铂类抗肿瘤配合物的研究进展

铂类药物是当前一类主要的抗肿瘤药物。本文结合我们的研究工作综述了2000年以来文献报道的新型抗肿瘤铂类配合物的研究进展。按铂原子的价态、配体基团的结构特征、配位原子及中心原子的个数将其分为：含有生物活性基团的铂(Ⅱ)配合物；具有空间位阻的铂(Ⅱ)配合物；以P和S原子作为配位原子的铂(II)配合物；多核铂(Ⅱ)配合物；其他含有小分子配体的铂(Ⅱ)配合物和四价铂类配合物六类，并进行了总结。     

钒酰腙配合物的合成、结构及生物活性

以酰腙为配体钒的单核、双核配合物因其结构丰富、生物活性多样而引起广泛关注。目前该领域新配合物的合成、表征和生物活性的研究甚为活跃。本文回顾了近年来钒酰腙配合物的研究状况,主要从以下三个方面进行综述：(1)钒酰腙配合物的合成方法;(2)此类配合物的配位模式;(3)一些单、双核钒酰腙配合物抗变形虫,抗肿瘤,类胰岛素,抑制Na⁺, K⁺-ATP酶,与DNA作用的生物活性。文中着重阐述了钒酰腙化合物的结构和生物活性之间的关系。此外,还提出了钒酰腙配合物研究领域的不足之处并对其今后发展方向进行了展望。     

异羟肟酸氧钒化合物的合成表征及配位化学性质研究

分别以不同的异羟肟酸为配体，合成了3个氧钒(Ⅳ)配合物，运用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱(^1H NNR，^13C NMR，^51V NMR)、电子顺磁共振和电子吸收光谱等测试手段对配合物进行了表征．分别在不同的羟基醇中以氧钒(Ⅳ)配合物阱BHAOV为基础，合成了2个含烷氧基的五价氧钒(Ⅴ)化合物．在吡啶中合成了含吡啶的六配位氧钒(Ⅳ)配合物阱BHAOV(PY)，Ⅴ占据第6位置S原子，可使其不被氧原子进攻而氧化，要使Ⅴ内层发生氧化，在四价钒上至少有一个空的配位位点是完全必要的．而且还研究了BHAOV在乙腈中的配位反应动力学．     

二聚体有机锡配合物{[n-Bu2SnO2CCH(CS2NEt2)2]2O}2的合成、表征及晶体结构

近年来,有机锡(Ⅳ)的羧酸配合物因其具有很强的生物活性以及丰富的结构类型备受人们的重视．实验证明,它们的生物活性与锡原子的配位形式有关,而中心锡原子的配位形式决定于直接与锡原子相连的烃基的结构和羧酸基配体的类型。     

六脲合硫酸锌的晶体结构

一些金属元素是酶及植物生长激素不可缺少的成分.若将这些金属元素与含氮、含磷的配体配位结合,可构成重要的复合肥料.尿素与锌的配合物就是其中的一种.等研究了一系列高氯酸锌与硫脲(或尿素)配合物的合成、溶解度,溶解的热效应,红外光谱及其在酸性或中性介质中对铜的腐蚀效应.其中锌离子与硫脲是以四面体形配位的.样品经元素分析为Zn[OC(NH_2)_2]_6SO_4·H_2O,其结构尚未见报道.本文讨论了它的晶体结构和特点.     

新型反萃剂N，N-二甲-3-氧杂-戊酰胺酸的结构研究

为了简化TRPO流程，合成了一种新型反萃剂N，N-二甲-3-氧杂-戊酰胺酸(简称DOGA)。利用扩展X射线吸收精细结构谱(EXAFS)、红外吸收谱(IR)、质谱(MS)技术研究了DOGA与Eu(Ⅲ)、Nd(Ⅲ)、La(Ⅲ)的配位物结构，研究结果表明：DOGA与Eu(Ⅲ)、Nd(Ⅲ)能生成分子式为M(DOGA)3的配合物，而只有La(Ⅲ)能生成分子为HM(DOGA)4的配合物，Ln(Ⅲ)的配位数为8，参加配位的都是O原子，对于Eu(Ⅲ)、Nd(Ⅲ)的配合物，第一层配位数是6，配位键长分别为0．240，0．244nm；第二层配位数为2．5，配位键长分别为0．260，0．262nm；对于La(Ⅲ)，其中第一层配位数是6，配位键长为0．258nm，第二层配位数为4．4，配位键长为O．28nm。从红外谱和质谱上可以看出，配合物上均没有水参加配位。     

对苯二甲酸与2，2′-联吡啶构造的配合物结构多样性

在DMF溶剂中合成了[Co(H₂O)₄(2，2′-bipy)](bdc)和[Cu(2，2′-bipy)(bdc)(H₂O)](2H₂O)(DMF)二个配合物并进行了结构解析。配合物[Co(H₂O)₄(2，2′-bipy)](bdc)中，bdc^2-以离子形式未与金属配位，但与配位水分子形成了8个氢键，从而使分子结构扩展为二维双层氢键网络。在配合物[Cu(2     

