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铝形态分析的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了铝形态分析的意义,环境和生物体系中铝存在的形式,综述了铝形态分析时采用的连续静态浸提法、铝-试铁灵逐时络合比色光度法、酸碱电位滴定、电化学分析、色谱分析、核磁共振及计算机拟合等分析方法(1984—2009年间),引用文献65篇。 相似文献
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环境与生物体系中铝形态分析技术的新进展 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
铝的形态分析是研究环境和生物体系中铝的毒性、生物有效性和传输机理的关键。从IUPAC2000,72,1453和Analyst2001,126(2)对元素形态概念的最新定义,在过去20年来,形态分析都是依据操作手段来进行“组形态”(group species)分析。然而,随着近5年来分析技术的发展,对铝的形态分析逐步达到了“单形态”(individual species)分析的水平。从以下两个方面对该领域的最新进展进行了评述,即:(1)组形态分析(fractionation):离子交换、电化学分析和流动注射;(2)单形态分析(speciation):联用技术、核磁共振和计算机拟合。 相似文献
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JIANG Shu-bin WANG He-yi ZHONG Zhi-jing YANG Yong DU Yang TIAN Jun-hua CHENG Qiong MA Jun-ge LUO Shun-zhong 《化学研究与应用》2008,(1)
建立了含多种金属离子和小分子配体组成的多相Np(Ⅴ)体液平衡模型。模拟研究了Np(Ⅴ)在胃液、汗液、组织液、细胞液和尿液中的形态分布。结果表明:胃液中,当[Np]为1×10-15mol.L-1~1×10-3mol.L-1时,Np(Ⅴ)以NpO2 形态存在。汗液中,当[Np]=1×10-6mol.L-1时,Np(Ⅴ)以NpO2 形态存在,当[Np]=1×10-3mol.L-1,pH4.2~5.0时,主要以NpO2 形态存在;随着pH升高,Np(Ⅴ)逐渐以固相Np2O5为主,到pH7.0时,Np2O5含量达99%。组织液中,当[Np]<4×10-6mol.L-1时,Np(Ⅴ)以NpO2CO3-、NpO2 和NpO2HPO4-形态存在,随[Np]增高,固相NaNpO2CO3逐渐占据主导地位,当[Np]=1×10-4mol.L-1时,固相含量达100%。当[Np]=1×10-3mol.L-1时,随组织液中添加的EDTA的浓度增加,固相含量逐渐降低,当[EDTA]=0.0085 mol.L-1时,已无固相Np(Ⅴ)形态。细胞液中,当[Np]=1×10-6mol.L-1时,Np(Ⅴ)以NpO2CO3-、NpO2 和NpO2HPO4-形态存在;当[Np]=1×10-3mol.L-1时,主要以固相Np2O5存在,但在巨噬细胞极低pH值的细胞液中以NpO2 形态存在。尿液中,当[Np]=1×10-6mol.L-1时,Np(Ⅴ)以NpO2 和NpO2HPO4-两种形态存在;当[Np]=1×10-3mol.L-1,pH>5.0时,随pH升高,固相Np2O5含量增加并逐渐占主导地位,但当pH<5.0时,Np(Ⅴ)主要以NpO2 形态存在,提示可降低尿液pH值促进肾脏Np(Ⅴ)排出。 相似文献
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建立了含多种金属离子和小分子配体组成的多相Np(V)体液平衡模型.模拟研究了Np(V)在胃液、汗液、组织液、细胞液和尿液中的形态分布.结果表明:胃液中,当[Np]为1×10-15mol 形态存在.汗液中,当[Np]=1×10-6mol·L-1时,Np(V)以NpO2 形态存在,当[Np]=1×10-3mol·L-1,pH4.2~5.0时,主要以NpO2 形态存在;随着pH升高,Np(V)逐渐以固相Np2O5为主,到pH7.0时,Np2O5含量达99%.组织液中,当[Np]<4×10-6mol·L-1时,Np(V)以NpO2CO3-、NpO2 和NpO2HPO4-形态存在,随[Np]增高,固相NaNpO2CO3逐渐占据主导地位,当[Np]=1×10-4mol·L-1时,固相含量达100%.当[Np]=1×10-3mol·L-1时,随组织液中添加的EDTA的浓度增加,固相含量逐渐降低,当[EDTA]=0.0085 mol·L-1时,已无固相Np(V)形态.细胞液中,当[Np]=1×10-6mol·L-1时,Np(V)以NpO2CO3-、NpO2 和NpO2HPO4-形态存在;当[Np]=1×10-3mol·L-1时,主要以固相Np2O5存在,但在巨噬细胞极低pH值的细胞液中以NpO2 形态存在.尿液中,当[Np]=1×10-6 mol·L-1时,Np(V)以NpO2 和NpO2HPO4-两种形态存在;当[Np]=1×10-3mol·L-1,pH>5.0时,随pH升高,固相Np2O5含量增加并逐渐占主导地位,但当pH<5.0时,Np(V)主要以NpO2 形态存在,提示可降低尿液pH值促进肾脏Np(V)排出. 相似文献
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研究了红壤不同利利用方式对铝的活性和形态的影响。结果表明:四种活性铝的提取剂对土壤中铝的提取力顺序一般为0.5mol/LNaOH>1mol/LHCl>1mol/LNH4Ac>1mol/LKCl。土壤中水溶性铝含量对土壤酸度十分敏感。 相似文献
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本实验采用两根反相柱串联而形成的高效液相色谱柱切换装置,直接进样测定血浆中抗癌药物丝裂霉素C。第一根柱利用胶束流动相进行样品的纯化和富集,第二根柱对药物进行分析。紫外检测波长为365nm。药物的回收率在95.9%~100.3%之间,相对标准偏差为2.76%。用该法对人和狗的局部和全身注射药物的血浆样品进行了测定。 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(10):1368-1381
