SAR target detection based on the optimal fractional Gabor spectrum feature

In this paper, an algorithm based on fractional time-frequency spectrum feature is proposed to improve the accuracy of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target detection. By extending fractional Gabor transform (FrGT) into two dimensions, the fractional time-frequency spectrum feature of an image can be obtained. In the achievement process, we search for the optimal order and design the optimal window function to accomplish the two-dimensional optimal FrGT. Finally, the energy attenuation gradient (EAG) feature of the optimal time-frequency spectrum is extracted for high-frequency detection. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a good performance in SAR target detection and lays the foundation for recognition.     

Novel spectrum sensing method based on the spatial spectrum for cognitive radio systems

Spectrum sensing is the key problem for Cognitive Radio (CR) systems. A method based on the Peak-to-Average Amplitude-Ratio (PAAR) of the Spatial Spectrum (SS) of the received signals is proposed to sense the available spectrum for the cognitive users with the help of the multiple antennas at the receiver of the cognitive users. The greatest advantage of the new method is that it requires no information of the noise power and is free of the noise power uncertainty. Both the simulation and the analytical results show that the proposed method is robust to noise uncertainty, and greatly outperform the classical Energy Detector (ED) method.     

An adaptive measurement scheme based on compressed sensing for wideband spectrum detection in cognitive WSN

An Adaptive Measurement Scheme (AMS) is investigated with Compressed Sensing (CS) theory in Cognitive Wireless Sensor Network (C-WSN). Local sensing information is collected via energy detection with Analog-to-Information Converter (AIC) at massive cognitive sensors, and sparse representation is considered with the exploration of spatial temporal correlation structure of detected signals. Adaptive measurement matrix is designed in AMS, which is based on maximum energy subset selection. Energy subset is calculated with sparse transformation of sensing information, and maximum energy subset is selected as the row vector of adaptive measurement matrix. In addition, the measurement matrix is constructed by orthogonalization of those selected row vectors, which also satisfies the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) in CS theory. Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) reconstruction algorithm is implemented at sink node to recover original information. Simulation results are performed with the comparison of Random Measurement Scheme (RMS). It is revealed that, signal reconstruction effect based on AMS is superior to conventional RMS Gaussian measurement. Moreover, AMS has better detection performance than RMS at lower compression rate region, and it is suitable for large-scale C-WSN wideband spectrum sensing.     

基于小波变换与支持向量机回归的冬小麦叶面积指数估算

叶面积指数(LAI)是作物长势诊断及产量预测的重要参数。通过对冬小麦采样点的高光谱曲线进行连续小波变换(CWT),然后利用小波系数与LAI 建立支持向量机回归(SVR)模型,实现冬小麦不同生育时期的叶面积指数估算。通过对所研究方法与选取的植被指数、偏最小二乘(PLS)回归等5种方法的反演结果进行统计分析。结果表明:利用连续小波变换确定的LAI 的敏感波段为680、739、802、895 nm,对应尺度分别为8、4、9 和8,对应小波系数的LAI 回归确定系数(R2)明显高于冠层反射率的回归确定系数;利用小波系数与LAI 建立的SVR 模型的反演精度最高,模型实测值与预测值的检验精度(R2)为0.86,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.43;而常用植被指数(归一化植被指数,NDVI;比值植被指数,RVI)建立的估测模型对冬小麦多个生育时期LAI 反演精度最低(R2 0.76,RMSE0.56)。因此利用连续小波变换进行数据预处理,能更好地筛选出对叶面积指数敏感的信息,LAI 回归方法比较结果表明,SVR 比PLS 更适合于LAI 的估测,通过将CWT 与SVR 结合(CWT-SVR)能实现不同生育时期冬小麦叶面积指数的遥感估算。     

基于最小二乘的同步多用户非周期长码直扩信号扩频序列估计

针对低信噪比下同步多用户非周期长码直扩信号的扩频序列估计问题, 提出了一种基于嵌套迭代最小二乘投影算法的扩频序列估计方法.首先, 将同步多用户非周期长码直扩信号等效为含有缺失数据的相应的短码直扩信号.然后, 利用最大似然估计理论对相应的短码直扩信号进行数学分析, 构建扩频序列估计的数学模型.最后, 利用一种嵌套迭代最小二乘投影算法来实现扩频序列的估计.研究表明, 该算法在低信噪比(小于-10 dB)情况下, 对多用户(多达10路)扩频序列的估计有着良好的性能表现.     

基于反射光谱的单层抗反射膜的非在位膜厚精确控制

提出一种基于反射光谱分析的非在位膜厚控制技术,首先利用椭圆偏振光谱仪确定波长300～1 700 nm范围内的薄膜折射率,由此确定对应于特定波长(如1 550 nm)的最佳抗反射(AR)镀膜沉积条件。然后计算最佳AR镀膜厚度所对应的反射谱,得到相应的CIE标准色谱坐标。通过对比实测镀膜颜色和计算得到的最佳颜色,可以实现小尺寸器件端面上AR镀膜厚度的优化控制。利用这一方法,由等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)制备的SiNx单层AR镀膜,获得了4.4×10-4的反射率。     

Integrations of both high resolution reconstruction and non-uniformity correction of infrared image sequence based on regularized maximum a posteriori

During thermal imaging,it is vital importance to obtain high-performance images that non-uniformity noise in infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) should be eliminatined and the imaging spatial resolution...     

