1-Aryl-6-azauracile, 4. Mitt.: Die Synthese des 1-Phenyl-5-[5′-methyl-1′,2′,4′-oxdiazolyl-(3′)]-6-azauracils und einiger seiner Derivate

Zusammenfassung Arylhydrazon-cyanacetylcarbamidsäureäthylester (I) wurde durch Einwirkung einer Na₂CO₃-Lösung auf 1-Aryl-5-cyan-6-azauracile (II)^1,2 cyclisiert. Nitrile (II) wurden durch Addition von Hydroxylamin in entsprechende Amidoxime (III) übergeführt, welche durch Kochen mit Acetanhydrid die zugehörigen 1-Aryl-5-[5-methyl-1,2,4-oxdiazolyl(3)]-6-azauracile (IV) lieferten.

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Aryl hydrazone-cyanoacetylcarbamic acid ethyl esters (I) have been cyclized in Na₂CO₃ soln. yielding 1-aryl-5-cyano-6-azauraciles (II)^1,2. Addition of NH₂OH to the nitriles (II) gave the corresponding amidoximes (III), which by refluxing with Ac₂O were converted to the corresponding 1-aryl-5-[5-methyl-1, 2, 4-oxdiazolyl(3)]-6-azauraciles (IV).

     

Transformations of formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde during the hydroformylation of formaldehyde in the presence of rhodium catalysts

Hydroformylation of formaldehyde to give glycolaldehyde (GA) in the presence of RhCl(PPh₃)₃, RhCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂, or the RhCl₃ + PPh₃ system inN,N-dimethylacetamide was studied. The hydroformylation is accompanied by the Cannizzaro-Tishchenko reaction, condensation of CH₂O with GA to give C₃-C₁₆ polyoxyaldehydes (POA), and dimerization of GA. The formation of POA, which probably occurs through coordination of GA with a Rh atom, predominates among the side reactions. The optimum conditions for hydroformylation of CH₂O were found to be: RhCl₃ + PPh₃ as the catalyst,T 383 K, 12MPa, [H₂O] 1.8 mol L^–1, [Rh] 2.5 · 10^–3 g-at. L^–1, and [CH₂O] 0.03 g L^–1. At a substrate conversion of 62–67 %, the selectivity of GA formation reaches 96 %, and the yield is 60–65 %.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–78, January, 1995.     

The effect of outer sphere cations on the thermal stability of nitritocuprates(II)

Thermal analyses by Derivatograph were made for salts of the general formula M ₂ ^I M^II[Cu(NO₂)₆] where M^I=K⁺, Rb⁺ or Cs⁺; and M^II=Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺ or Pb²⁺. From the results and the chemical and diffractometric analysis of sinters of chosen salts, the mechanism of thermal decomposition was established. Some conclusions concerning the effects of outer sphere cations on the thermal stabilities of these salts are also drawn.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurden thermische Analysen mit einem Derivatographen für die Salze der allgemeinen Formel M₂ ^IM^II [Cu(NO₂)₆] durchgeführt [M^I=K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺; M^II=Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺]. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser sowie der chemischen und diffraktometrischen Analysen der Sinterprodukte der jeweiligen Salze wurde der Mechanismus ihrer chemischen Zersetzung ermittelt. Einige Folgerungen bezüglich der Wirkung von Kationen der äusseren Sphäre auf die thermische Stabilität konnten ebenfalls gemacht werden.

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Résumé Le mécanisme de la décomposition thermique des sels de formule générale M₂ ^IM^II [Cu(NO₂)₆] où M^I=K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺ et M^II=Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺ a été établi à partir des données thermiques obtenues à l'aide d'un Derivatograph, ainsi que par des analyses thermiques et diffractométriques sur les produits frittés. L'effet des cations de la couche externe sur la stabilité thermique de ces sels est discuté.

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M ₂ ^I M^II[Cu(NO₂)₆], M^I=K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺; M^II=Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, b²⁺. , , . , .

