结构横风向非平稳随机振动的矩分析

将双方向脉动风速引入到气动力中，从而得到结构横风向运动的非平稳随机振动方程．运用随机微分理论和矩方程理论，得到结构截面横风向运动时的一阶矩和二阶矩的微分方程．通过数值方法，得到结构截面横风向随机振动的时程曲线．通过研究不同地貌和不同方向脉动风速对结构响应的影响，得出脉动风速及其非线性耦合项对结构横向振动具有不可忽视的影响的结论。     

惯性导航系统误差方程座标系的研究

本文对惯导系统提出导航座标系和误差方程座标系这两种不同意义的座标系概念。为了便于误差分析或减少惯性组合导航系统的滤波计算量,常采用不同于导航座标系的误差方程座标系来列写惯导误差方程。文申推导了采用地理座标系的游移方位惯导系统误差方程以及采用轨道水平座标系的惯性座标惯导系统(解析式惯导系统)误差方程。讨论了这两种方程各与指北系统以及轨道水平惯导系统误差方程的不同点。指出,在误差方程座标系与导航座标系不同的情况下,必须仔细分清误差状态的含意,才能正确使用误差方程。文申还以某种载体上升段飞行轨迹为例,仿真计算了采用轨道水平座标系的惯性座标惯导系统误差方程,用以验证方程推导方法的正确性。     

任意变刚度梁变形的通用方程

<正> 工程实际中常遇到阶梯形和锥形等变截面变刚度梁,求其复杂载荷作用下的变形多采用近似的数值解法.文[1]给出阶梯形变截面梁第 n 段变形的通用方程,需计算各段端点的转角多项式和挠度多项式的值.文[2]采用直接积分法求解变惯矩梁变形,要确定若干积分常数.本文利用 Heaviside 函数,将任意变刚度化为阶梯刚度,导出了任意变刚度梁变形的一种通用方程     

TRIAL FUNCTION METHOD FOR THE LONGITUDINAL VIBRATION OF RODS WITH VARIABLE CROSS-SECTIONS

给出了一种试探函数法,并研究了变截面杆的纵振动问题. 先给出振动控制方程的特殊函数形式的试探解,然后要求此解满足控制方程,反过来确定了控制方程各种可能的系数函数（即截面变化函数）并得到了控制方程的精确解. 作为例子,给出了一种变截面杆在3 种边界条件下的频率方程,计算出了固有频率. 研究表明,试探函数法简单、直接,适合于研究变截面杆的纵振动问题. 对于杆扭转振动、薄膜振动以及管中波传播等问题,该方法同样有推广应用价值.     

阻尼网络作为干扰项的指北方位惯导统一控制方程

为更加简捷高效地实现惯导计算机的程序编排,提出了一种新的指北方位惯导系统统一控制方程.通过改变系统控制方块图的结构,将无阻尼惯导系统和阻尼网络人为分离,阻尼网络的输出可视为系统的干扰项.系统控制方程始终采用无阻尼条件下的表达式,惯导系统控制方程和阻尼网络可以实现模块化设计,使控制方程的实现形式和推导过程大为简化.无阻尼...     

基于遗传算法的一种Tikhonov正则化改进方法

就Tikhonov正则化方法求解第一类算子方程进行了新的探讨,针对展平泛函的极值处理,采用了遗传算法来解决.结合遗传算法的优点,扩大了解决问题的范围.介绍了其基本原理及运算流程,作为此方法的应用,首先对一变截面悬臂梁模型进行截面积反求,另外解决了一个热传导反问题实例,证明了其方法的有效性.     

方位捷联惯导平台系统及其误差分析

根据导航系统对高精度的需要,在捷联惯导和平台惯导的基础上提出了一种方位捷联惯导平台,该平台取消了普通平台系统的方位环及其伺服回路,保留了俯仰环和横滚环及其对应的伺服回路,介绍了平台的组成及工作原理,并且推导出平台角误差方程、速度误差方程和位置误差方程.建立状态方程和量测方程后用Kalman滤波的方法对系统进行软件仿真,仿真结果表明,方位捷联惯导平台综合了捷联和平台的优点,具有平台角误差小、收敛速度快等特点.     

