拉曼效应对低双折射光纤的偏振态演化分析

在准连续情况下, 通过求解低双折射光纤中含有拉曼效应的右旋与左旋圆偏振光所满足的耦合非线性薛定谔方程, 得到了归一化功率以及相位差的解析解. 利用解析解,推导出了椭圆率和方位角的表达式, 研究了拉曼效应和传输距离对偏振态演化的影响, 并用相平面法对椭圆率和方位角随着输入功率的变化进行了直观描述. 结果表明: 低双折射光纤在传输的过程中, 拉曼效应和传输距离都是影响其偏振态稳定性的因素, 均改变了椭圆率和方位角的演变周期以及振荡幅度.     

Features of magneto-optical resonances in an elliptically polarized traveling light wave

The parameters of nonlinear absorption magneto-optical resonances in the Hanle configuration have been studied as functions of the ellipticity of a traveling light wave. It has been found that these parameters (amplitude, width, and amplitude-to-width ratio) depend strongly on the polarization of the light wave. In particular, the resonance amplitude can increase by more than an order of magnitude when the polarization changes from linear to optimal elliptic. It has been shown that this effect is associated with the Doppler frequency shift for atoms in a gas. The theoretical results have been corroborated in experiments in Rb vapor.     

Polarization phenomena in the optical properties of porous silicon

We examine the polarization memory effect for porous Si excited by linearly polarized light. The various observations for the red-luminescing, slow band are discussed in the general framework of particle shape asymmetry. We show that because of the intrinsically nonlinear luminescence response, measurement parameters influence the polarization response. The preparation of porous Si with photoassisted etching is found to control the polarization retention parameter ρ. Using linearly polarized light during etching produces in-plane asymmetries. We find a substantial ρ-anisotropy linked to crystal symmetry planes and axes as a consequence of anisotropic etching. The effects are discussed with reference to current models of the light emission mechanism.     

Investigation of ellipticity and pump power in a passively mode-locked fiber laser using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique

An elliptical initial polarization state is essential for generating mode-locked pulses using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. In this work, the relationship between the ellipticity ranges capable of maintaining mode-locked operation against different pump power levels is investigated. An increasing pump power, in conjunction with minor adjustments to the polarization controller's quarter waveplate, results in a wider ellipticity range that can accommodate mode-locked operation. Other parameters such as noise, pulsewidth, and average output power are also observed to vary as the ellipticity changes.     

Propagating beam analysis of fiber wavelength filters with a depressed-index section

A wavelength filter consisting of single-mode and few-mode fibers is investigated numerically. A simple finite-difference beam-propagation method, in which a transparent boundary condition can be imposed, is developed for circularly symmetric waveguides. After confirming the validity of the numerical method by the mode-mismatch loss, we calculate the propagating field in the fiber wavelength filter, in which interference between LP₀₁, and LP₀₂ modes occurs. To improve the filtering operation, a depressed-index fiber is employed for the few-mode fiber. The effects of the radius and refractive index of the depressed section on the transmission power are revealed and discussed. Power is suppressed to less than 0.1% at 1.3 μm, while maintaining power transmission of more than 85% at 1.55 μm. It is also found that the filtering operation shifts to higher wavelengths as the input power is increased when we choose a self-focusing nonlinear material in the depressed section.     

基于折线形手征负折射介质结构的设计与仿真

分别设计和仿真了一种新型的工作在微波段和光波段的折线形手征介质结构.利用仿真得到的透射系数和反射系数反演计算了该结构的旋光角、椭偏度、相对介电常数、相对磁导率、手征参数以及折射率等参数.结果表明该结构在这两种波段下都显示出极大的旋光角和椭偏度,且因具有大的手征参数,而不再需要介电常数和磁导率同时为负就可实现左旋圆极化波(LCP)和右旋圆极化波(RCP)的负折射率. 关键词： 手征介质 旋光角 椭偏度 负折射率     

Metamaterial polarization converter analysis: limits of performance

In this paper, we analyze the theoretical limits of a metamaterial-based converter with orthogonal linear eigenpolarizations that allow linear-to-elliptical polarization transformation with any desired ellipticity and ellipse orientation. We employ the transmission line approach providing a needed level of the design generalization. Our analysis reveals that the maximal conversion efficiency for transmission through a single metamaterial layer is 50 %, while the realistic reflection configuration can give the conversion efficiency up to 90 %. We show that a double layer transmission converter and a single layer with a ground plane can have 100 % polarization conversion efficiency. We tested our conclusions numerically reaching the designated limits of efficiency using a simple metamaterial design. Our general analysis provides useful guidelines for the metamaterial polarization converter design for virtually any frequency range of the electromagnetic waves.     

