聚合物-金属纳米复合材料的制备与应用

综述了聚合物-金属纳米复合材料的制备方法，包括原位形成法、沉积法、离子注入法、辐射化学法、光照化学法、直接分散法、球磨法；介绍了聚合物．金属纳米复合材料的应用领域，最后展望了这种材料的发展前景。     

纳米Sn-Co/石墨复合材料的制备、结构和电化学性能

以化学沉积法制备Sn-Co合金纳米粒子/石墨复合材料,XRD和Ram an光谱表征物相结构,SEM观察表面形貌.结果显示,500℃高温热处理的Sn-Co/石墨复合材料,其颗粒密集均匀地分散于石墨载体上.Sn-Co合金纳米粒子颗粒直径100 nm左右.Sn-Co/石墨电极具有较高的比容量和循环寿命,这可能是该合金纳米粒子与棒状石墨间的亲合能有效地阻止Sn的脱落,Sn-Co的颗粒间隙缓冲锂嵌脱过程的结构张力,防止合金的膨胀与粉化.     

石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料在超级电容器电极材料方面的研究进展

从方法学上总结了目前石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料的制备途径,重点介绍了其在能源领域作为超级电容器电极材料的应用,并归纳了其在传感器材料、燃料电池、太阳能电池、电致变色器件及锂离子电池等方面的研究进展.     

湿法改性石墨烯在制备橡胶复合材料中的应用

橡胶由于其高弹性、良好的生物相容性、耐化学腐蚀及长期使用的稳定性等优点,在众多领域已有一百多年的应用历史。一般来说,在生胶硫化之前需要加入增强填料、润滑剂、偶联剂和促进剂等各类添加剂,以达到使用要求的性能。其中增强填料起到提高橡胶强度、提高橡胶耐磨耐热性、延长橡胶使用寿命的作用。相比于炭黑或者二氧化硅这些传统增强填料,新兴纳米材料石墨烯由于其优异的性能,只需极少量便可使橡胶的性能显著增强。然而,石墨烯片层之间的范德华力严重的阻碍了其在高分子机体内的分散,其在橡胶基体的分散性直接决定了石墨烯对于橡胶材料的增强效果。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注通过在溶液中的湿法改性,包括物理或化学的方法来改性石墨烯,促进它与橡胶二者界面的相互作用,提高石墨烯在橡胶基体中的分散效果。本文总结了近几年湿法改性石墨烯在制备石墨烯/橡胶复合材料方面的研究进展。     

气相生长纳米碳纤维与聚合物复合材料的性能研究

气相生长纳米碳纤维/聚合物复合材料是一种性能优良的复合材料。与传统的聚合物导电复合材料相比这种材料表现出优良的电学性能,屏蔽效能与热性能。本文首先对气相生长纳米碳纤维的生产、性能做了总体的介绍,然后对影响气相生长纳米碳纤维/聚合物导电复合材料的电学性能、屏蔽效能以及热学性能的因素做了详细的阐述,特别强调了纳米纤维的分散分布程度、填充浓度和纵横比等方面的影响。本文还对熔融聚合、原位聚合和溶液聚合等加工方法对气相生长纳米碳纤维(VGCNF)/聚合物复合材料最终性能的影响进行了综述,着重介绍了影响气相生长纳米碳纤维/聚合物复合材料电学性能的因素,其中最重要的影响因素是加工方法和加工条件。     

聚氨酯/纳米复合材料的制备方法的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外聚氨酯/纳米复合材料的制备方法,主要介绍了共混法、原位聚合法、插层聚合法、溶胶一凝胶法等几种常用的纳米材料改性聚氨酯的方法;简述了一些纳米材料表面改性的方法;并指出了聚氨酯/纳米复合材料未来的研究方向:纳米颗粒的分散工艺仍需进一步研究和完善;对少见报道的纳米金刚石,纳米SiC等新型超硬纳米材料有待于更...     

膨胀石墨/聚苯胺/Fe_3O_4复合材料的制备及吸波性能

采用原位聚合方法制备了膨胀石墨/聚苯胺(EG/PANI)复合材料,将Fe_3O_4负载于EG/PANI表面,得到具有电磁吸收性能的EG/PANI/Fe_3O_4复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)及矢量网络分析仪(VNA)等对复合材料的形貌、成分和吸波性能进行了研究.吸波性能分析结果表明,当掺杂浓度为0.05 mol/L,匹配厚度d=2 mm时,样品的最小反射损耗(RLmin)在8.64 GHz处达到-37 dB.随着掺杂浓度的增加,最小反射损耗峰向低频移动,对应的匹配厚度逐渐变厚.材料的介电弛豫极化、涡流损耗及λ/4模型的干涉相消现象出现的双峰,使EG/PANI/Fe_3O_4复合材料在电磁波吸收领域有一定的应用前景.     

