Fractionation of the hemicelluloses of the leaves ofPolygonum weyrichii and characterization of the structure of the arabinoxyloglucan isolated

The results are given of investigations of the polysaccharide complex of the leaves ofPolygonum weyrichii. The complex was isolated by alkaline extraction from the leaves. The water-soluble fraction of the alkali-soluble hemicelluloses has been characterized. It consists of an arabinoxyloglucan. Information is given on the isolation and characterization of the composition and properties of the xyloglucan. Structural features of the biopolymer have been investigated.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 12–15, January–February, 1984.     

Preliminary investigation of the water-soluble polysaccharides from the leaves of the bambooSasamorpha chiisanensis

It has been shown that the water-soluble polysaccharides of the leaves of the bambooSasamorpha chiisanensis Nak., after the removal of starch, contain residues of D-galactose, D-glucose, mannose, arabinose, D-xylose, rhamnose, and glucuronic and galacturonic acids and form an involved polysaccharide complex. Eight polysaccharide fractions differing in their uronic acid contents and in the ratio of neutral sugars have been isolated with the aid of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 44–48, January–February, 1987.     

Carbohydrates and lipids ofBrassica oleracea

Lipids and polysaccharides have been obtained from the leaves ofBrassica oleracea. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the lipid complex have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the total neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The carbohydrate complex of cabbage includes water-soluble polysaccharides, low-methoxyl pectins, hemicelluloses, and free monosugars. The polypeptides have been characterized by their mannoside compositions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 612–615, September–October, 1994.     

HPLC Separation of O-Acylated Flavonoids and Biflavones from Some Species of Gymnospermae

Flavonoids present in the extracts from leaves of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Pinaceae), Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) and Podocarpus dacrydioides (Podocarpaceae) were separated by use of the reversed phase HPLC method. The analysed compounds belong to different groups of flavonoids – biflavones (amentoflavone, bilobetin, 5–methoxybilobetin, podocarpusflavone A, sequoiaflavone, podocarpusflavone B, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, sciadopitysin, kayaflavone, hinokiflavone, 2,3–dihydrosciadopitysin, 2,3–dihydroisoginkgetin), O–acylated flavonol glycosides (daglesiosides I, II, III, IV, trans–tiliroside, trans–ditiliroside), flavonol O–glycosides (astragalin, isoquercetin) and flavonol aglycones (kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin). The conditions for flavonoid separation were optimized using various RP–18 columns. The chromatographic resolution was performed with isocratic or gradient elution – optimized by Drylab program or by traditional trial-and-error method, depending on the composition of flavonoid complex.     

Essential oils of the leaves of grafts ofCitrus unshiu

The compositions of the essential oils obtained by steam distillation from the leaves of frost-resistant stocks of trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.) and Yunos-Yuzu citrus (Citrus ionos (Sieb.) and grafts of the mandarin orangeC. unshiu Marc —P. trifoliata +C. unshiu andC. ionos +C. unshiu — have been investigated with the aid of vacuum distillation, GLC, chromatography on an alumina column, and IR spectroscopy. The leaves were collected in the period of the flowering of the plants. The essential oils of grafts of the unshiu mandarin on trifoliate orange and Yunos-Yuzu citrus differed from one another with respect to the amounts of the components.Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, Batumi Botanical Garden, Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 607–610, September–October, 1984.     

Lipids of the vegetative and generative organs ofHibiscus sp.

The lipids of the leaves, stems, and roots ofHibiscus sp. have been studied. Their fatty acid compositions have been determined. The greatest amount of unsaturated fatty acids was present in the glycolipids of the leaves and the stems. More than 25% of low-molecular-mass C₁₀-C₁₂ fatty acids have been found in the neutral lipids of the roots.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 705–708, September–October, 1996. Original article submitted March 11, 1996.     

