竹红菌甲素光敏氧化吲哚类化合物的研究 I: 关于色氨酸光敏氧化机制的初步探讨

本文利用吸收光谱、荧光光谱和闪光光解研究了竹红菌甲素和色氨酸的相互作用.通过猝灭实验、氘代效应和溶剂效应探讨了竹红菌甲素敏化的色氨酸光氧化机制, 证明该反应是以单重态氧过程为主, 并辅以电子转移的机制. 另外, 考察了反应条件对反应的影响, 发现底物浓度、溶解氧浓度、溶剂的性质和溶液的PH值均对反应有很大的影响.     

竹红菌甲素光敏氧化反应机制

本文报道了在竹红菌甲素的光敏氧化反应中, 原初反应产生了^1O2、O2和H2O2,在一些还原性底物(5-羟基色氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸等)的存在下, 体系中形成的O2量大大增加。证明了体系中的^1O2是通过三重态的竹红菌甲素和基态氧进行能量传递形成的, O2是体系中的竹红菌甲素负离子自由基和基态氧进行单电子转移的结果, H2O2是体系中存在的竹红菌甲素二价负离子还原基态氧的产物。在一些底物存在下, 次级反应产生了.OH。我们也发现竹红菌甲素具有弱的抽氢能力而生成一些有机自由基, 这些有机自由基的形成促进了各种活泼态氧的相互转化, 因此我们认为竹红甲素的光敏氧化是各种活泼态氧和一些有机自由基综合反应的结果。     

荧光黄素敏化胆固醇的单重态氧反应

本文合成了无长链的荧光黄素, 在不同溶剂中研究了荧光黄素敏化胆固醇的光氧化反应, 实验观察到, 荧光黄素敏化胆固醇在乙腈, 吡啶和苯中光氧化, 形成胆固醇的5或7位过氧化氢和胆甾烯酮, 这些胆固醇氢过氧化基可用三苯基膦将其还原成相应的醇:6-胆甾烯-3β, 5α-二醇, 5-胆甾醇-3β, 7α-二醇, 5-胆甾烯-3β-醇-7酮.     

1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯的氰基蒽敏化光氧化反应

某些不能与单线态氧(~1O_2)起反应的烯烃、炔烃、硫醚和环氧化合物,在以氰基蒽为敏化剂的条件下,可发生经由光敏电子转移机理的氧化反应.近年来,Santamaria 等,Foote 等和我们都在研究这类反应.本文报道以9,10-二氰基蒽(DCA)为敏化剂、反,反-1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯为反应物的电子转移光敏氧化反应,并讨论了反应机理.     

Hydroxylation of aromatic amines with dioxygen in photooxidation sensitized by substituted phthalocyanines

Photooxidation of aniline and its methyl and chloro derivatives with dioxygen sensitized by substituted zinc (PcZn) and palladium (PcPd) phthalocyanines in solution and on the carrier surface upon visible light irradiation affords selectively the corresponding p-aminophenols. Active and the most stable PcPd derivative adsorbed on Amberlite XAD 7HP provides conversion of 2,6-dimethylaniline with selectivity over 90% without the loss of sensitizer activity at least in 8 repeated cycles, the overall turnover number of the sensitizer being greater than 25,000.     

光氧化反应的研究 V: 氰基蒽敏化苊烯的电子转移光氧化反应

对于容易发生单线态氧(^1O2)反应的稠环烯烃能否在氰基蒽敏化下发生电子转移光氧化研究甚少. 作者曾报道了氰基蒽敏化的9-本甲叉芴的ET光氧化过程. 本文首次探讨了非交替稠环烃, 苊烯(AN), 在9,10-二氰蒽(DCA)或9-氰基蒽(CNA)敏化下的光氧化反应及其机理.     