     

Transfer activity coefficient of the proton in water-pyridine mixtures. A comparison of some extrathermodynamic assumptions

Various water-pyridine mixtures have been selected in order to compare several of the most popular extrathermodynamic assumptions involved in the determination of the transfer activity coefficient of the proton, _t(H⁺). Two techniques have been utilized for this purpose: voltammetry [study of the ferrocene, ferricyanide, or thallium(1) systems] and potentiometry at equilibrium (emf measurements of various galvanic cells, including liquid junctions and hydrogen electrode or silver electrode as a test electrode). The assumptions have been classified into various groups [e.g., _t(Z^p+)=_t(Z^q+) or _t(X^–)=_t(Y⁺)], and the values of _t(H⁺) have been experimentally determined in each case. The results vary depending upon the basic assumption (several pH units); less important differences (e.g., 0.5 pH unit) occur within a given group, and this may be assigned to the nature of the reference species chosen. A simple model of solvation has been also examined; the application of the law of mass action to the corresponding equilibrium provides results close to the _t(X^–) =_t(Y⁺)type of assumptions which ultimately leads to most self-consistent results.     

Migration of the η1:η6-C6H5Cr(CO)3 ligand into the cyclopentadienyl ring during metallation of the η5-C5H5(CO)2Fe η1:η6-C6H5Cr(CO)3 binuclear complex

It was found that the ¹⁶-C₆H₅Cr(CO)₃ ligand migrates into the cyclopentadienyl ring when the ⁵-C₅H₅(CO)₂Fe ¹⁶-C₆H₅Cr(CO)₃ binuclear complex is metallated with BuⁿLi. Under the same conditions, no migration of the phenyl ligand in the ⁵-C₅H₅(CO)₂Fe ¹-C₆H₅ complex was observed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 325–326, February, 1994.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Monomolecular Heterolysis of Commercial Organohalogen Compounds: XXXVI.1 Solvent Effect on the Activation Parameters of Heterolysis of 1-Methyl-1-chlorocyclohexane. Correlation Analysis of Solvation Effects in Heterolysis of 1-Methyl-1-chlorocyclohexane and 1-Methyl-1-chlorocyclopentane

The kinetics of heterolysis of 1-methyl-1-chlorocyclohexane in six protic and eight aprotic solvents at 25-50°C was studied by the verdazyl method; v = k[RCl], E1 mechanism. The correlation analysis of the solvent effects on the activation free energy G , enthalpy H , and entropy S of heterolysis of 1-methyl-1-chlorocyclohexane and 1-methyl-1-chlorocyclopentane was performed for the same sets of solvents.     

Triterpene glycosides ofHedera canariensis. I. Structures of glycosides L-A,L-B1, L-B2, L-C,L-D,L-E1 1, L-G1, L-G2, L-G3, L-G4, L-H1, L-H2, AND L-I1 from the leaves ofHedera canariensis

From the leaves of Algerian ivyHedera canariensis Willd. (fam. Aralaceae) we have isolated 13 triterpene glycosides: the 3-O--L-arabinopyranosides of oleanolic acid (A), of echinocystic acid (B₁), and of hederagenin (B₂); the 3-O-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(2)--L-arabinopyranoside]s of oleanolic acid (C), of echinocystic acid (D), and of hederagenin (E₁); the 3-O--L-rhamnopyranoside] 28-O-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)--gentiobioside of hederagenin (G₁); the 3-O-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)--L-arabinopyranoside] 28-O--gentiobioside of hederagenin (G3); the 3-O-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)--L-arabinopyranoside] 28-O-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(14)--gentiobioside]s of oleanolic acid (G₂), of echinocystic acid (H₁), and of hederagenin (H₂); the 3-O-[O--L-rhanmopyranosyl-(12)--D-glucopyranoside] 28-O-(O--L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(14)--gentiobioside] of hederagenin (H₂); and the 3-O-(O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-O-gentiobiosyl)-O-(14)--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-a-L-arabinopyranoside] of hederagenin (G₄). The structures of the substances isolated have been established on the basis of chemical transformations and¹³C NMR spectroscopy.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 377–383, May–June, 1996. Original article submitted December 3, 1995.     