Self-induced nonlinear polarization change of femtosecond laser pulse propagation in an optically isotropic glass

The self-induced polarization change of femtosecond laser pulses passing through an isotropic optical glass is investigated. It is shown that supercontinuum generations from femtosecond lasers tend to be identical for the incident beam with different polarizations ranging from a large-ellipticity to a linear state when the incident laser power increases. Theoretical analysis reveals that a transient intensity-dependent birefringence is induced in the glass sample by the laser pulse itself, and the accumulated nonlinear phase shift leads to a change in polarization ellipticity. Simulation results are consistent with the experimental observations. PACS 42.50.Md; 42.65.Jx; 42.81.Gs; 77.22.Ej     

Polarization properties of thick anisotropic diffraction holograms recorded with infrared-polymerizable media

The polarization properties of thick anisotropic holographic gratings are studied theoretically and experimentally. The dependences of the diffraction efficiency, ellipticity, and polarization orientation of the diffraction beam on the azimuth angle of polarization of an incident Bragg beam are derived. The experimental data are shown to agree well with the analytical calculations. It is found that the diffraction characteristics can be controlled in a wide range of incident polarization.     

Manipulating Nonlinear Photocurrent from Interlayer Coupling in Bilayer Metamaterials for Polarized Terahertz Generation

Polarized terahertz (THz) wave generation is of great significance for chiral and anisotropic sensing applications. However, how to manipulate amplitude, polarization, and ellipticity of the THz generation is still a fundamental challenge. Herein, polarized THz wave generation is achieved from a bilayer metamaterial consisting of T-shaped structure (TSS) and split resonator rings (SRRs) by combining Maxwell and hydrodynamic equations. The elliptically polarized THz wave can be synthetized directly from horizontally and vertically polarized THz components due to the orthogonal nonlinear photocurrents along the arm-directions of TSS and SRRs, respectively. Besides, the ellipticity and the orientation angle of the THz polarization ellipse can be modulated by the twist angle between the SRRs and TSS layers. The maximum ellipticity can reach 0.34 while the orientation angle is tunable from −0.45 to 0.48π by tuning the twist angle. This work proposes an interlayer coupling method for the polarized THz sources based on metamaterials in potential circular dichroism and chiral sensing applications.     

椭圆空气孔微结构光纤限制损耗的分析

以完美匹配层为边界条件,用复有限元法分析了椭圆空气孔三角形微结构光纤中基模的限制损耗.数值结果表明: 当孔间距,空气填充率和空气孔环数增大时,基模的限制损耗减小.从计算结果还可以得出:限制损耗与基模的偏振有关,随着孔间距,空气填充率和孔的椭圆率的增大,y偏振模与x偏振模的限制损耗比也增大.最后,提出了两种可实现光单偏振,单模传输的高非线性微结构光纤. 关键词： 微结构光纤 限制损耗 复有限元法 完美匹配层     

Strong polarization in the optical transmission through elliptical nanohole arrays

Strong polarization dependence is observed in the optical transmission through nanohole arrays in metals. It is shown that the degree of polarization is determined by the ellipticity and orientation of the holes; the polarization axis lies perpendicular to the broad edge of the ellipse. Furthermore, the depolarization ratio shows a squared dependence on the aspect ratio of the holes, which is discussed in terms of coupling into and out of the surface plasmon modes. The observed results will be useful for tailoring the polarization behavior of metallic nanophotonic elements in many applications, including surface plasmon enhanced optical sensing and ultrafast optical switching.     

Nonlinear polarization effects and mitigation in polarization-division-multiplexed coherent transmission systems

Using numerical simulations, the nonlinear transmission performance of polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift-keying （PDM-QPSK） coherent systems is studied. It is found that inter-channel cross-polarization modulation （XPolM） induced nonlinear polarization scattering can significantly degrade the transmission performance of PDM-QPSK coherent systems and change the perspective of dispersion management in optical coherent transmission systems. Some techniques to mitigate nonlinear polarization scattering in dispersion-managed PDM coherent transmission systems are discussed, including the use of time-interleaved return-to-zero （RZ） PDM formats, the use of periodic-group-delay PGD dispersion compensators, and the judicious addition of some polarization-mode-dispersion （PMD） in the transmission link. It is shown that if nonlinear polarization scattering can be well mitigated, a polarization multiplexed optical coherent transmission system with dispersion management could perform better than that without it.     

Measurement of Hartmann-Hahn cross-polarization dynamics with quenching of proton T1ρ relaxation dependence

A simple modification of the standard cross-polarization method designed for quenching the proton T_1ρ dependence when studying polarization transfer is presented. It is demonstrated that by using this simple procedure, new and subtle details of cross-polarization dynamics, previously hidden by the T_1ρ(¹H) effect, can be observed in dipolar-coupled spin systems.     