Electrochemical dissolution of gold in acidic medium

Polycrystalline gold dissolves at high potentials in acidic medium even without the presence of complexing agents. In the present work the dissolution of gold is quantitatively studied by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) directly connected to an electrochemical scanning flow cell (SFC). It is shown that the onset of gold dissolution coincides with the onset of the formation of 2D surface oxide (ca. + 1.3 V_RHE). An increase in the upper potential limit (UPL) during potential cycling or an increase in the holding potential during potential steps leads to an enhancement in the amount of dissolved gold. Moreover, a change in the dominating mechanism for gold dissolution with increasing potential is found in transient experiments. At lower potentials, gold is dissolved mostly during the gold oxide reduction, while at higher potentials anodic dissolution is the dominating process. Finally, the possible application of gold for stabilization of PtAu-based fuel cell catalysts is discussed.     

Complexation of copper(I) by thiourea in acidic aqueous solution

The interaction of copper(II) and copper(I) with thiourea(Tu) has been investigated by UV and visible spectrophotometry. Over the range of concentrations of copper(I) and Tu(0.1–20)×10^–3 mol-dm^–3 in acid aqueous solutions there are two complexes, CuTu₂ ⁺ (log ₂=11.1) and the other has the ratio Cu/Tu=1/1 with the likely composition Cu₂Tu₂ ²⁺ with log ₂₂=18.5. By the determination of copper(0) solubility in acid thiourea solution and potentiometric measurements it was shown that the potential of the copper electrode is that of a non-equilibrium (corrosive) electrode.     

NKC-9大孔强酸性树脂富集硫脲金

酸性硫脲溶液浸金是近年来湿法冶金的一个研究热点[1],主要集中在金的浸出过程。而对于浸出液中硫脲金的富集与分离,已通过电解法、还原法、炭吸附和溶剂萃取等[2 4]方法进行了研究,但存在问题很多,如电解法要求金浓度比较高,炭吸附中炭易破碎,溶剂萃取法的萃取量低等。离子交换法富集分离硫脲金是一种非常有前途的方法[5 6]。我们研究了以功能基为 SO3H的NKC 9大孔强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂为吸附剂,以有机和无机混合溶剂为洗脱液,对硫脲金的吸附与洗脱进行了系统的研究,得到了有意义的研究成果。1　实验部分1 1　仪器与试剂WF…     

钴-二氮菲一硫脲体系的极谱催化波

In 8*10^-^7M phenanthroline-0.02M thiourea medium (ethanolamine buffer, pH =8.3), by using Na2SO3 to remove dissolved oxygen, cobalt ion can produce a sensitive catalytic wave with a peak shape on dc polarography. Ep=1.62V (vs. S.C.E.), detection limit is 1 X 10^-^1^0M. There is a linear dependence of peak height on cobalt concentration over a range of 2 X 10^-^1^0 - 4 X 10^-^8 M. Common ions which are not more than 1000-fold of Co^2^+ do not interfere the determination of cobalt, except Ni^2^+ and As^3^+ which are permitted to only 125 and 300-fold respectively. Good results are obtained in determining traces of cobalt in various samples by this method.     

A possible mechanism of the photooxidation of water sensitized by chlorophyll adsorbed at the interface

A four-electron mechanism is proposed for the photooxidation of water in a system of two immiscible liquids containing chlorophyll a, a water-soluble electron acceptor, a hydrophobic proton acceptor, and a buffer for maintaining optimal proton concentration. A hydrated chlorophyll oligomer, which is adsorbed at the interface and closely packed so that the electron clouds of porphyrin rings overlap, becomes excited upon illumination; an oxidized form of the pigment and a reduced form of the electron acceptor are formed. In the reaction centre, water is coordinatively bound to the magnesium of one of the chlorophyll molecules, by means of hydrogen bonds to a carboxyl group of another chlorophyll molecule and to a proton acceptor (the pentachlorophenyl anion) required in a model system for the protection of chlorophyll against pheophytinization. The oxidized chlorophyll oligomer, consisting of two hydrated dimers or a tetramer, can be responsible for the dark stage: the four-electron oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. Experimental data in favour of this mechanism are presented.     

Recyclization of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives in acidic medium

The recyclization of 1,4-dihydropyridines in aqueous-alcoholic hydrochloric acid medium proceeds with cleavage of a C-N bond and pyridine ring opening. Cyclohexenone derivatives are formed as a result of the subsequent intramolecular crotonic condensation of the acyclic intermediate. The leaving carbonyl substituents depart simultaneously with recyclization, depending on the acidity of the reaction medium. Dedicated to Prof. Dr. E. Lukevics on the occasion of his 70th birthday. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 49–58, January, 2007.     