Fusion entropy and melt viscosity in some aliphatic hydrocarbons. Relation between fusion entropy and parameterb of the Batchinski equation

The fusion entropy, viscosity and molar volume are measured for the following hydrocarbons: C₁₈H₃₈, C₁₉H₄₀, C₂₀H₄₂ and C₂₀H₄₀. A relation betweenS _fus and the parameterb of the Batchinski equation is given for these compounds and for others previously studied. By employing the calorimetric and viscometric data found in the literature for ionic melts, a similar relation is found to hold for molten salts.

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Zusammenfassung Die Schmelzentropie, die ViskositÄt und das Molvolumen wurden für folgende Kohlenwasserstoffe gemessen: C₁₈H₃₈, C₁₉H₄₀, C₂₀H₄₂, C₂₀H₄₀. Eine Korrelation zwischenS_fus und dem Parameterb der Gleichung von Batchinski wird für diese sowie für andere früher untersuchte Verbindungen vorgeschlagen. Durch Verwendung der kalorimetrischen und viskosimetrischen Literaturangaben für geschmolzene ionische Produkte wurde eine analoge Korrelation für geschmolzene Salze vorgeschlagen.

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Résumé L'entropie de fusion, la viscosité et le volume molaire des hydrocarbures C₁₈H₃₈, C₁₉H₄₀, C₂₀H₄₂ et C₂₀H₄₀ ont été mesurés. Une relation entre l'entropie de fusion,H_fus, et le paramètreb de l'équation de Batchinski est proposée pour ces composés et pour d'autres, précédemment étudiés. En utilisant les données calorimétriques et viscosimétriques trouvées dans la littérature pour les produits ioniques fondus, une relation analogue est proposée pour les sels fondus.

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, : C₁₈H₃₈, C₁₉H₄₀ C₂₀H₄₂ C₂₀H₄₀. , , S. b . , , , .

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Thanks are due to the C.N.R. (Rome) for financial aid.     

Kinetics and mechanism of acetylene hydromethylation on organonickel catalysts

Kinetics of methane interaction with acetylene on Ziegler-Natta type organonickel catalysts has been studied. The reaction is first order with respect to methane. The kinetic isotope effect amounts to K_{CH 4}/K_{CD 4}=1.5 and K_{C 2}H₂,CH₄,H₂/K_{C 2}D₂,CD₄,D₂=2.0.

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-. -. K_{CH 4}/K_{CD 4}, K_{C 2}H₂,CH₄,H₂/K_{C 2}D₂,CD₄,D₂ 1,5; 2,0. .

     

Influence of some organic acids on the adsorption of PdX42? complexes on alumina

Results are presented concerning the role of oxalic acid, salicylic acid and glycine as coimpregnation ingredients in preparation of Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts from PdCl ₄ ^2– and PdBr ₄ ^2– solutions.

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, , , Pd/Al₂O₃ PdCl ₄ ^2– PdBr ₄ ^2– .

     

Kinetic dehydroxylation of nontronite,estimated from isothermal and nonisothermal thermogravimetry

Dehydroxylation of an American nontronite (Manito) was followed via records of isothermal and dynamic thermogravimetry. Analysis of the isothermal weight-change curves (673-753 K). was performed with the procedure suggested by Hancock and Sharp. A fourteen-kinetic equation procedure was employed for analysis of the non-isothermal weight change in the range 623–1023 K. (A second-order decomposition equation seems to fit the dehydroxylation better under these conditions). The activation energies associated with the isothermal and nonisothermal processes are 118.8 and 136.8 kJ/mol^–1, respectively.

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Zusammenfassung Anhand isothermer und herkömmlicher Thermogravimetrie wurde die Dehydroxylierung eines amerikanischen Nontronites (Manito) verfolgt. Die isothermen TG-Kurven (673–753 K) wurden mittels der von Hancock und Sharp (1972). Ein kinetisches Vierzehngleichungsverfahren wurde zur Analyse der nichtisothermen TG-Kurven im Bereich 623–1023 K angestellt. Einer Dehydroxylierung unter diesen Bedingungen scheint eine Zersetzungsgleichung zweiter Ordnung besser zu entsprechen. Die Aktivierungsenefgie für die isothermen bzw. nichtisothermen Prozesse beträgt 118,8 bzw. 136,8 kJ/mol.