无机/有机纳米复合材料的研究进展*

分析总结了聚合物基无机纳米复合材料的各种制备方法、性质及其应用, 并对今后的发展作了展望。     

3D amorphous carbon and graphene co-modified LiFePO4 composite derived from polyol process as electrode for high power lithium-ion batteries

Amorphous carbon and graphene co-modified LiFePO_4 nanocomposite has been synthesized via a facile polyol process in connection with a following thermal treatment.Various characterization techniques,including XRD.Mossbauer spectra,Raman spectra,SEM,TEM,BET,O_2-TPO,galvano charge-discharge,CV and EIS were applied to investigate the phase composition,carbon content,morphological structure and electrochemical performance of the synthesized samples.The effect of introducing way of carbon sources on the properties and performance of LiFePO_4/C/graphene composite was paid special attention.Under optimized synthetic conditions,highly crystalized olivine-type LiFePO_4was successfully obtained with electron conductive Fe_2P and FeP as the main impurity phases.SEM and TEM analyses demonstrated the graphene sheets were randomly distributed inside the sample to create an open structured LiFePO_4 with respect to graphene,while the glucosederived carbon mainly coated over LiFeP04 particles which effectively connected the graphene sheets and LiFePO_4 particles to result in a more efficient charge transfer process.As a result,favorable electrochemical performance was achieved.The performance of the amorphous carbon-graphene co-modified LiFePO_4 was further progressively improved upon cycling in the first 200 cycles to reach a reversible specificcapacity as high as 97 mAh·g~(-1) at 10 C rate.     

刺激响应性聚合物微球的制备、性能及应用

作为典型的软物质材料,聚合物微球因其独特的微尺度、扩散性、渗透性及可修饰性而广泛应用于催化、药物传输、生物传感、微反应器、化学分离以及涂层材料等领域。为满足苛刻应用环境对微球的性能要求,相继出现了各类环境响应性聚合物微球。针对近年来刺激响应性微球的研究进展,本文综述了聚合物响应性微球的制备策略及形貌,以及对温度、pH、磁场、离子强度、光和CO₂敏感的响应性聚合物微球体系;并讨论了不同类型刺激响应微球的响应机理及应用,分析了其存在的不足,展望了其应用前景和发展方向。     

Preparation and properties of a POSS-containing organic-inorganic hybrid crosslinked polymer

A novel POSS-containing organic-inorganic hybrid crosslinked polymer was prepared by hydrosilylation reaction of octahydridosilsesquioxane (T8H8) with 4,4'-bis(4-allyloxybenzoyloxy)phenyl (diene A). Its structure and property was character-ized by FTIR, 29Si NMR, TGA and ellipsometer, respectively. The results show that the hybrid polymer possesses high thermal stability and low dielectric constant of 1.97 at optical frequencies.     

丙烯酰胺类均聚物的制备及其在采油中的应用

采用单电子转移活性自由基聚合法制备了新型丙烯酰胺类均聚物,其结构经¹H NMR和FT-IR表征。对聚合条件进行了优化,并对均聚物的热稳定性和乳化性能进行研究,结果表明最优聚合条件为：水为溶剂,催化剂用量为3 mg,于25 ℃反应2 h。使用温度低于70 ℃,聚丙烯酰胺类均聚物的浓度为4 g·L^-1时,对原油的乳化性能最佳。     

Structure and Properties of β-Polypropylene Reinforced by Polypropylene Fiber and Polyamide Fiber

Matrix/fiber composites of β-form isotactic polypropylene(iPP) matrix and α-iPP or PA6 fibers were prepared by laminating technique under different preparation temperatures. The mechanical properties and interfacial morphologies of these composites were studied by tensile test, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The experimental results show that the tensile yield load and tensile modulus of β-iPP/PA6 matrix/fiber systems increased significantly at the expense of elongation at break. These mechanical properties show essentially no dependence on the sample preparation temperature. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of iPP matrix/fiber single polymer composites depend strongly on the sample preparation temperature. At low sample preparation temperature, e.g., 172 ℃, the solid α-iPP fiber induces α-iPP crystallization, leading to the formation of α-iPP transcrystalline layer around the fiber. This results in a remarkable increment of the tensile yield load and tensile modulus. The elongation at break is also much better than that of the iPP/PA6 matrix/fiber system. It reflects a better interfacial adhesion of the single polymer composite compared with the iPP/PA6 composite. At higher sample preparation temperature, e.g., 174 ℃ or 176 ℃, the partial surface melting of the oriented fiber allows interdiffusion of iPP molecular chains in the molten fiber and matrix melt. The penetration of matrix chains into the molten iPP fiber results in some iPP molecular chains being included partially in the recrystallized fiber and the induced β-transcrystalline layers. This kind of configuration leads to an improvement of interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix, which causes a simultaneous increase of the tensile yield load, tensile modulus and elongation at break of β-iPP.     

