硒的形态分析进展

对近年来有关硒的形态分析的发展作了综述,对新的分离方法如色谱法、氢化物发生法、毛细管电泳和新的检测技术如电感耦合等离子体质谱、原子光谱给予较多的关注。     

高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定富硒食品中5种形态硒的含量

提出了将高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法应用于富硒食品中硒的形态分析。选择木瓜蛋白酶(PP)作为提取剂,在如下优化条件下对样品中5种形态硒进行提取:(1)料液比1g/40mL;(2)50.0g·L~(-1) PP溶液加入量20mL;(3)于60℃水浴中振荡提取8h。提取液冷却并离心后取其上清液,用Hamilton PRP-X100离子交换色谱柱作为固定相,35mmol·L~(-1)磷酸氢二铵溶液(pH 6.0)作为流动相进行高效液相色谱的分离,5种形态硒[Se(Ⅵ)、Se(Ⅳ)、硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_2)、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)和硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)]在16 min内完全分离。将分离所得分别含有5种形态硒的溶液先后引入仪器进行氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定。结果表明:5种形态硒的质量浓度均在5~100μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,5种形态硒的检出限(3S/N)为0.39~1.18μg·L~(-1)。按所提出方法对富硒大米样品进行加标回收和精密度试验,测得回收率为80.2%~118%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.1%~8.2%。     

电化学氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定环境样品中的Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)

设计了一种新的电化学氢化物发生装置, 用于测定不同价态的硒. 通过对传统的平板电解池的改进, 设计了全新的圆盘电解池并采用螺纹密封的方式, 极大地缩短了电解池的装配时间, 提高了电解池的使用寿命和密封性能. 结合热水浴在线还原技术, 将 Se(Ⅵ)在高浓度HCl介质中120 s内还原成Se(Ⅳ), 通过电化学氢化物发生技术生成氢化物, 成功的进行硒的在线价态分析. 对各种实验参数进行了详细的研究, Se(Ⅳ) 和Se(Ⅵ)的相对标准偏差分别为2.6% 和 3.1% (n=11);Se(Ⅳ)和总硒的检出限分别为0.32和0.27 μg/L (3σ).     

砷的形态分析方法研究进展

对近年有关砷的形态分析的进展作了综述。对新的分离方法,如毛细管电泳法、氢化物发生法及高效液相色谱法给予了较多的注意,还对各种测定方法作了对比和讨论（引述文献79篇）。     

毛细管电泳法进行化妆品中砷的形态分析

从样品前处理、毛细管电泳修饰、进样方式、分离模式和检测条件等方面对毛细管电泳法研究化妆品中砷的形态进行讨论。在不同pH值的缓冲溶液中,用毛细管电泳法进行化妆品中砷的形态分析,测定波长为197nm。采用磷酸盐缓冲溶液,化妆品中As(Ⅲ)、二甲基胂(DMA)、对氨苯基胂酸(ANA)、一甲基胂(MMA)和As(V)等5种形态的砷可通过毛细管电泳法得到有效分离。     

砷形态分析的研究进展

综述了砷的提取、分离和检测方法的研究进展。主要包括超声提取法、微波辅助提取法、固相萃取法等常用的提取方式;分别用于水样和海产品中砷的富集的共沉淀法和毛细管电泳法;以及高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法、高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法、氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法等用于砷形态分析的分离和检测方法(引用文献56篇)。     

联用技术在植物硒形态分析中的应用

介绍了植物中硒形态分析的意义,植物中硒存在的形式;综述了植物中硒形态分析时,采用的萃取、液相色谱、气相色谱、电泳和毛细管电泳等样品分离技术;电感耦合等离子体质谱、同位素稀释-质谱、电感耦合原子发射光谱及电喷雾质谱分析方法,引用文献51篇.     

硒、碲氢化物发生的反应机理和反应条件

元素周期表中ⅣA,ⅤA及ⅥA族元素的化学及物理性质的周期性变化引起硒、碲两元素的氢化物生成反应机理的改变。文中对两元素生成氢化物的反应机理作了解释,认为是硒(Ⅳ)[或碲(Ⅳ)]在盐酸溶液中与初生态氢[H]反应的结果。初生态氢是由硼氢根(BH4-)在酸溶液中水解而产生,反应时随氢离子(即酸度)浓度的增加,氢化物的生成率将明显提高。此外,不断地将氢化物发生反应中同时生成的水蒸气除去不仅可避免硒(碲)氢化物被氧化,而且还可提高其产出率和峰值测定的重现性。对如何规范使用低熔点、高强度空心双阴极灯也作了评价。     

液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定富硒酵母中硒的形态

建立了富硒酵母中硒酸Se(Ⅵ)、亚硒酸Se(Ⅵ)、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)和硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸(SeMeCys)4种硒形态的高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱(HPLC-HG-AFS)分析方法。样品采用蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶酶解提取,20 mmol/L(NH4)2HPO4为流动相,经PRP-X100阴离子交换色谱柱分离后HG-AFS测定。结果显示,4种硒形态标准曲线的线性关系良好(R2≥0.9995),方法检出限为0.5~5.0μg/kg,平均回收率为82.5%~101.2%,日内相对标准偏差≤8.6%,日间相对标准偏差≤14.5%。本方法前处理简单、灵敏度高、设备便宜、运行费用低廉,适用于富硒饲料产品中硒的形态分析。     

毛细管电泳-原子荧光在线联用新技术及其在形态分析中的应用

讨论了原子荧光光度计从传统的间歇式或流动注射式操作到与毛细管电泳联用技术的转化.考察了不同接口对分离的影响,优化了氢化物发生所用的气液分离器及原子荧光光度计的原子化器.通过缩短连路和改变管路内径等方式消除了体系的反压.将优化的仪器条件应用于As的形态分析,结果令人满意.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.