Accumulation of polysaccharides under the influence of chlorocholine chloride inAronia melanocarpa

Water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPSs) have been isolated from the fruit and leaves ofAronia melanocarpa Elliot (black chokeberry) plants treated with chlorocholine chloride in various concentrations. It has been established that they are composed of galacturonic acid and the neutral monosaccharides galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose. In addition, another two unidentified spots of monosaccharides or their derivatives were found in the polysaccharides of the fruit, and one in those of the leaves. The ratios of the neutral monosaccharides in the WSPSs have been determined. Accumulation of the polysaccharides under the influence of various concentrations of chlorocholine chloride has been studied. It has been established that the retardant used (chlorocholine chloride) increases the accumulation of polysaccharides in the fruit by a factor of 1.5–2, but no appreciable accumulation of them was observed in the leaves.I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 601–604, September–October, 1979.     

Polysaccharide from the leaves ofPhytolacca americana

A polysaccharide has been isolated from the leaves ofPhytolacca americana and has been characterized. It has been established that it contains residues of galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose, in a ratio of 3:4:1:3 and also D-galacturonic acid (85–90%). The results obtained permit the polysaccharide to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.All-Union Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 166–169, March–April, 1982.     

Isolation of cyclocolorenone from the essential oil ofLedum palustre

Summary From a carbon dioxide extract and also from the essential oil of the leaves ofLedum palustre L. the sesquiterpene ketone cyclocolorenone, hitherto unreported for this medicinal plant, has been isolated. The structure proposed for it previously has been confirmed by NMR and mass spectroscopy and also by the production of hydrogenation products.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 212–215, March–April, 1978.     

Characteristics of the water-soluble polysaccharides of the leaves ofSilphium perfoliatum

The characteristics of the water-soluble complex of the leaves ofSilphium perfoliatum are given. The presence in them of acidic components of the type of pectic substances containing considerable amounts of compounds of protein nature has been shown. It has proved to be possible to separate the latter from the carbohydrate component by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 771–774, November–December, 1979.     

A natural undecaprenol and its influence on the biochemical reactions of cotton seedling nuclei

A method has been developed for isolating polyprenols from the leaves of cotton plants of lines L-463, L-501, and L-4. The influence of an undecaprenol on the level of biosynthesis of the proteins of the nuclei of cotton seedlings has been studiedin vivo andin vitro. It has been found that they double the level of biosynthesis nuclear proteins when the seeds are first wetted in a 0.1% solution.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 65–69, January–February, 1998.     

Polysaccharides ofUngernia. XIII. Carbohydrates of the leaves of the genusUngernia

The present communication gives the results of an investigation of the carbohydrates isolated from the leaves of eight species ofUngernia. From a single sample were successively extracted the water-soluble polysaccharides, the glucofructans, the pectin substances, and the hemicelluloses. The qualitative and quantitative monosaccharide compositions of the carbohydrates isolated were determined, and the characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 647–650, September–October, 1984.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eminium Lehmannii</Emphasis> Leaves and Tubers

Lipids of Eminium Lehmannii leaves and tuber casings and cores were studied. Their class and fatty-acid compositions were determined. Leaf pigments were investigated.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 115–116, March–April, 2005.     

Rapid Determination of Salicylic Acid in Plant Materials by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Summary Salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling compound in plants such as tobacco, cucumber, and tomato which can induce systemic acquired resistance. In the work discussed in this paper a simple, rapid, and sensitive method was developed for determination of salicylic acid in plant tissues by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). SA from tomato leaves extracted with 9:1 (v/v) methanol–chloroform was derivatized by use of bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) under the optimum reaction conditions (120 °C, 60 min). Quantitative analysis by GC–MS was performed in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode using an internal standard. Procedures for sample preparation and reaction conditions were optimized. Analysis was completed within 2 h. A sensitivity of 10 ng g^–1 fresh weight and a relative standard deviation less than 5.0% for SA in tomato leaves were achieved. The method could be used for investigation of SA in plant tissues to monitor fast responses of plant defense.     

Homogeneous and heterogeneous olefin epoxidation catalyzed by a binuclear Mn(II)Mn(III) complex

The synthesis and characterization of a binuclear carboxylated bridged manganese complex containing the heptadentate ligand N,N′-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N′-bis(2-methylpyridyl)-2-ol-1,3-propanediamine (H₃bbppnol) is reported. This complex was characterized by elemental analysis; infrared, electronic (UV–vis) and EPR spectroscopy; and conductivity measurements. The complex was immobilized on silica by either adsorption or entrapment via a sol–gel route. The obtained solids were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TG and DSC), UV–vis and infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The catalytic performance of the binuclear manganese complex in epoxidation reactions was evaluated for both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The catalytic investigation revealed that the complex performs well as an epoxidation catalyst for the substrates cyclohexene (26–39%) and cyclooctene (29–74%). The solids containing the immobilized complex can be recovered from the reaction medium and reused, maintaining good catalytic activity.     