双槽圆形截面管角裂纹应力强度因子

弯曲载荷作用下,双槽圆形截面管的角裂纹具有两个不同的奇异应力场和相应的应力强度因子,针对该异型薄壁管裂纹问题,提出了一种简单实用的应力强度因子求解方法。即利用守恒律,通过选取适当的三维积分路径,并结合初等力学的应力位移计算方法,显化了应力强度因子对J_2积分的贡献,建立了一个求解应力强度因子的方程。由于该方程不足以求解两个应力强度因子,利用材料力学平截面保持平面的变形假设,建立了应力强度因子之间的补充方程。将J_2积分与补充方程联立求解,既可得到弯曲载荷作用下双槽圆形截面管角裂纹的应力强度因子。对于其他异型薄壁管裂纹问题,该方法同样适用,计算过程简单。     

平面湍流混合层的准相似性理论

本文应用周培源的理论,给出了不可压缩平面湍流混合层的一级近似解,我们考虑连续性方程,平均运动方程和二阶脉动速度关联方程,忽略二阶脉动速度关联方程中的三阶关联项,并引进自模拟假设,得到了和实验符合的平均速度,二阶脉动速度关联项和湍流微尺度等的理论计算结果。     

弹性半平面上非均匀梁的能量解法

在船闸、船坞等水工建筑物的基础设计中,往往遇到弹性地基上变截面梁的问题,计算工作比较繁重,本文提供一个相当简便的能量解法。 1.基本方程 如图1的弹性地基梁,在无量纲坐标系中,距梁中心x处的截面弯矩为     

Effect of elastic wall motion on oscillatory flow of micropolar fluid in an annular tube

Summary Oscillatory flow of a micropolar fluid in an annular tube is investigated. The outer wall of the tube is taken to be elastic and the variation in the diameter of the elastic wall due to pulsatile nature of pressure gradient is assumed to be small. The wall motion is governed by a tube law. The nonlinear equations governing the fluid flow and the tube law are solved using perturbation analysis. The steady-streaming phenomenon due to the interaction of convected inertia with viscous effects is studied. The analysis, is carried out for zero mean flow rate. It presents the effects of the elastic nature of the wall combined with micropolar fluid parameters on the mean pressure gradient and wall shear stress for different catheter sizes and frequency parameters. It is found that the effect of micropolarity is of considerable importance for small steady-streaming Reynolds number. Also, it is observed that the relationship between mean pressure gradient and the flow rate depends on the amplitude of the diameter variation, flow rate waveforms and the phase difference between them.     

固—液耦合Timoshenko管道的稳定性分析

根据Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理的固－液耦合振同分方程用幂级数法计算了Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ管道的固有频率和临界流速。给出了管道前三阶固有频率－流速的关系曲线,分析了转动惯量对该输流管道的稳定特性的影响。计算结果表明,转动一对两端简支的固－液合Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ管道的静力失稳没有影响,但对其频率特性和动力失稳有影响。     

Numerical calculation of equivalent moment of inertia for a fluid in a cylindrical container with partitions

A 3-D numerical code was developed to solve the irrotational flow of an ideal fluid inside a moving cylindrical container with partitions. The problem is formulated in terms of two Poisson equations, the velocity equation and the pressure equation. These are expressed in terms of finite differences and solved by a procedure of line over relaxation. From the fluid pressure we computed the resultant moment on the container which was then expressed in terms of the equivalent moment of inertia. The code was checked against analytical results of Moiseyev and we found an agreement of 2–5 per cent even for a sparse mesh. We then demonstrated the capability of the code by computing the equivalent moment of inertia for various configurations with full and partial partitions.     

A semi-empirical model of two-phase flow of refrigerant-134a through short tube orifices

Measurements were conducted on Refrigerant-134a flowing through short tube orifices with length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios ranging from 5 to 20. Both two-phase and subcooled liquid flow conditions entering the short tube were examined for upstream pressures ranging from 896 to 1448 kPa and for qualities as high as 10% and subcoolings as high as 13.9°C. Data were analyzed as a function of the main operating variables and tube geometry. Semi-empirical models for both single- and two-phase flow at the inlet of the short tubes were developed to predict the mass flow of Refrigerant-134a through short tube orifices.

Choked flow conditions for Refrigerant-134a were typically established when downstream pressures were reduced below the saturation pressure corresponding to the inlet temperature. The flow rate strongly depended on the upstream pressure and upstream subcooling/quality. The mass flow also depended on cross-sectional area and short tube length. The mass flow model utilized a modified orifice equation that formulated the mass flow as a function of normalized operating variables and short tube geometry. For a two-phase flow entering the short tube, the modified orifice equation was corrected using a theoretically derived expression that related the liquid portion of the mass flow under two-phase conditions to a flow that would occur if the flow were a single-phase liquid. It was found that for sharp-edged short tubes with single- and two-phase flow, approximately 95% of the measured data and model's prediction were within ±15% of each other.     

