Effects of Surrounding Medium on Electrically Exploded Aluminum Foil Fuses

Flat aluminum foil fuses were exploded electrically by discharging a capacitor bank into a series combination inductance (~600 nH) and fuse. The 2.54 X 2.54 X 0.0023-cm foils were exploded in a sealed chamber. The time-to-burst (TTB) and fuse voltage characteristics were investigated as a function of the fuse environment. Results are given for foils exploded in various gases and liquids.     

Compact pulsed power generator using an inductive energy storagesystem with two-staged opening switches

The pulsed power generator, named ASO-I, is extremely compact and light in comparison with a conventional pulsed power generator, which consists of a Marx bank and a water pulse forming line. The ASO-I has a two-staged opening switch, consisting of fuses in water and a plasma erosion opening switch, and can be operated hundreds of times a day at an output power of 230 kV and 35 kA. The parallel fuses are effective for power multiplication, and small differences in length of the parallel fuses do not influence the output power. The risetime of current through the short-circuit load decreases with the increase of the gap length of the spark gap, which is placed between the fuses and the load. The plasma erosion opening switch can be operated as a second opening switch, and the risetime of the current through the short-circuit load decreases from 250 to 10 ns. The maximum resistance of the plasma erosion opening switch is 3.5 Ω with an open-circuit load     

Experimental realization of the fuse model of crack formation

In this work, we present an experimental investigation of the fuse model. Our main goal was to study the influence of the disorder on the fracture process. The experimental apparatus used consisted of an L x L square lattice with fuses placed on each bond of the lattice. Two types of materials were used as fuses: copper and steel wool wires. The lattice composed only of copper wires varied from a weakly disordered system to a strongly disordered one. The lattice formed only by steel wool wires corresponded to a strongly disordered one. The experimental procedure consisted of applying a potential difference V to the lattice and measuring the respective current I. The characteristic function I(V) obtained was investigated in order to find the scaling law dependence of the voltage and the current on the system size L when the disorder was changed. Our results show that the scaling laws are only verified for the disordered regime.     

Quantum field theoretical analysis on unstable behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices

We study the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates flowing in optical lattices on the basis of quantum field theory. For such a system, a Bose-Einstein condensate shows an unstable behavior which is called the dynamical instability. The unstable system is characterized by the appearance of modes with complex eigenvalues. Expanding the field operator in terms of excitation modes including complex ones, we attempt to diagonalize the unperturbative Hamiltonian and to find its eigenstates. It turns out that although the unperturbed Hamiltonian is not diagonalizable in the conventional bosonic representation the appropriate choice of physical states leads to a consistent formulation. Then we analyze the dynamics of the system in the regime of the linear response theory. Its numerical results are consistent with those given by the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation.     

Propagation of the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron wave in a fusion plasma

The propagation of the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron wave in a fusion plasma described by a loss-cone structure is discussed. The wavelength is assumed to be much larger than the ion Larmour radius and the ion plasma frequency ≫ the ion-cyclotron frequency. The two modes that propagate in the plasma interact strongly and fuse together under certain conditions making the plasma unstable. The coalescence of the modes is found to decrease with an increase in electron temperature.     

Qualitative and quantitative flow visualization of bubble motions in a plane bubble plume

Overall, as well as individual, bubble behavior of a plane bubble plume which is confined by two parallel plates is investigated by means of several qualitative and quantitative flow visualization methods. These include observation, measurement of time-averaged void distribution, surface tufts and particle imaging velocimetry. Several kinds of unstable motion of the bubble convection, which depend on the free surface initial height and on the gas flow rate, are observed. The bubble motion along the bubble plume is precisely measured by an image-processing method which also delivers velocity vectors, number density and size of the bubbles.     

MHD waves and instabilities in flowing solar flux-tube plasmas in the framework of Hall magnetohydrodynamics

It is well established now that the solar atmosphere, from photosphere to the corona and the solar wind is a highly structured medium. Satellite observations have confirmed the presence of steady flows. Here, we investigate the parallel propagation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) surface waves travelling along an ideal incompressible flowing plasma slab surrounded by flowing plasma environment in the framework of the Hall magnetohydrodynamics. The propagation properties of the waves are studied in a reference frame moving with the mass flow outside the slab. In general, flows change the waves’ phase velocities compared to their magnitudes in a static MHD plasma slab and the Hall effect limits the range of waves’ propagation. On the other hand, when the relative Alfvénic Mach number is negative, the flow extends the waves propagation range beyond that limit (owing to the Hall effect) and can cause the triggering of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability whose onset begins at specific critical wave numbers. It turns out that the interval of Alfvénic Mach numbers for which the surface modes are unstable critically depends on the ratio between mass densities outside and inside the flux tube.     