正方平面顺二羰基(二齿N-配体)铑(Ⅰ)阳离子配合物的XPS研究

用XPS研究了十五个[Rh(CO)_2(che1l]BPh_4系列配合物的结构、配位形式及电荷分布、结果表明,配位时电荷转移的行径为:(1)Rh←CO;(2)Rh←N;(3)[Rh(CO)_2(chel)~+→B.同时,每一配合物铑原子的价电子密度与配体有关。     

2′-(4-氟基苯亚甲基)-3，5-二羟基苯甲酰腙Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、表征、晶体结构及光谱性质

镍是生物中必要的痕量元素,能促进体内铁的吸收、红细胞的增长、氨基酶的合成,镍可能是DNA和RNA的一种结构稳定剂[2].大多数席夫碱化合物具有抗肿瘤、抗菌等生物活性,而腙类化合物因具有优良的生物活性、强配位能力和多样的配位形式,在农药、医药及分析等方面的应用受到广泛的关注[3～9].我们实验室长期以来从事席夫碱及其金属配合物的合成和生物活性研究,我们曾报道过水杨酰腙Schiff碱配体与Cu(Ⅱ)配合的结构和生物活性[10],为了进一步研究镍配合物的配位构型及其性能,本文报道了标题化合物镍的四配位结构.     

红厚壳中两个新呫酮类化合物的结构研究

呫酮类化合物存在于很多藤黄科植物中，并具有多样的生物活性．为了进一步发现其活性成分，本文对藤黄科植物红厚壳根的化学成分进行了研究，从中分离得到11个呫酮类化合物，其中两个为新化合物．经多种光谱方法确定了各化合物的结构，两个新化合物分别命名为红厚壳呫酮C（Calophyllumin C)(1)和红厚壳呫酮M(Caloxanthone)(2)．     

微量元素与中药有效化学成分的配合物的研究进展

综述了国内中药中微量元素与有机成分配合物的研究进展，并指出了微量元素与有机成分配合物的研制是开发特效新药的新途径。     

色谱在药物-机体复杂巨系统研究中的应用进展

色谱是一门以分离分析为主,旨在追求复杂事物纯而净的分析化学的重要分支学科。其经过百余年的发展,理论与技术日臻完善,集科学、技术与艺术于一体。近年来,色谱及其与质谱、核磁共振波谱、原子发射光谱等联用技术极大推动了环境、食品、石油化工、生物医药等领域中所涉及复杂体系的研究进展。作为我国传统文化的核心代表,中医药为中国乃至世界人民的健康服务逾千年,从古至今历经上千年临床考验,疗效经久不衰。近年来,中国政府强调继承与创新,加大推进中医药的现代化与国际化。然而中药自身的多成分协同起效复杂性及其与机体时刻新陈代谢变化的复杂性往往相互作用,由此形成了药物-机体复杂巨系统。该复杂巨系统的分析研究是中医药现代化进程的关键瓶颈。色谱的优势在于复杂成分的分离与分析,此恰能为上述复杂巨系统提供技术支撑,色谱及其联用技术已成为推动中医药分子化、数字化、信息化乃至现代化的主流技术。该文综述了色谱及其联用技术在中药复杂体系、复杂生命过程及药物-机体复杂巨系统中的应用进展,介绍了笔者研究团队对中医药现代化的认识、研究思路和研究工作,最后笔者结合对于百年色谱与千年中医药文化之现代化交织的感悟,对色谱技术在此领域的前景做出了展望。     

中药质量研究的新进展

综述了国内中药质量研究的最新进展．内容包括:(1)微量元素与中药质量的关系研究;(2)有机成分与中药质量的关系研究．     

Synthetic and structural carboxylate chemistry of neurotoxic aluminum in relevance to human diseases

The contact of Al(III) with biological components in human physiology has increased significantly over the years, due to a number of factors, prominent among which stands the rapid acidification of the environment and the concomitant introduction of that abundant metal ion in human biological fluids. As a result, pathophysiological aberrations in humans have arisen due to Al(III) (neuro)toxicity. Among the efforts targeting the elucidation of the factors responsible for Al(III) toxicity is the exploration of the requisite Al(III)-carboxylate chemistry in aqueous media, and its relevance to soluble, potentially bioavailable species capable of exerting toxic effects. A detailed synthetic, structural, and spectroscopic account of the Al(III)-carboxylate complexes, purported to exist as components in aqueous Al(III)-carboxylic acid speciation, is presented. The structures described are classified as mononuclear, dinuclear, trinuclear, tetranuclear, and polynuclear species, arising from various aqueous and non-aqueous Al(III)-carboxylate ligand reactions. Moreover, the solution chemistry and kinetic behavior of the so far reported complexes is given, with the specific aim of comparing their solid state and solution chemical and structural properties. In this sense, a comprehensive picture on the Al(III) speciation, in the presence of various physiological or biologically relevant carboxylate ligands, appears to emerge, which is expected to contribute to the understanding of Al(III) (neuro)toxicity and its consequence(s) in a multitude of human diseases. Carboxylate containing low and high molecular mass components stand prominent in their chemical preference to react with Al(III) in biological fluids. In this context, factors considered to influence the aqueous low molecular mass Al(III)-carboxylate chemistry, thus affecting the solubility and possibly the bioavailability of the resulting species, are discussed as potential research links to the ultimate manifestation of Al(III) toxicity at the cellular level.     

