电解液阴极大气辉光放电原子发射光谱检测水硬度

在自制的电解液阴极大气辉光放电原子发射谱(ELCAD-AES)装置上,研究了钙镁标准溶液的特征发射光谱,定量检测了Mg和Ca的含量,两元素的检出限分别为0.2mg/L和0.8mg/L。通过准确性和加标回收实验,以及与乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐络合滴定(EDTA滴定)法测量结果的比较,证明了ELCAD-AES方法测量水硬度的可靠性。测定了沸腾前后的自来水和地下水,以及湖水中Mg和Ca的含量,获得了这些水样的硬度。所建立的ELCAD-AES方法可用于水体硬度或金属元素的快速在线监测。     

Emission Characteristics of Jet Configurations for Jet-Boosted Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Comparisons of emission characteristics and analytical performance have been made between three types of jet configuration. These include cone-jet configuration, six-jet configuration, and cylinder-jet configuration. The cone-jet configuration shows the highest emission intensity among all jet configurations. Regardless of the jet configuration, the Cu II 224.70 nm emission line was found to be the most dominant of all Cu emission lines. The intensity ratios of the resonance line Cu I 324.75 to a nonresonance line Cu I 282.44 nm was 1.3 for the six-jet configuration, 2.3 for the cylinder jet, and 2.8 for the cone jet. This may indicate that self-absorption was significant in six-jet configuration. The effects of main and auxiliary gas flow rates on the emission characteristics for the cone jet configuration were also investigated. The intensity of Cu I at 324.75 and 327.40 nm decreases about 30% when the gas flow rate increased from 0 to 150 ml/min, while the intensities of Cu II 224.70 nm and the UV–Visible Cu I 510.55-, 515.32-, and 521.82-nm lines increased by a factor of 2 to 3. The decrease in intensity of the resonance line relative to the Cu II and Cu I green lines may be caused by self-absorption. The cone-jet and six-jet configurations show comparable values of precision, linearity, and detection limits, while the cylinder-jet configuration provides the worst analytical performance among three types of jet configurations. The linearity of the calibration curve was the worst in the six-jet configuration due to self-absorption.     

液相辉光放电原子发射光谱法测定溶液中Cd的方法研究

通过改进放电装置,建立了一种新的液相辉光放电原子发射光谱(LGD-AES)测量溶液中Cd元素的方法。探索了放电电压和Cd浓度对放电稳定性、光谱信号强度、测定灵敏度和检出限的影响,并将测试结果与电解液阴极放电-原子发射光谱(ELCAD-AES)的分析结果进行比较。结果表明,当放电电压从600V升至720 V时,电子温度从2 000 K升至3 300 K,电子密度从2.47×10~(16)cm~(-3)降至1.77×10~(16)cm~(-3),Cd的发射光谱强度增强,灵敏度升高,检出限为1.22~2.95 mg/L。LGD-AES技术检测水中金属离子具有放电设备小型、能量消耗低、放电稳定性高、背景光谱干扰小和灵敏度高等优点。     

液体阴极辉光放电原子发射光谱法分析硅酸钇镥中痕量杂质元素

采用液体阴极辉光放电原子发射光谱( Solution-cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry, SCGD-AES)法测定了硅酸钇镥(Lutetium-Yttrium Orthosilicate, LYSO)闪烁晶体材料中痕量元素 Ca,Fe, K, Li, Mg和Na。最佳实验条件是溶液pH为1的HNO3,直流电压为1080 V,溶液流速为2.0 mL/min。本方法对LYSO基体的耐盐量为10 g/L。硅酸钇镥晶体使用HNO3, HF, HClO4溶解后经SCGD-AES分析测定,结果同电感耦合等离子体发射光谱( Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱( Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, ICP-MS)分析结果比对,具有较好的一致性。在运用SCGD-AES对LYSO的测定中,未观察到Lu、Y元素的激发谱线,因此测定LYSO中痕量元素时测定的光谱干扰少,Ca, Fe, K, Li, Mg和Na的检出限分别为：1.0,3.0,0.02,0.01,0.02和1.0 mg/kg。     

Direct Quantification of Major and Trace Elements in Geological Samples by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with a Pulsed Glow Discharge

A method has been developed for the determination of 24 elements (As, B, Ce, Co, Dy, Fe, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Nd, P, Pr, Rb, S, Sb, Si, Sm, Th, Ti, and U) in ore samples by pulsed direct current glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PGD-TOF-MS). Sample treatment consisted of pressing the powdered samples into 10?mm diameter aluminum tablets. Quantification was performed using relative sensitivity factors with iron as the normalization element. PGD-TOFMS has low spectral interferences and low limits of detection and provides the quantification of the wide range of elements with a single method instead of a combination of several techniques. The limits of detection of the designed method were in the range 2–4?×?10^?6 mass %, depending on the element. The designed procedure was validated by the analysis of standard reference materials. The obtained results showed adequate repeatability (6–9% relative standard deviation), demonstrating high efficiency of the glow discharge mass spectrometry for the direct analysis of geological samples. The designed method requires a minimal sample pretreatment and is applicable for the determination of wide range of elements of the periodic table (e.g., metals, nonmetals, and rare earth elements) in a single analytical procedure without sample dissolution with adequate accuracy, sensitivity, and repeatability. The designed approach may replace the complex techniques that are normally required for this task.     