Temperature dependence of current-induced magnetization switching in spin valves with a ferrimagnetic CoGd free layer

The temperature dependence of current-induced magnetization switching of ferrimagnetic CoGd free layers in spin valves is explored. At temperatures well above and well below the magnetization compensation temperature (T(MC)) of CoGd, a current flowing from the free layer to the CoFe fixed layer aligns the moments of the two layers parallel, and a current flowing in the opposite direction aligns them antiparallel. However, for intermediate temperatures just above T(MC), the current-induced alignment of the moments is reversed. We attribute this effect to the different compensation temperatures of the net magnetization and angular momentum of CoGd.     

微矩形凹槽表面液滴各向异性浸润行为的研究

受自然界启发,仿生微结构被广泛用于调控固-液界面的性质.研究显示,液滴在微结构表面的各向异性浸润行为可用于实现微流动方向和速度的控制,且其各向异性浸润与微结构的尺寸和分布等密切相关.本文研究了微矩形凹槽尺寸对液滴各向异性浸润行为的影响规律.结果显示,液滴沿平行沟槽的方向具有较小的运动阻力、易铺展,因此具有较小接触角;而垂直于沟槽方向,由于沟槽的阻隔作用具有较大运动阻力,因而具有较大接触角,并且在垂直方向液滴的浸润过程是三相线一系列钉扎和跳跃行为.在微矩形凹槽表面,液滴沿平行方向接触角θ//与肋板宽度R和凹槽宽度G密切相关,其值与表面固体面积比成反比;而垂直于沟槽方向的接触角θ⊥随肋板宽度R和凹槽宽度G变化基本保持不变.同时各向异性液滴的变形比L/W、特征方向接触角比值θ⊥/θ//与表面固体面积比成正比.研究结果有助于加深理解微结构表面浸润行为的机制,并为微矩形凹槽在微流动控制方向的应用提供技术支持.     

SHAPE EQUATION AND SHAPES OF AXISYMMETRIC VESICLES IN TOROIDAL TOPOLOGY

For toroidal topology we solve the shape equation for axisymmetric vesicles numerically. The phase diagram is found to be similar to that from another shape equation. This similarity is the result of the insensitive dependence of beading energy upon detailed shape of vesicles and the constant volume and area ensemble we are considering. We argue that the very small distance between two opposite cusps of the sickle-shaped vesicle makes it unstable and fuse into two encompassed spheres which might be observed in experiment. The spontaneous curvatures of the observed Clifford tori are also estimated.     

Actively contracting bundles of polar filaments

We introduce a phenomenological model to study the properties of bundles of polar filaments which interact via active elements. The stability of the homogeneous state, the attractors of the dynamics in the unstable regime, and the tensile stress generated in the bundle are discussed. We find that the interaction of parallel filaments can induce unstable behavior and is responsible for active contraction and tension in the bundle. The interaction between antiparallel filaments leads to filament sorting. Our model could apply to simple contractile structures in cells such as stress fibers.     

X-pinch负载分流关系研究

研究了X-pinch和回流柱之间的分流关系,以及两个X-pinch之间的分流关系。在X-pinch和回流柱的分流实验中,X-pinch上的电流与回流柱上的电流大体相等,这表明电流分布不只与X-pinch或回流柱的特性有关,而且也与它们所在回路的其他部分有关。在两个X-pinch之间的分流实验中,X-pinch上的电流与X-pinch本身的材料和直径几乎无关,这确认了电流分布与回路中X-pinch之外的部分有关。离绝缘柱远的X-pinch上的电流总是比离绝缘柱近的X-pinch上的电流略大一些,这是并联回路之间的互感造成的。     

X-pinch负载分流关系研究

研究了X-pinch和回流柱之间的分流关系,以及两个X-pinch之间的分流关系。在X-pinch和回流柱的分流实验中,X-pinch上的电流与回流柱上的电流大体相等,这表明电流分布不只与X-pinch或回流柱的特性有关,而且也与它们所在回路的其他部分有关。在两个X-pinch之间的分流实验中,X-pinch上的电流与X-pinch本身的材料和直径几乎无关,这确认了电流分布与回路中X-pinch之外的部分有关。离绝缘柱远的X-pinch上的电流总是比离绝缘柱近的X-pinch上的电流略大一些,这是并联回路之间的互感造成的。     