聚合物－皮革复合材料的研究Ⅱ．丙烯酸酯类聚合物改性铬鞣猪皮的性能研究

采用ＩＲ、酸水解及氮含量测定等方法，研究并发现改性猪皮中聚合物与皮胶原的结合以聚合物扩散渗入原纤维的微细结构区域的形式为主。考察了聚合改性对改性猪皮性能的影响。结果表明，当沉积聚合物（Ｄ）≤４０％时，其收缩温度（Ｔｓ）较铬鞣猪皮仅下降１～３℃。吸水率和酸膨胀率均随Ｄ的增加而呈线性下降；当Ｄ＝２０％时，吸水率的线性变化呈现一拐点，斜率变大；酸膨胀率变化的拐点则出现在Ｄ＝１０％左右。Ｄ＝５０％时，对ＥＡ、ＥＡ－ＢＭＡ和ＢＭＡ三个改性体系，增厚率分别约为２１、２８和３４％；本文所述的聚合改性法对不同部位的皮块具有一定的选择性增厚作用，有利于厚度部位差的下降。     

Preparation of polyimide/BaTiO3/Ag nanocomposite films via in situ technique and study of their dielectric behavior

Triphase polyimide nanocomposite films were fabricated using barium titanate （BaTiO3） with high dielectric constant and silver （Ag） with high conductivity as fillers. In situ method was utilized to obtain the homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles. The in situ polymerization of polyimide precursor-poly（amic acid） was performed in the presence of BaTiO3 particles. Silver compound 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentadionato silver（I） was added into the BaTiO3 containing poly（amic acid） solution to achieve silver nanoparticles via in situ self metallization technique. The thermally induced reduction converted silver （I） to metallic silver with concomitant imidization of poly（amic acid） to polyimide. Both BaTiO3 and silver nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the polyimide substrate. The dependence of dielectric behavior on the BaTiO3 and Ag contents was studied. The incorporation of small amount of silver nanoparticles greatly increased dielectric constant of composite films.     

超级电容器用石墨烯/金属氧化物复合材料

超级电容器是一种具有高功率密度和长循环寿命的新型储能装置,碳材料、金属氧化物和导电聚合物是常见的三种超级电容器电极材料。在石墨烯/金属氧化物复合材料中,石墨烯和金属氧化物可以发挥各自的优点,结合石墨烯优异的循环稳定性能和金属氧化物的高容量特性,纳米复合材料的综合性能可以得到很大地提升。因此,石墨烯/金属氧化物复合物的研究是超级电容器领域的热点研究方向之一。本文以金属氧化物的种类、石墨烯的结构和复合物的制备方法为线索,综述了国内外应用于超级电容器方面的石墨烯/金属氧化物复合材料的研究进展,归纳总结出与石墨烯复合最优的金属氧化物类型和制备方法,并进一步对该类复合材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

关于撤销“还原石墨烯-CuInS2复合材料的制备及光伏性能”一文的声明

正现就"还原石墨烯-CuInS2复合材料的制备及光伏性能"一文(高等学校化学学报,2014年,第35卷,第3期,第461~465页;作者:李涛,夏友付),作者声明如下:一、本文实验技术和数据不是作者本人的研究成果,属于他人课题组的有关专利技术和未公开发表的实验结果。在该课题组不知情的情况下,作者获取了这些实验技术和有关实验数据,并擅自公开发表。我们的行为给该课题组造成了严重损失,在此向该课题组真诚道歉!     

有机凹凸棒粘土的制备及复合高吸水性树脂的性能

有机凹凸棒粘土的制备及复合高吸水性树脂的性能;凹凸棒粘土;有机改性;高吸水性树脂     

Flexible Aluminum Nanobowls for Alternative Preparation of Individual or a Small Number of Nanoparticles

The nanoscale aluminum bowls were derived from the porous alumina and were used as the flexible nanoscale reactors for the preparation of nanoparticles.Both single source precursor and preprepared nanoparticles were induced in the nanobowls by melting the precursor/polymer films spin-coated on aluminum nanobowis for the formation of nanostructural composites in the nanobowls.We have prepared a single nanoparticle or just a small number of metal(e.g.Pt) nanoparticles or semiconductor nanoparticles(e.g.CdSe or CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanostructures) in the nanobowls.