含氟离聚体的多相结构及大分子链运动的NMR研究

 本文用¹³C自旋-自旋弛豫时间T₂表征了以丙烯酸-1,1,5-三氢全氟戊酯-丙烯酸共聚物为基础的离聚体体系的多相结构和大分子链段运动特性,结果表明:离子微区和聚合物基体之间存在界面层,聚合物主链的运动活性与离聚体的共聚物组成、金属离子特性、离子化程度、离子微区的稳定性和离子微区内的精细结构均有密切关系.     

离聚体的结构表征：Ⅱ.含氟离聚体的FT—IR研究

本文报导了以甲基丙烯酸氟醇酯-丙烯酸共聚物为基础的羧酸型钙、钠离聚体在不同温度及时间下的FT-IR图谱的变化规律。探讨了在离聚体聚集态中钙、钠离子的局部配位形式及结构。     

离聚体的结构表征 Ⅲ.EXAFS法测定含氟的铜离聚体的精细结构

本文报道了用先进的EXAFS及ESR等方法研究了羧酸型含氟的铜(Ⅱ)离聚体离子微区的内部精细结构,结果表明,铜离聚体的离子微区主要由羧酸根桥键的双核配位结构单元及平面四方形的配位结构单元等聚集而成。在双核配位结构单元中第一层为Cu~(2+)—O配位,配位数为4,配位键键长为1.96A,第二配位层为Gu~(2+)—Cu~(2+)配位,Cu~(2+)—Gu~(2+)间距为2.64A。平面四方形的配位结构单元Cu~(2+)—O的配位数为4,配位键键长为1.96A。共聚物中羧基含量对离聚体的基本配位结构单元和离子微区的精细结构影响较小,但对微区大小有影响。     

离聚体的聚集态结构模型

由于离子对的聚集作用，离聚体形成了独特的微相结构。本文对有关离聚体的聚集态结构的理论和定性模型进行了综述。     

离聚体的结构表征——Ⅴ.含氟离聚体中离子微区稳定性的研究

本文用DSC方法研究了羟酸型含氟离聚体中不同金属离子种类、可离子化基团含量、配位结构单元构型及离子微区大小对离聚体中离子微区稳定性的影响。实验表明:离聚体中金属离子配位能力愈强,羟酸含量愈高,离子微区尺寸愈大,则相应离聚体中离子微区稳定性愈大。铅高聚体>锌离聚体>钙离聚体>钠离聚体。     

离聚体的结构表征——Ⅳ.径向分布函数法测定含氟锌离聚体的微观结构

本文报道用径向分布函数法对含氟的锌离聚体微现结构进行分析。从所测得的干涉函数、双体相关函数及径向分布函数等结构参量可知,锌离聚体的离子微区是由四配位锌氧四面体结构单元构成,配位数为4,Zn~(2+)-O键长2.24A,离子微区尺寸约为10.47A,其可能结构模式如图6所示。     

含氟嵌段共聚物离聚体的合成表征及其性能研究

嵌段共聚物离聚体具有独特的形态和固体及溶液性质 ,在热塑性弹性体、极性材料与非极性材料共混相溶剂和粘度调节剂等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景 ,引起了人们的普遍关注 .文献报道较多的是聚苯乙烯 乙烯 丙烯[1] 、聚苯乙烯 乙烯 丁烯 苯乙烯[2 ] 、聚苯乙烯 异丁烯 苯乙烯[3 ] 等共聚物中 ,聚苯乙烯链段部分磺化后所得离聚体的合成与性质研究 .众所周知 ,含氟聚合物具有低表面能和高表面活性等特性 ,因而将含氟基团引入到嵌段共聚物离聚体中有望开发出一种新型的特殊功能材料 .原子转移自由基聚合 (ATRP)自 1 995年问世以来 ,已成功…     