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(). (673–753 ) . , 623–1023, . . , , 118,8 136,8 /.

     

Hydrogenolysis of n-butane on low-loaded Rh/TiO2. II. Catalysts obtained by impregnation

The activity in n-butane hydrogenolysis of Rh/TiO₂ (0.6 wt. % Rh) catalysts propared by impregnation and reduced at different heating rates is reported. The catalyst reduced at 5 K/min is ten times more active than that reduced at 20 K/min, despite the fact that the dispersion values are similar in both cases.

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Rh/TiO₂ (0,6 . % Rh), qv , -. , 5 /, , 20 /, , .

     

The chemistry of uranium

The thermal decomposition reactions of various hexanitrato uranium(IV) species, M₂U(NO₃)₆ where M=Cs⁺, NEt ₄ ⁺ , AsPh ₄ ⁺ and PPh ₄ ⁺ have been studied.The overall decomposition reaction can be described in terms of an oxidation-reduction reaction in which the nitrate oxidizes the uranium. The enthalpies of decomposition were found to be very similar, approximately 55 kJ mole^–1 except for the PPh ₄ ⁺ -salt which was only 27 kJ mole^–1.The decomposition kinetics of all the compounds were studied and found to be complex — especially during the initial stages of the reaction.

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Zusammenfassung Die thermischen Zersetzungsreaktionen verschiedener Hexanitratouran (IV)-Arten der Formel M₂U(NO₃)₆ (M=Cs⁺, NEt ₄ ⁺ , AsPh ₄ ⁺ und PPh ₄ ⁺ ) wurden untersucht.Die allgemeine Zersetzungsreaktion kann durch eine Oxidations-Reduktionsreaktion beschrieben werden, in der Uran durch Nitrat oxidiert wird. Die Zersetzungsenthalpien erwiesen sich als sehr ähnlich, annähernd 55 kJ. mol^–1 mit Ausnahme des PPh ₄ ⁺ -Salzes, dessen Wert nur 27 kJ. mol^–1 betrug.Die Zersetzungskinetik sämtlicher Verbindungen wurde studiert und für komplex gefunden, besonders in den Anfangsstadien der Reaktion.

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Résumé On a étudié la décomposition thermique des diverses espèces d'hexanitrate d'uranium IV de formule: M₂U(NO₃)₆ (M=Cs⁺, NEt ₄ ⁺ , AsPh ₄ ⁺ et PPh ₄ ⁺ ).La réaction générale de la décomposition peut être décrite par une réaction d'oxydo-réduction, dans laquelle le nitrate oxyde l'uranium. On a trouvé que les enthalpies de décomposition étaient très similaires, environ 55 kJ. mole^–1, à l'exception du se! de PPh ₄ ⁺ dont la valeur n'était que 27 kJ. mole^–1.On a étudié la cinétique de décomposition de tous les composés. Elle est complexe, spécialement pendant les étapes initiales de la réaction.

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oypaa(IV) M₂U(NO₃)₆, M=Cs⁺, Et₄N⁺, Ph₄As⁺ Ph₄P⁺. - , . , 55 .^–1, Ph₄P⁺ — , 27 .^–1. , .

     

Conductance of iron(III) laurate solutions in binary liquid mixtures

Summary The specific conductivity of iron(III) laurate solutions in binary liquid mixtures shows that the soap aggregates into micelles and CMC is found to be independent of temperature and concentration of benzene, acetone and tetrachloromethane in 1-butanol. The variation of molecular conductance,, with soap concentration, C, is expressed by the equation: = 10^AC^B. Both constants A and B vary with solvent composition but B remains constant with increase in temperature. Several parameters such as molecular conductance at infinite dilution, , dissociation constant, K, heat of dissociation, H, entropy, S and free energy, G of dissociation of soap have been evaluated and the effect of the nature of solvents has been discussed.     