射频供能辉光放电原子发射光谱分析导体的基本特性

自行设计组装了射频供能辉光放电原子发射光谱仪器(rf-GD-AES),并对其分析导体试样的基本特性(包括光源的稳定性、电学特性和光谱特性)进行了研究。在此基础上建立了rf-GD-AES分析导电试样的方法,并用于铜合金标准样品中的A l和Mn的分析,其测定结果与标准值吻合很好,充分地显示了rf-GD-AES在固体样品直接分析中的潜力。     

Analytical Characterization of a Solution Cathode Glow Discharge with an Interference Filter Wheel for Spectral Discrimination

Solution cathode glow discharge–atomic emission spectrometry (SCGD–AES) has attracted increasing attention in recent years in water and environmental analysis. In this article, the traditional spectrometer was replaced by an interference filter wheel for spectral discrimination using SCGD–AES. The aforementioned interference filters selected the spectral lines of Na, K, Ca, Li, Sr, Rb, and Cs. These spectral signals were transferred to weak currents using a photomultiplier tube and amplified by a picoammeter. The solution flow rate, discharge current and slit width were optimized individually. The analytical performance of SCGD coupled with an interference filter wheel was studied for atomic emission (SCGD–IFW–AES). The results show that the limits of detection for Na, K, Ca, Li, Sr, Rb, and Cs were 0.16, 0.36, 107, 0.53, 330, 1.93, and 13.58?µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations of the spectral intensities for the seven elements were 0.58, 0.94, 0.69, 0.70, 0.63, 0.67, and 0.65%, which indicated that the system operated stably. Matrix effect experiments were performed to study the effect of different concentrations of Na on the spectral intensities of K and Ca. Based on these measurements, the concentration of K in physiological saline was determined to be 0.534?mg/L by SCGD–IFW–AES.     

HG-AFS 法测定多金属矿中的痕量锡

研究了酒石酸介质中氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法 ( HG- AFS)测定多金属矿中痕量锡的方法 ,考察了不同酸介质和浓度对氢化物发生效率的影响 ,试验了共存元素的干扰情况。方法的检出限为 1 .4× 1 0 - 10 g/ m L,精密度 ( n=5)为3.71 %～ 5.38%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定电镀污泥浸出液中的重金属

采用硫酸-硝酸溶液浸提电镀污泥中的重金属,建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定电镀污泥浸出液中铜、锌、镍、铬、铅、镉、钡元素的分析方法。研究了仪器的工作条件及影响检测方法的干扰因素和消除。在选定的条件下,线性相关系数均为0.9999,检出限为0.002～0.01 mg/L,加标回收率为93.5%～106.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6)。该方法准确快速,可用于电镀污泥浸出液中多种重金属的含量测定。     

Fluorine Determination in a Hollow Cathode Discharge by Monofluoride Emission Spectra

Abstract

The applicability of the SiF and InF bands to determination of fluorine in a hollow cathode discharge has been studied. The InF bands have been used for the F determination in solid samples containing from 1% to 1x10^?4% F, and in solutions for the F^? concentration between 10 and 1000 mg 1^?1. The lowest detected amount of fluorine in solid sample was 10 ng (1x10^?5%).     

火花放电原子发射光谱法测定镍基合金中12种元素

化学元素的含量及其变化影响镍基合金材料的各项性能.因此准确检测镍基合金化学成分并对其严格控制,对提高和保证镍基合金材料性能具有重要意义.通过对仪器分析条件进行优化,采用控制样品法,建立了用火花放电原子发射光谱法测定镍基合金中Al、C、Cr、Co、Cu、Fe、Nb、P、Si、S、W、Mo等12种元素含量的方法.采用优化的...     

王水溶解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铁矿石中的微量磷

样品经王水分解后,在电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪上测定了样品溶液中磷的含量。通过实验确定了基体元素的干扰、酸度、样品提升量、雾化气流速、功率、观测高度、分析谱线等分析条件。通过铁的干扰实验结果表明,样品中的基体元素铁不影响磷含量的测定。在用Ｐ178.222 nm分析线测定时,方法的检出限为P 0.0006％（相对于0.1ｇ样品,定容至100 mL）,相对标准偏差在3.14%～6.04％（ｎ＝11）,样品加标回收率在92%～110%。方法测定样品中磷含量的结果同光度法测定结果对比数据相符。     

A Study on Determination of Some Trace Nonmetals by Microwave Induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

In general, atomic emission spectrometry (AES) is an excellent technique for determination of metal elements. However, its capability of determining nonmetals has not been developed well. The major reasons are the resonance lines of most nonmetals lie in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region and the ionic lines of these elements are difficult to be used because the ionization potentials of the elements are very high. And furthermore only He plasma can efficiently excit those ionic resonance lines. The practical application of HeICP-AES to determining the nonmetals is also difficult because its operating and perchace costs are very high. In contrast to HeICPAES, the costs of He microwave induced plasma (MIP)-AES are relatively low, HeMIP has a high excitation capability which can excite ionic lines of various nonmetals and the nonmetals can be determined by HeMIP-AES with a high sensitivity.     