一种基于参数重估计和分层匹配的PTZ相机参数修正算法

由于多种因素的影响,PTZ(pan-ti lt-zoom)相机经过长时间运行后其参数会偏离真实值,因 此有必要对相机参数进行修正。针对现有算法参数修正精度低、适应能力弱等问题,提 出了一 种改进的基于参数重估计和分层匹配的参数修正算法。算法通过引入参数重估计策略,避免 了参数 修正过程中的误差累积,提高了参数修正的精度;通过设计分层匹配和特征传播步骤,增强 了算法 对不同尺度图像的适应性。实际场景中的多组实验结果表明,本文算法可以准确修正PTZ相 机参数,并且较现有方法更具优越性。     

光通信系统中基于LDPC码的SFEC码型研究

基于光通信系统中低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码型的构造原则和构造方法,构造了适用于光通信系统中冗余度为6.69%的新颖LDPC(3969,3720)和冗余度为4.56%的新颖LDPC(8281,7920)码。仿真分析表明:在10-12的误码率(BER)时,这两种新颖码型在迭代18次后的净编码增益(NCG)分别比ITU-TG.975中RS(255,236)码的NCG大1.63dB和1.49dB,并且LDPC码的译码可在硬件上并行实现;这两种新颖码型的译码速度相当快,与ITU-TG.975.1中级联码型相比,这两种LDPC码的实现复杂度要低得多,可在将来的硬件实现中节省存储空间和减少计算量。因而,所构造的这两种新颖LDPC码型都可作为超验前向纠错(SFEC)码的候选码型。     

基于改进广义回归神经网络和主成分分析的宽带DOA估计

为了获取较高的宽带信号的DOA(direction-of-arrival)估计精度,提出了基于改进的广义回归神经网络(IGRNN,improved generalized regression neural network)和主成分分析(PCA,principalcomponent analysis)的宽带DOA估计算法。选用PCA方法对训练样本进行降维,以降低神经网络的复杂度;利用粒子群算法优化GRNN的参数;根据选取不同的聚焦角度确定粗估计、精估计的训练模型,通过粗估计得出目标的大致方位后,利用精估计模型得出最终的估计结果,避免了聚焦角度对估计精度的影响。仿真结果表明,本文提出的算法具有较好的估计精度和较高的工作效率。     

Effect of a thin W, Pt, Mo, and Zr interlayer on the thermal stability and electrical characteristics of NiSi

It is reported that the thermal stability of NiSi is improved by employing respectively the addition of a thin interlayer metal (W, Pt, Mo, Zr) within the nickel film. The results show that after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at temperatures ranging from 650 °C to 800 °C, the sheet resistance of formed ternary silicide Ni(M)Si was less than 3 Ω/□, and its value is also lower than that of pure nickel monosilicide. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and raman spectra results both reveal that only the Ni(M)Si phase exists in these samples, but the high resistance NiSi₂ phase does not. Fabricated Ni(M)Si/Si Schottky barrier devices displayed good I-V electrical characteristics, with the barrier height being located generally between 0.65 eV and 0.71 eV, and the reverse breakdown voltage exceeding to 40 V. It shows that four kinds of Ni(M)Si film can be considered as the satisfactory local connection and contact material.     

Radiance map construction based on spatial and intensity correlations between LE and SE images for HDR imaging

HDR image was developed for the reproduction of real scenes with an acquisition of large dynamic range. In general, HDR image consists of several different exposure images according to the exposure value of a digital camera. Before the construction of a single HDR image, each input image is calibrated using CRF to convert its image data to scene radiance. In order find CRF, conventional methods require special apparatus and reference targets, or several exposure images. This paper proposes a new HDR blending algorithm that uses only dual-exposure images. The proposed algorithm is based on the least squares method, and includes spatial and intensity weighting functions. Each weighting function is used to reduce error points and improve CRF computation accuracy. In addition, a constraint is added to correct white balance in the brightness level. The rendering results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the conventional algorithm.     

光通信中基于BIBD与循环矩阵分解的QC-LDPC码新颖构造方法

为了满足光通信系统中对纠错码高码率、低误码率(EBR)的要求,基于平衡不完全区组设计(BIBD)和循环矩阵分解,提出一种构造简单的新颖准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码构造方法,并构造了适用于光通信系统的规则BIBDdes-QC-LDPC(6736,6316)码。仿真结果表明,在BER=10-6时其码率均为93.7%的情况下,所构造的BIBDdes-QC-LDPC(6736,6316)码的净编码增益(NCG)比已广泛应用于光通信系统中的经典RS(255,239)码改善了约2.2dB,并且比只基于BIBD所构造的同码率同码长的规则BIBD-QC-LDPC(6736,6315)和基于伽罗华域(GF)乘群所构造的同码率的非规则QC-LDPC(3843,3603)码都分别改善了约0.2dB。因而,运用本文方法构造的QC-LDPC码型的纠错性能更强,更适用于高速长距离光通信系统。并且,本文方法还具有BIBD构造方法的优点,可灵活地调整码率码长。     

Qualification of plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEM) for avionicsBased on ``Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits (PEM) Qualification Testing'''', by J. A. Scalise, which appeared in the Proceedings of the 46th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, Orlando, FL, U.S.A., 28–31 May 1996, pp. 392–397. © 1996 IEEE.

Microcircuit package qualification testing is used to establish the reliability of integrated circuit processes and devices as they relate to part packaging. This paper presents the results of package qualification tests conducted on plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) and plastic discrete devices (diodes, transistors) used in avionics applications. Highly accelerated stress test (HAST) and temperature cycle (TC) test results, including part failure mechanisms and associated failure rates, are provided. A variety of plastic package styles and integrated circuit functions have been tested. Examples of package styles tested include small outline (SO), plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC), thin small outline package (TSOP), plastic quad flat package (PQFP) and plastic dual-in-line (PDIP).Manufacturers' devices have been evaluated and various plastic compounds have been compared to determine which provide optimum reliability. The testing showed that package qualification performance of PEMs is affected by type of compound, passivation (including die coat) and die size. HAST failures are caused by moisture penetration of the package while temperature cycle failures result from coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch effects.