Unsaponifiable substances of the lipids of the leaves ofHibiscus sp

The unsaponifiable substances of the lipids of the leaves ofHibiscus sp. have been studied. The compositions have been found of seven classes of compounds: hydrocarbons, carotenoids, tocopherols, isoprenols, triterpenols, and phytosterols and their esters.The materials of the paper were presented at the IInd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds (SCNC, Turkey, Eskiehir, October 22–24, 1996).Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 49–51, January–February, 1997.     

Hydrolyzed Tannin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphorbia glareosa</Emphasis> Leaves

Hydrolyzed tannin (I), the structure of which was established using chemical investigations and UV, IR, PMR and ¹³C NMR spectra, was isolated from Euphorbia glareosa leaves.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 250–251, May–June, 2005.     

A novel fluorescein-porphyrinatozinc(II) hybrid: synthesis and its supramolecular self-assembly with imidazolyl-linked porphyrinatomanganese(III) by coordinative bonding

A novel fluorescein–porphyrinatozinc(II) hybrid, Zn(Fl–PPTPP), was synthesized and characterized by u.v.–vis., i.r., ¹H-n.m.r, ESMS and elemental analyses. The supramolecular self-assembly of Zn(Fl–PPTPP) with an imidazolyl-linked porphyrinatomanganese(III), Mn^(III)(p-ImBPTPP)Cl, complex has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopic titration, VPO measurements and ESMS, which indicates that the formation of the Zn(Fl–PPTPP)–Mn^(III)(p-ImBPTPP)Cl. supramolecular complex is driven by coordinative bonding formed by the coordination of imidazolyl group in Mn^(III)(p-ImBPTPP)Cl to Zn(II) in Zn(Fl–PPTPP). The association constant of the supramolecular complex was calculated from the fluorescence spectroscopic titration data. It was found that the conformation of the Zn(Fl–PPTPP)–Mn^(III)(p-ImBPTPP)Cl supramolecular complex, the steric hindrance and the electronic effect of the fluorescein group linked to porphyrin through a flexible long alkoxy chain are all acting on the association constant of the Zn(Fl–PPTPP)–Mn^(III)(p-ImBPTPP)Cl supramolecular complex. It seems that the steric hindrance and the electronic effect of the fluorescein group are the primary factors effecting the association constant of Zn(Fl–PPTPP)–Mn^(III)(p-ImBPTPP)Cl supramolecular complex, especially the electronic effect of the fluorescein group, which is the reason for the association constant of Zn(Fl–PPTPP)–Mn^(III)(p-ImBPTPP)Cl being smaller than that of ZnTPP–Mn^(III)(p-ImBPTPP)Cl.     

Gas-liquid chromatography of triterpene alcohols of the dammarane series from the leaves of the genusBetula

The relative retention times have been determined and the stability has been shown of tetracyclic alcohols of the dammarane series from leaves of Far Eastern species of the genusBetula, and of their TMS ethers, on the stationary liquid phases OV-1 and OV-225 under GLC conditions. The conditions of obtaining the TMS ethers of the compounds under investigation, and the properties of these ethers, have been studied with the aid of GLC analysis, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 592–596, September–October, 1983.     

Structure of the sesquiterpene lactone tanacin

Summary 1. A new sesquiterpene lactone which has been called tanacin has been isolated from the leaves ofTanacetum pseudoachillea C. Winkl.2. On the basis of an interpretation of the PMR spectrum of (I) using the method of multifrequency resonance, the structure of 6-angeloyloxy-1,10-epoxygermacr-4,11(13)-dien-8,12-olide has been established for tanacin.3. The chemical conversion of tanacin into chrysanin has been performed, which confirms the structure found.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 170–174, March–April, 1976.