Applications of heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy in biological and medicinal inorganic chemistry

There is a wide range of potential applications of inorganic compounds, and metal coordination complexes in particular, in medicine but progress is hampered by a lack of methods to study their speciation. The biological activity of metal complexes is determined by the metal itself, its oxidation state, the types and number of coordinated ligands and their strength of binding, the geometry of the complex, redox potential and ligand exchange rates. For organic drugs a variety of readily observed spin I = 1/2 nuclei can be used (¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁹F, ³¹P), but only a few metals fall into this category. Most are quadrupolar nuclei giving rise to broad lines with low detection sensitivity (for biological systems). However we show that, in some cases, heteronuclear NMR studies can provide new insights into the biological and medicinal chemistry of a range of elements and these data will stimulate further advances in this area.     

A causal relationship discovery-based approach to identifying active components of herbal medicine

Herbal medicine is widely applied for clinical use in East Asia and other countries. However, unclear correlation between its complex chemical composition and bioactivity prevents its application in the West. In the present study, a stepwise causal adjacent relationship discovery algorithm has been developed to study correlation between composition and bioactivity of herbal medicine and identify active components from the complex mixture. This approach was successfully applied in discovering active constituents from mixed extracts of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and Cortex Moutan. Moreover, advantage of the present approach compared with bioassay-guided isolation was demonstrated by its application on a typical herbal drug. The current work offers a new way to virtually screen active components of herbal medicine, and it might be helpful to accelerate the process of new drug discovery from natural products.     

钒-药物分子配合物生物活性研究进展

无机钒化合物具有降血糖、抗癌、抗炎和抗菌等作用,但生物利用度低,且有一定的毒性,影响了其在药物领域的应用。选择药物分子作为钒的配体,不仅可提高钒化合物的生物利用度,而且可增强或改进药物分子的活性,同时可能降低钒的毒性,从而成为近年来钒化学领域一个新的研究方向。本文主要介绍钒与不同类型药物分子形成配合物的生物活性及相关工作。     

Modulated polarographic and voltammetric techniques in the study of natural water chemistry

Modulated polarographic and voltammetric techniques are of particular importance in natural water chemistry because of their sensitivity not only to very low concentrations of electroactive components but also to their chemical form. Direct polarographic techniques are most useful for the analysis of non-metallic components at low concentrations since metal levels are only rarely high enough for the analysis of untreated samples. Preconcentration by chemical or electrochemical techniques have both been employed. Potentially the most productive field of application of polarographic and voltammetric methods is in determining the chemical speciation of electroactive components in natural waters. Some clarification is required of the chemical and biological significance of operational classifications currently employed. Intermetallic interferences and the influence of surface films on electrode behaviour need to be more thoroughly investigated before analyses or speciation studies on untreated samples can be routinely undertaken. Chemical and electrochemical understanding rather than increased sophistication in the instrumentation is required at this stage if full advantage is to be taken of the capabilities of modulated polarographic and voltammetric methods in natural water chemistry.     

在线二维液相色谱技术在中药研究中的应用进展

中药的组成复杂,其化学成分的表征和识别一直是中药研究的基础和关键。在线二维液相色谱是基于两种分离模式构建的色谱分析技术,主要包括中心切割二维液相色谱和全二维液相色谱两种模式,因二者具有更高的峰容量而在中药研究中备受青睐。该文对在线二维液相色谱技术的概念和特点进行了讨论,并对二维液相色谱在中药研究中的应用进行了综述,以期为该技术在中药质量控制、物质基础表征、活性成分筛选等研究方面提供一定参考。     

Investigation of DGT as a metal speciation tool in artificial human gastrointestinal fluids

This paper reports the results of an investigation on the performance of the diffusive gradient in thin film technique (DGT) as a speciation tool for trace elements (TEs) in artificial human gastrointestinal fluids. The validity of Cd, Pb, and Zn sampling by DGT in digestive fluids was checked. The TE bioaccessibility in highly contaminated soils was determined using the in vitro Unified Barge Method (UBM) test. DGT devices were deployed in the gastrointestinal solutions obtained after carrying out the UBM test. The computer speciation code JESS (Joint Expert Speciation System) was used to predict the metal speciation of Cd, Pb, and Zn. Combining the in vitro test with the DGT technique and JESS provided an approach to the TE species available for transport across the intestinal epithelium. The gastrointestinal absorption of ingested TE ranged from 8 to 30% for Cd, 0.6 to 11% for Pb, and 0.8 to 7% for Zn and was influenced by TE speciation. In this original approach, the DGT technique was found to be simple and reliable in the investigation of TE chemical speciation in digestive fluids. Extrapolation to the in vivo situation should be undertaken very cautiously and requires further investigation.