Abstract Chloramphenicol (CAP) is the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever and other diseases and is consumed by millions of people. Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, but it has serious side effects and high risk of anemia if taken continuously. The drug persists for a long time in the human body and is likely to damage to the liver, kidneys, and red blood cells, even at low concentrations. From the human health point of view, analysis of low levels of this drug in biological samples is important. This article present an overview of the analysis of CAP in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the available methods are compared in terms of their applications, efficiencies, and effectiveness. 相似文献
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氯敌鼠(chlorophacinone)为第一代抗凝血杀鼠剂,主要是拮抗维生素K1的活性,阻碍凝血酶原的合成,损害微血管,降低血液凝固能力,因而造成皮下出血和内脏大量出血而引起死亡。中毒潜伏期3~5天,死亡高峰为4~6天。氯敌鼠由于中毒潜伏期长,体内检测有一定难度,特别是经过抢救以后,体内含量降低,因此需要高灵敏度的方法进行检验。生物检材中氯敌鼠的分析,国内外均有报道,检测方法多用有机溶剂提取,HPLC法和紫外导数法分析。中国刑警学院谭家镒等人,采用GDX101大孔树脂提取,紫外导数法进行测定。有关用硅胶柱提取,LC-MS测定的方法未见报道。 相似文献
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本文报道了HPLC法测定,锝放射性药剂即某些锝络合物及几种生物试样中的~(99m)TcO_4,提出了消除柱上吸附干扰和样品前处理措施,克服了峰形畸变,回收完全,灵敏度为10~(-10)mol/L。 相似文献
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《Electroanalysis》2004,16(8):644-649
A simple indirect method using aluminum chelating drugs as electroactive complexation ligands for the voltammetric determination of aluminum in environmental and biological samples on glassy carbon working electrode is studied. In the range of pH 8–9, desferrioxamine (DFO), 1,2‐dimethy‐3‐hydroxypyrid‐4‐one (Hdmp), 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (Hma) and 2,3‐dihydroxypyridine (DHP) yielded good anodic peaks. It was demonstrated that the decrease of the anodic peak current of the drugs was linear with the increase of aluminum concentration. Among them, Hdmp was found the best complexible ligand and chosen for the voltammetric determination of aluminum with EDTA as chelant, which was used for masking most of the interferences. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range for determination of Al by Hdmp was 5×10?7–3×10?5 mol L?1 Al(III), the detection limit was 2×10?7 mol L?1, and the relative standard deviation for 3×10?6 mol L?1 Al(III) was 2.6% (n=7). The proposed method was applied to the determination of Al in real water samples and biological samples. The Al concentration in serum samples can be measured directly without time‐consuming digestion pretreatment. 相似文献
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《液相色谱法及相关技术杂志》2012,35(10):1855-1867
Abstract A sensitive and specific reverse phase HPLC method employing a simple sample preparation procedure and utilizing an internal standard was developed to measure the new antitumor agent AZQ in biological fluids. A single chloroform extraction gave drug recoveries of greater than 88% from plasma, urine and CSF in the range of expected physiological concentrations (20–800 ng/ml). Isocratic reverse phase HPLC with UV detection at 340 nm resulted in a limit of quantisation of 5 ng/ml although smaller amounts of the drug could be detected. This assay was successfully applied to determine the single dose plasma pharmacokinetics of AZQ in rats. The potential of this method for determining AZQ disposition and pharmacokinetics in human subjects was demonstrated by analysis of patient CSF. 相似文献