不同软段结构的双离子型聚氨酯离聚体

本文讨论了以聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、聚环氧丙烷(PPO)以及聚丁二烯(PBD)为软段,以4,4’-二异氰酸二苯甲烷(MDI)和N,N-二羟乙基甲胺(MDEA)为硬段的链段型聚氨酯的合成。并通过MDEA中的第三胺与Υ-丙磺内酯反应,转化为双离子型离聚体。用差示扫描量热、红外光谱、动态力学性能以及应力-应变等实验方法研究了化学组成和氨磺化程度对材料相分离程度,力学性能和形态结构的影响。结果表明,离子化后的材料力学性能有很大的改善。对PBD为软段的材料,离子化只能提高硬段“微区”的内聚能,而对PEO、PPO为软段的材料,还能大大提高软、硬相的相分离程度。     

STUDIES OF MAIN CHAIN DYNAMICS OF FLUORINE-CONTAINING IONOMERS BY CARBON-13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RELAXATION

The carbon-13 spin-spin relaxation times of fluorine-containing ionomers are measured and motional correlation times τ_o and τ_d are calculated by using VJGM model . The results show that the motions of polymer main chain in ionomers become more difficult with increasing of ionization degree and contents of functional group, and depend on the fine structures and stability of ionic microdomains.     

交联共聚丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸水凝胶溶胀态分子动力学的NMR弛豫研究

用反相悬浮聚合法制备了交联度分别为10％、7．5％、5％、1％、0．5％及0．25％的丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸P（AAM－NaAA）交联共聚水凝胶，用HNMR驰豫方法测定了水及聚合物主链上（－CH2CH－）基团中质子的自旋-自旋驰豫时间（T2），并结合质子线型分析，研究了交联凝胶在溶胀态下的内部分子运动，讨论了不同交联度下谱线线宽及驰豫变化的机制。结果表明，由于交联使凝胶内部各向异性相互作用增强，存在有残余的偶极-偶极相互作用，质子语具有特征的超Lorentz线型；质子线宽比非交联态时加大，水及主链的T2随交联度的加大而减小，反映了内部分子运动由强变弱的过程；水的T2驰豫不是单纯的单指数驰豫行为，表明凝胶内部有较强的键合束缚水存在，与DSC实验的结论一致。     

乙烯-丙烯共聚物磺酸盐离聚物的研究——Ⅰ.乙烯-丙烯共聚物及其氯磺化反应

本文用钛系高效催化剂合成了四种乙烯-丙烯共聚物,测定了共聚物的单体组成、序列结构分布、分子量和结晶度.在考察了引发剂和氯磺化试剂对氯磺化反应影响的基础上,制备了不同磺化度的氯磺化乙丙共聚物,并用~(13)C-NMR分析其化学结构,表明共聚物分子链上CH没有发生反应,CH_3只被-SO_2Cl取代,而CH_2可被-SO_2Cl或-Cl取代.     

丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸交联共聚凝胶结构与分子运动的~1H NMR自旋晶格弛豫研究

用1HNMR方法测定了交联度分别为10％,7.5％，5％，25％，1％，0．5％及0．25％的丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸与N，N’－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联共聚水凝胶中水及主链质子的化学位移谱及自旋晶格弛豫时间T1，并用BBP模型进行了讨论。结果表明，水和凝胶主链的质子线宽随交联度加大而明显增宽，只有在低交联度下，由空间立规度造成的精细分裂才能呈现出来；水凝胶体系中水自旋晶格弛豫时间T1随交联度加大而非单调地减小，寓示凝胶内部有较强的键合束缚水存在，并满足双相快交换模型。聚合物主链质子T1与水质子的T1弛豫行为相反，随交联度加大主链运动受限加强而使其运动减慢，反映了聚合物主链的大分子运动特征，发现主链（-CH-）与（－CH2－）质子T1之比可表征凝胶内部分子链运动的强弱；讨论了NMR弛豫与凝胶孔径结构的关联。     

STUDIES ON THE CHAIN STRUCTURAL EFFECT OF PVDF AND VDF (52)/TrFE(48) COPOLYMER BY MEANS OF THE METHOD OF DIELECTRIC RELAXATION