Evaluation of Matrix Effects in a Pulsed Electrolyte Cathode Atmospheric Pressure Discharge Source for Atomic Emission

In sample measurements, matrix effects are unavoidable. The matrix effects are one of the main factors affecting the accuracy of the pulsed electrolyte cathode atmospheric pressure discharge detection system. The stability of sodium, potassium, and magnesium, under optimized parameters is measured; the relative standard deviation of spectral intensity is found to be no more than 2%; and the relative standard deviation of background intensity is less than 2%. The matrix effects on the elements potassium, sodium, and magnesium were studied, and the experiments showed that high concentrations of sodium and potassium interfere with each other. A concentration of 200?mg?L^?1 K⁺ affected the sodium signal with an enhancement of more than 120%; and the K⁺ intensity increased 20% in the presence of a high concentration of 200?mL^?1 Na⁺. In high concentrations of sodium or potassium, the elemental signal for magnesium enhancement was approximately 8%. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium were quantitatively determined using a mixed calibration sample. When sodium, potassium, and magnesium are present at low concentrations in solution, there were no obvious matrix effects. The sodium, potassium, and magnesium in the calibration samples are quantitatively determined. The relative error and precision are less than 3%, and the recoveries are less than 105%. The detection limits for sodium, potassium, and magnesium were found to be 2.1, 3.4, and 92.6?µg?L^?1, respectively.     

铜阴极溅射辉光放电在强短脉冲供电时的发射光谱研究

本研究工作以强短脉冲供电和直流供电时辉光放电的伏安特性为基础，详细研究了强短脉冲供电时的电流、脉冲频率、脉冲宽度以及Ａｒ气压力对原子线和离子线强度的影响。实验结果揭示了大电流强短脉冲供电时辉光放电发射光谱的现象。     

On the Kinetic Study of the Electron Velocity Distribution Function in the Cathode Region of a Glow Discharge

The recently developed multi-term approach for solving the space-dependent electron Boltzmann equation is adopted to study, under the extreme field conditions occurring in the cathode region of the dc glow discharge, the energy distribution and all important macroscopic quantities of the electrons. It is shown that even under the difficult conditions in the cathode region an efficient determination of significant components of the electron velocity distribution by the multi-term treatment of the kinetic equation is possible. These significant components can be calculated with remarkable accuracy and with relatively less computational expenditure by a multi-term approach with the inclusion of about ten coefficients of the Legendre polynomial expansion of the velocity distribution. Based on the results for a typical example, main features of the electrons in the cathode region are presented and discussed.     

Discharge on Boiling in a Channel as a New Atomization and Excitation Source for the Flow Determination of Metals by Atomic Emission Spectrometry

A new atomization and excitation source for the spectrochemical analysis of electrolyte solutions was described. This is a discharge on boiling in a channel, which arises in a vapor gap formed in the channel of a dielectric membrane because of Joule heating. Based on the synchronous kinetic measurements of current and light intensities, a qualitative model was proposed for processes occurring in a pulsed discharge on boiling in a channel. The background emission spectrum of the discharge on boiling in a channel was measured. The possibility of exciting lines of alkali and alkaline-earth metals was studied. Calibration graphs for the determination of 0.01–5 mM Na, Mg, and Ca are presented.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定锌锭中的微量元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定锌锭中的Pb、Cd、Fe、Cu、Sn 5种杂质元素的方法。样品用硝酸(1+1)溶解后,在稀硝酸介质中利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪测定其中Pb、Cd、Fe、Cu、Sn的含量,测定的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)小于1.7%,对锌光谱标样BYG0505的测定结果与标准值基本一致。实现了对锌锭中多种杂质元素的简便、快速、准确的同时测定。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定岩矿中锂的含量

采用氢氟酸加高氯酸分解试样,硝酸浸取,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定岩矿中的锂含量。测定范围: ω(Li)：0.10%～10.00%。本文通过不同混合酸溶样效果比较,仪器条件的摸索、共存元素干扰实验等,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定岩矿中锂量的方法,完全能够满足岩矿中锂含量的检验工作。经加标回收实验,锂元素的加标回收率为98%~106%(n=3),经国家有证标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值一致。该方法准确简单,适用于岩矿中的锂测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定岩矿中锂的含量

采用氢氟酸+高氯酸分解试样,硝酸浸取,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定岩矿中的锂含量.锂测定范围0.10％ ～10.0％.通过不同混合酸溶样效果比较,仪器测定条件的优化、干扰元素的影响等实验,建立了一种电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(IC P-A ES)法测定岩矿中锂量的方法,完全能够满足岩矿中锂含量的检验工作.经加标...