Experimental study of sensitized photooxidation reaction of compounds with anthracene structure in poly(methyl methacrylate)

Sensitized photooxidation of a series of compounds with an anthracene structure in a block poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) containing a tetrapyrrole pigment (TPP) or anthraquinone dyes as spectral sensitizers, was studied. The values of changes in the molar refraction at equal to 441 and 633 nm were determined experimentally. They satisfactorily agreed with the theoretical values calculated from dispersional relationships. The initial quantum yields of the photooxidation (⁰ox) of the anthracene compounds were measured both in solution and in PMMA blocks. The lack of correlation between the ⁰ox values in the solid polymers and in the liquid solution indicates the dominating role of the polymeric matrix in determining the effectiveness of photooxidation process taking place. In the selection of the optimal polymerization conditions for the synthesis of the polymeric blocks, the values of ⁰ox of certain anthracene compounds can be up to 1. In the series of the anthraquinone dyes used, 1,4-dihydroxy and 2-aminoanthraquinones, whose ⁰ox reaches the values of 0.2–0.25 have the highest sensitizing ability.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 235–240, March–April, 1986.     

A kinetic study of the reduction of toluidine blue with thiourea in acidic solution

A detailed kinetic study of the reaction of toluidine blue (tolonium chloride) (TB⁺ Cl^?) with thiourea (TU) in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is reported. The reaction was first order with respect to toluidine blue and the reductant and second order with respect to [H⁺]. Thiourea had a 2:1 stoichiometric ratio with TB⁺. Toluidine blue was reduced to a colorless base in two one-electron reduction steps and TU was oxidized to thioformamidinium ion, which dimerized rapidly to give stable dithioformamidinium ion. The energy parameters obtained for TB⁺-TU reaction were mean energy of activation (Ea′) = 26.7 ± 2.4 kJ M^?1; enthalpy of activation (ΔH^#) = 24.2 kJ M^?1; frequency factor (A) = 1.04 × 10⁴ M^?3 s^?1; and entropy of activation (ΔS^#) = ?176.35 J M^?1 s^?1. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Kinetics of radical formation and decay in photooxidation of 4-halophenols sensitized by 4-carboxybenzophenone in aqueous solutions

Kinetics of formation and recombination of radicals formed by quenching of the triplet state of 4-carboxybenzophenone (CB) with para-substituted phenol derivatives RC₆H₄OH (R = OMe, H, Cl, Br, I) in aqueous solutions was studied by nanosecond laser photolysis. At pH ≥ 5.4, quenching proceeds with high rate constants ((1–3)⋅10⁹ L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹) through electron transfer to form the radical anion CB^⋅− and radical cation RC₆H₄OH^⋅+. The latter is transformed into the phenoxyl radical within ≤10 ns. At pH ≤ 8, the CB^⋅− radical anion is protonated in a phosphate buffer with the rate constant increasing from 4⋅10⁶ to 15⋅10⁶ s⁻¹ with a decrease in the pH from 8 to 5.4. The yield of radicals decreases from 100 to 13% as the atomic weight of halogen in the RC₆H₄OH molecule increases due to an increase in the probability of recombination of the primary triplet radical pair in the solvent cage and partial intersystem crossing in an encounter complex (³CB, RC₆H₄OH). The effect of heavy atom is also observed in the kinetics of volume recombination of the radicals, the magnitude of effect corresponds to the acceleration of the primary recombination of the triplet radical pair. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1397–1402, June, 2005.     

Oxidation of 2-amino-4-methylphenol in acidic medium

The oxidation of 2-amino-4-methylphenol 1 , by ferricyanide, in acetic acid yields benzoquinonimine 2 , phenoxazinonimine 3 and 4 , triphenodioxazines 5 and phenoxazinone 6 . The reaction mechanism seems to start with an electrophilic substitution of the quinonimine, from 1 , on the electron rich 1 , rather than with a nucleophilic attack of 1 on the arising quinonimine.