Through improvements on a fully commercial and automatic system measuring frequency andtemperature spectra of the complex elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric constants of polymerfilms, the precision for measuring complex dielectric constants achieved 2‰ from original 1%.The complex dielectric constants of PVDF, VDF (95 )/VF (5), VDF (52)/TrFE (48) and VDF(47. 5)/TrFE(47. 5)/HeFP (5) over a range of-120-140℃, 10-2-10~4Hz were measured bythe described system. The diminution of chain regularity due to 5mol% vinyl fluoride in the chainof PVDF led to disappearing of α-relaxation and increase in T_g (3℃) of VDF (95)/VF (5).Because of the spatial impediment of 5mol% HeFP in copolymer chain, the Curie point of VDF(52)/TrFE(48) decreased by 30℃ and T_g by 3℃. The behavior of dielectric relaxation indicatedthat 5mol% vinyl fluoride and HeFP made the relaxation strength of noncrystalline regionreduced, the activation energy of local relaxation increased and the relaxation time prolonged respectively.     

3,4-聚异戊二烯的磺化反应及其离聚体的结构研究

本工作合成了磺化的3,4-聚异戊二烯及其离子聚合体,IR和NMR谱图证明对3,4-聚异戊二烯的磺化反应是成功的,并且磺酸基团主要与3,4-链节的侧基双键发生反应。WAXD对磺化3,4-聚异戊二烯及其离聚体的研究表明,磺化度的增加使离聚体的结晶能力降低,SAXS结果表明,在离子含量为3.29mol％的离聚体中,未观察到离子簇聚集,只观察到多重离子对的散射。     

PHYSICO-MECHANICAL,OPTICAL, AND WAXS STUDIES ON CHAIN EXTENDED POLYURETHANE

Thermoset polyurethane (PU) elastomers were prepared using castor oil, 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), and tol-uene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). The effect of aromatic diamines on the physico-mechanical and optical properties of chain extended polyurethane prepared using castor oil has been investigated. Tensile strength and percent elongation lies in the range 13–24 MPa and 76–32, respectively. Higher tensile strength was observed for 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulphone (DDS) than the 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) chain extender. The properties imparted by the extenders are explained on the basis of the groups present in the diamines. These changes have been interpreted quantitatively in terms of microcrystalline parameters computed using wide-angle X-ray scattering data.     

聚合物片晶中链折叠模型的对称性讨论

本文从对称的观点讨论了在聚合物片晶中链折叠的问题.提出只有当分子链在折向相反方向后对称性不改变时,近邻规整折叠才是可能的.它是近邻折叠的必要条件.根据折叠时“对称性不变”这一论点,可以预言分子链近邻规整折叠的可能性及可能的折叠方向.     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHAIN DYNAMICS OF DI-AND TRI-BLOCK COPOLYMERS IN SEMIDILUTE SOLUTION IN A NON-SELECTIVE SOLVENT

The chain dynamics of a pair of diblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene) (PS210-b-PB960) and triblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (PS200-b-PB1815-b-PS200) copolymers in both dilute and semidilute toluene solutions has been comparatively studied by dynamic laser light scattering. As expected, the mutual diffusion of individual chain changes into a fast cooperative diffusion of the chain segments (“blobs“) between two neighboring entanglement points for both the copolymers as the solution changes from dilute to semidilute. Further increases of the concentration lead to a second slow relaxation mode. For the triblock chains, there exists an additional middle relaxation between the fast and the slow modes.with 0.33 ＜α＜ 0.44, much smaller than 0.75 predicted or 0.72 observed for linear homopolymer chains in good solvent. It implies that the solvent quality of toluene for PB might not be as good as that for PS. Due to such a difference in solubility, it is reasonable to speculate that the PB and PS blocks are transiently segregated in semidilute solution. The relaxation of these transient PB and PS richer domains leads to the observed slow relaxation. Such a speculation is supported by the appearance of an additional slow relaxation mode in the study of polyisoprene-b-polystyrene-b-polyisoprene in semidilute solution in cyclohexane, a non-selective solvent, in which we alternated the solubility difference by a variation of the solution temperature.