs of linear receivers with channel state information and data-aided channel estimation are analyzed, and both exact and low-complexity approximate BER evaluation formulas are presented. Furthermore, by using a Markov chain steady-state analysis, a tight BER approximation for receivers with decision-directed channel estimation is proposed. Numerical and simulation results verify the accuracy of the proposed BER evaluation methods.     

多输入多输出信道空域相关性评估简化模型

针对任意散射环境的多输入多输出(MIMO)信道,提出一种基于角度域脉冲采样的空域相关性评估简化模型,推导常见采样脉冲空域相关系数的近似简化解析式,并详细分析简化模型中采样脉冲数目和加权系数的选取依据,大大降低MIMO衰落信号空域相关性分析的复杂度.仿真结果表明:当到达波角度扩展为5到20度且采样脉冲数目大于36时,本文...