Non-uniform rational B-spline based free vibration analysis of axially functionally graded tapered Timoshenko curved beams

The free vibration of axially functionally graded (FG) tapered Timoshenko curved beams is studied with the numerical approach. By using the non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) basis functions, the exact geometry and the generalized displacement field are formulated. Variable geometric parameters and material properties, including the curvature, cross-sectional area, area moment of inertia, mass density, and Young’s modulus, are expanded as functions of the coordinate in a parametric domain. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the weak formulation is derived by applying a refined constitutive relation which considers the thickness effect. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained from the eigenvalue equation. Circular, elliptic, and parabolic curved beams are considered in numerical examples. The obtained results are in good agreement with those in the existing studies and those calculated by the finite element software ANSYS. Moreover, the effects of the material gradient, taper ratio, slenderness ratio, and heightspan ratio on vibration behaviors are discussed.     

Effect of the magnetic field on the pulsatile flow through a rigid tube

I.IntroductionThefunctionofanaPbliedmagneticfield\onhumanbodieshasbeenknownandservedasakindofthemedicaltreatmentforalongtime.ThemagneticstoneusedasamedicineisrdeordedinShennongMaterlbMedica,'which.isthefirstChinesemedicinebookandwaswrittenin200A.D..ItwasalsorecordedtyancientGreecethatholdingmagneticstQnesinhandsandfeetcouldrelievethepainandspasml'l.However,beinglimitedbythelevelQfproductionandmedicaltreatmentsatthattime,themagnetictreatmentwasmainlyusedforlocallydephlogisticating,relievin…     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STEADY FLOW IN A COMPLIANT TUBE OR CHANNEL WITH TAPERED WALL THICKNESS

Flow through compliant tubes with linear taper in wall thickness is numerically simulated by finite element analysis. Two models are examined: a compliant channel and an axisymmetric tube. For verification of the numerical method, flow through a compliant stenotic vessel is simulated and compared to existing experimental data. Steady two-dimensional flow in a collapsible channel with initial tension is also simulated and the results are compared with numerical solutions from the literature. Computational results for an axisymmetric tube show that as cross-sectional area falls with a reduction in downstream pressure, flow rate increases and reaches a maximum when the speed index (mean velocity divided by wave speed) is near unity at the point of minimum cross-sectional area, indicative of wave-speed flow limitation or “choking” (flow speed equals wave speed) in previous one-dimensional studies. For further reductions in downstream pressure, the flow rate decreases. Cross-sectional narrowing is significant but localized. For the particular wall and fluid properties used in these simulations, the area throat is located near the downstream end when the ratio of downstream-to-upstream wall thickness is 2; as wall taper is increased to 3, the constriction moves to the upstream end of the tube. In the planar two-dimensional channel, area reduction and flow limitation are also observed when outlet pressure is decreased. In contrast to the axisymmetric case, however, the elastic wall in the two-dimensional channel forms a smooth concave surface with the area throat located near the mid-point of the elastic wall. Though flow rate reaches a maximum and then falls, the flow does not appear to be choked.     

广义协调厚薄通用板单元的动力特性分析

推导了板的有限元运动方程,构造了单元刚度矩阵和考虑转动惯量的单元质量矩阵,并采用 子空间迭代法计算了板的前几阶频率,分析了广义协调厚薄通用板单元ATF-PQ4a的动力特 性,并讨论了转动惯量和剪切变形对固有频率的影响. 结果表明：ATF-PQ4a单元计算结果和 理论解及有限元软件ABAQUS的结果比较吻合,说明在动力学范围内ATF-PQ4a单元能做到厚 薄通用,满足工程需要.     

Vortical patterns in turbulent flow downstream a 90° curved pipe at high Womersley numbers

The present experimental work focuses on highly pulsatile, i.e. inertia dominated, turbulent flow downstream a curved pipe and aims at investigating the vortical characteristics of such a flow. The flow parameters (Dean and Womersley number) investigated are of the same order as those met in the internal combustion engine environment. The technique employed is time-resolved stereoscopic particle image velocimetry at different cross-sections downstream the pipe bend. These measurements allow the large-scale structures that are formed to be analyzed by means of proper orthogonal decomposition. The flow field changes drastically during a pulsatile cycle, varying from a uniform flow direction across the pipe section from the inside to the outside of the bend to vortical patterns consisting of two counter-rotating cells. This study characterizes and describes pulsatile curved pipe flow at Womersley numbers much higher than previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, the oscillatory behaviour of the Dean cells for the steady flow – the so-called ‘swirl switching’ – is investigated for different downstream stations from the bend exit and it is shown that this motion does not appear in the immediate vicinity of the bend, but only further downstream.