拉曼效应对低双折射光纤偏振特性的影响

在低双折射光纤中,利用线偏振光满足的包含拉曼效应的非线性耦合模传输方程,通过引入斯托克斯参量,导出了斯托克斯参量所满足的耦合模传输方程.利用庞加莱球图示法,描述了拉曼增益效应作用下光波偏振态的演化,研究分析了拉曼效应对低双折射光纤中光波偏振态演化规律的影响.结果表明,当输入功率与运动常量满足一定关系时,拉曼增益效应改变了光波传输时其偏振态演化周期和偏振态的椭圆率.     

Modulation and suppression of weak Cotton-Mouton effect by Faraday rotation

Polarization of electromagnetic waves in magnetized plasma is studied in conditions, when Cotton-Mouton effect is weak enough as compared with Faraday one. Evolution of polarization state is described by new mathematical approach, namely, by angular variables technique (AVT) which describes evolution of the angular parameters of polarization ellipse in magnetized plasma. The method of consequent approximations is applied, which uses the ratio (Ω _⊥/Ω ₃) of Cotton-Mouton and Faraday terms, as a small parameter of a problem and allows obtaining simple analytical expressions for azimuthal and ellipticity angles in frame of the first and second approximations. The phenomenon of ellipticity modulation and suppression by Faraday rotation is revealed, which consists in ellipticity decreasing for stronger Faraday rotation, what makes polarization closer to linear one. Numerical illustration of the phenomenon are presented. It is shown that account of the second-order terms of the method of consequent approximation provides an accuracy better than 1% even in conditions, when small parameter Ω _⊥/Ω ₃ achieves the value 1/4.     

Matrix Riccati equation formulation for radiative transfer in a plane-parallel geometry

In this paper, we formulate the radiative transfer problem as an initial value problem via a pair of nonlinear matrix differential equations (matrix Riccati equations or MREs) which describe the reflection (R) and transmission (T) matrices of the specific intensities in a plane-parallel geometry. One first computes R and T matrices of some small but finite layer thickness (equivalent optical thickness τ∼0.01 and then repetitively applies the doubling method to the reflection and transmission matrices R(τ)and T(τ) until reaching the desired layer thickness. The initial matrices R(τ₀)and T(τ₀) can be computed quite accurately by either of the following methods: multiple-order, multiple-scattering approximation, iterative method or fourth-order Runge-Kutta techniques. In addition, the reflection coefficient matrix of a semi-infinite medium satisfies an algebraic matrix equation which can be solved repetitively by a matrix method. MREs offer an alternative way of solving plane-parallel radiative transport problems. This method requires only elementary matrix operations (addition, multiplication and inversion). For vector and/or beam-wave radiative transfer problems, large matrices are required to describe the physics adequately, and the MRE method provides a significant reduction in computer memory and computation time.     

Polarization and amplitude optical multistability in a nonlinear ring cavity

The stimulation of a ring cavity filled with an isotropic medium with third order nonlinearity by plane monochromatic arbitrary polarized light is studied. An evolution of the stationary transmission with the change of the polarization of the incident light from circular to linear is discussed. For the linear polarized incident light additional branches of high transmission corresponding to elliptically polarized transmitted light and degenerating with respect to the rotation of the polarization vector are found. The stability of the stationary solutions is discussed. The possibility of the transmitted light polarization and intensity control by changing the polarization ellipticity degree of the incident light is shown.     

Experimental study of the resonance radiation group delay in degenerate systems

The dependence of the polarization-and intensity-modulation group delay on the polarization of electromagnetic wave was studied experimentally for different transitions between the hfs components of the ⁸⁷Rb D₁ absorption line. It was found that the polarization-modulation delay strongly depends on the degeneracy structure of resonant transition and, in the general case, on the ellipticity of light-wave polarization. It is demonstrated that the polarization-modulation delay does not occur for the transitions not involving dark states. The polarization delay was studied as a function of the polarization ellipticity angle. The intensity-modulation delay was measured for the resonance radiation to show that it is observed for all ⁸⁷Rb D₁-line transitions and is independent of polarization.     

A phase-shift analysis of elastic pion-deuteron scattering

Recent data on differential and total cross sections in the region 82 < T_π (MeV) < 292 from SIN and CERN and an isolated polarization measurement formed the material for a πd phase-shift analysis. For virtually all cases χ² < 1 could be reached, but extracted phase parameters are not unique. We emphasize the strong constraints polarization data would exert on presently ambiguous phase parameters. We present our results in Argand plots and briefly discuss their behaviour.