Fiber fuse behavior in k W-level continuous-wave double-clad field laser

In this study, original experimental data for fiber fuse in k W-level continuous-wave(CW) high power double-clad fiber(DCF) laser are reported. The propagating velocity of the fuse is 9.68 m/s in a 3.1-k W Yb-doped DCF laser. Three other cases in Yb-doped DCF are also observed. We think that the ignition of fiber fuse is caused by thermal mechanism,and the formation of bullet-shaped tracks is attributed to the optical discharge and temperature gradient. The inducements of initial fuse and formation of bullet-shaped voids are analyzed. This investigation of fiber fuse helps better understand the fiber fuse behavior, in order to avoid the catastrophic destruction caused by fiber fuse in high power fiber laser.     

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of miscible ferrofluids

We study the stability of an interface between two inviscid magnetic fluids of different densities flowing parallel to each other in an oscillatory manner. The system is pervaded by a uniform oblique magnetic field distribution. The analysis allows for mass and heat transfer across the interface. A general eigenvalue relation is derived and discussed analytically. The classical stability criterion is found to be substantially modified due to the effect of the oblique magnetic field with mass and heat transfer. Some previous studies are reported for appropriate data choices. The longitudinal magnetic field has a strong stabilizing influence on all wavelengths, which can be used to suppress the destabilizing influence of the mass and heat transfer. We conclude with a discussion of the stability of unsteady shear layers on the basis of the results. The parametric excitation of the surface waves is analyzed by means of the multiple-time-scales method. The transition curves are obtained analytically.     

Liquid-crystalline phase behavior of a colloidal rod-plate mixture

The phase behavior of rod-plate mixtures was investigated using model systems containing unambiguously rod- and plate-shaped colloids. We find that the theoretically disputed biaxial nematic phase is unstable with respect to demixing into an isotropic and two uniaxial nematic phases. The phase behavior at very high densities is exceptionally rich and includes the coexistence of up to four different liquid crystalline phases, which stem from the coupling between the employed particle shapes and polydispersity.     

变形耦合发电机系统中的混沌控制

分别利用反馈和非反馈方法研究了变形耦合发电机系统的混沌控制问题，并基于Lyapunov直接法和Routh-Hurwitz判据讨论了受控变形耦合发电机系统的混沌轨道达到不稳定平衡点或极限环时的条件，同时给出了理论上的证明.数值模拟进一步验证了这两种方法的有效性. 关键词： 变形耦合发电机系统 反馈法 非反馈法 混沌控制     

反常电子粘滞性引起的线性双撕裂模研究

用圆柱位形的磁流体动力学方程对由反常电子粘滞性引起的双撕裂模的线性行为做了数值研究.分析了两个有理面的间距、粘滞率大小和极向模数对双撕裂模模式结构的影响,给出了各种情况下双撕裂模线性增长率跟表征反常电子粘滞率大小的电子雷诺数的定标关系.     

High voltage pulses for high impedance loads using explosive formedfuses

Explosive formed fuses (EFFs) use conducting elements that are deformed by explosive pressure (typically, against dielectric dies). This causes the fuse geometry to change, so that the conducting element cross section decreases. This enables a higher ratio of current conduction to current interrupt time than for normal fuses, and it enables more control of when current interruption occurs. In combination with a suitable output closing switch, EFF's can be used to obtain several hundred kilovolt voltage pulses from inductive stores to drive several ohm loads. With proper choices of inductive store, EFF geometry and material, and output closing switch features, such a voltage pulse can be approximately flat topped for microsecond duration and have a small fraction of microsecond risetime. We present theoretical analysis and circuit simulations which illustrate this, using scaled empirical EFF parameters for inductive stores in the 1 weber flux, several hundred nanohenry range. The circuit simulations were done using MicroCap-IV, with user defined elements. These simulations were done with static inductive stores and with explosive magnetic flux compression generators driving inductive stores     

Natural vibration of rectangular plates with an internal line hinge using the first order shear deformation plate theory

This paper presents exact solutions for vibration of rectangular plates with an internal line hinge. The rectangular plate is simply supported on two parallel edges and the remaining two edges may take any combination of support conditions. The line hinge is perpendicular to the two simply supported parallel edges. The Lévy type solution method and the state-space technique are employed in connection with the first order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) to study natural vibration of rectangular plates with an internal line hinge. In particular, exact vibration frequencies are obtained for rectangular plates of different aspect ratios and edge support conditions. The influence of the internal line hinge on the vibration behavior of rectangular plates is studied.