Molecular and Supramolecular Structures of a Nickel(II)–Copper(II)–Nickel(II) Trinuclear Complex Containing a New Macrocyclic Oxamido Complex Ligand

The title complex, [Cu(NiL)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂, has been obtained by self-assembly, where [NiL] is a new macrocyclic oxamido complex ligand. In the crystal, a new kind of supramolecular interaction between the carbon atoms of the oxamido group of each [NiL] complex ligand in a [Cu(NiL)₂(H₂O)₂]^{2 +} cation and the oxygen atom of one of the ester carbonyls of another [Cu(NiL)₂(H₂O)₂]^{2 +} cation, and C—HO, O—HO and interactions are observed and link the trinuclear fragments and perchlorate ions to form a 3D supramolecular network.     

Quantum chemical study of the physical characteristics of the hydroxy groups of zeolites, III

The CNDO/2 method was applied to calculate the electronic structure of HY zeolite using cluster models Si₃AlO₁₂H ₈ ^– and Si₃AlO₁₂H₉. It has been shown that the probability of occurrence of H on a particular type of oxygen as well as the other physical characteristics of zeolite depend on both the type of oxygen and the position of the Al atom.

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/2 , Si₃AlO₁₂H₈ Si₃AlO₁₂H₉. , , , Al.

     

Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfoxide by peroxodiphosphate

The kinetics of the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (MPSO) by potassium peroxodiphosphate (PP) in 50% aqueous acetic acid obeys the rate law.-d[PP]_T/dt=k[PP] [MPSO] at constant [H⁺]. The active species in the oxidation has been found to be H₃P₂O ₈ ^– . The kinetic results have been explained by a polar mechanism.

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() () 50%- (./.) -d[]^T/dt=k·[]·[] [H^*]. H₃P₂O ₈ ^– . .

     

ESR studies of T3+ complexes formed in the catalytic system TiCl2(acac)1+Et2AlCl and their interaction with ethylene, carbon monoxide and pyridine

Coordination state of Ti³⁺ions formed in the homogeneous catalytic systems TiCl₂(acac)₂+Et₂AlCl, and its changes upon interaction with ethylene, carbon monoxide and pyridine have been studied by ESR.

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Ti³⁺, TiCl₂(acac)₂=Et₂AlCl, , .

     

Basis extension in the Roothaan method

Quantum-chemical calculations show that in the Roothaan method, even when the Hartree-Fock energy limit is achieved, the basis set extension can significantly influence other molecular characteristics. In this work we study the influence of an additional (orthogonal to an initial basis set) orbital on one-electron levels, total energy, and quantities that are calculated as average values of one-electron operators. We assume that the initial M-dimensional basis is sufficiently good, so that adding orbital does not lead to the redistribution of occupied and virtual levels. Then, each occupied (M+1)-dimensional MO _i is approximately the same as the corresponding M-dimensional MO _i ⁰ and differs from it only by admixture of the other orbitals _k ⁰ and the function . The coefficients of _k ⁰ and in _i are considered to be small parameters, and molecular characteristics of interest are expanded in power series with respect to them. It has been established that a decrease in the total energy during the basis extension corresponds to the quadratic in these parameters terms while quantities calculated as average values of one-electron operators change linearly during the basis extension. A shift of one-electron levels _i during the basis extension is examined. It is shown that the MacDonald rule is satisfied if integrals containing the energy shift operator for electron interaction are small with respect to integrals <F⁰_j ⁰> where F⁰ is the Fock operator in the initial basis. An an illustration, results of calculations for H₂ and HeH₊ molecules in an ellipsoidal basis are given.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Eksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 3–11, January–February, 1986.     

Application of the Arbuzov reaction to establish the structure of D-mannitol tricyclic triethyl triphosphite

Conclusions The previously expressed theory that the tricyclic triethyl triphosphite of D-mannitol is 2-ethoxy-4, 5-bis-(2-ethoxy-1, 3, 2-dioxaphospholan-4-yl)-l,3,2-dioxa-4-phospholane was corroborated on the basis of the differential-thermal analysis and³¹P NMR data.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1390–1395, June, 1972.