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1.
We prove that any -additive family of sets in an absolutely Souslin metric space has a -discrete refinement provided every partial selector set for is -discrete. As a corollary we obtain that every mapping of a metric space onto an absolutely Souslin metric space, which maps -sets to -sets and has complete fibers, admits a section of the first class. The invariance of Borel and Souslin sets under mappings with complete fibers, which preserves -sets, is shown as an application of the previous result.
2.
Hiroshi Fujita Dmitri Shakhmatov 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(3):953-961
Recall that a topological group is: (a) -compact if where each is compact, and (b) compactly generated if is algebraically generated by some compact subset of . Compactly generated groups are -compact, but the converse is not true: every countable non-finitely generated discrete group (for example, the group of rational numbers or the free (Abelian) group with a countable infinite set of generators) is a counterexample. We prove that a metric group is compactly generated if and only if is -compact and for every open subgroup of there exists a finite set such that algebraically generates . As a corollary, we obtain that a -compact metric group is compactly generated provided that one of the following conditions holds: (i) has no proper open subgroups, (ii) is dense in some connected group (in particular, if is connected itself), (iii) is totally bounded (= subgroup of a compact group). Our second major result states that a countable metric group is compactly generated if and only if it can be generated by a sequence converging to its identity element (eventually constant sequences are not excluded here). Therefore, a countable metric group can be generated by a (possibly eventually constant) sequence converging to its identity element in each of the cases (i), (ii) and (iii) above. Examples demonstrating that various conditions cannot be omitted or relaxed are constructed. In particular, we exhibit a countable totally bounded group which is not compactly generated.
3.
Etienne Desquith 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(7):2109-2119
Given a Banach algebra , R. Larsen defined, in his book ``An introduction to the theory of multipliers", a Banach algebra by means of a multiplier on , and essentially used it in the case of a commutative semisimple Banach algebra to prove a result on multiplications which preserve regular maximal ideals. Here, we consider the analogue Banach algebra induced by a bounded double centralizer of a Banach algebra . Then, our main concern is devoted to the relationships between , , and the algebras of bounded double centralizers and of and , respectively. By removing the assumption of semisimplicity, we generalize some results proven by Larsen.
4.
K. A. Hardie H. J. Marcum N. Oda 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(3):941-951
We initiate a study of -topology. This is a modification of ordinary topology in which morphisms exist after smashing with a fixed space . Several classical topics are considered in this setting, inter alia Whitehead products, Hopf invariants and the -- sequence. The main emphasis is on detection of non-trivial elements in the -homotopy groups of spheres.
5.
Masaharu Kusuda 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(10):3075-3081
Let be a -algebra and let be a full (right) Hilbert -module. It is shown that if the spectrum of is discrete, then every closed --submodule of is complemented in , and conversely that if is a -space and if every closed --submodule of is complemented in , then is discrete.
6.
Fernando Szechtman 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(12):3657-3664
We refer to an automorphism of a group as -inner if given any subset of with cardinality less than , there exists an inner automorphism of agreeing with on . Hence is 2-inner if it sends every element of to a conjugate. New examples are given of outer -inner automorphisms of finite groups for all natural numbers .
7.
Surjit Singh Khurana 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(10):3251-3255
For a compact Hausdorff space and a Montel Hausdorff locally convex space , let being the uniform topology. We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for an equicontinuous to be -compact. Special results are obtained when is an -space or a -Stonian space.
8.
Rü diger Gö bel Warren May 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(10):2987-2992
Under the assumptions of MA and CH, it is proved that if is a field of prime characteristic and is an -separable abelian -group of cardinality , then an isomorphism of the group algebras and implies an isomorphism of and .
9.
Vadim Kostrykin Konstantin A. Makarov Alexander K. Motovilov 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(11):3469-3476
We discuss the problem of perturbation of spectral subspaces for linear self-adjoint operators on a separable Hilbert space. Let and be bounded self-adjoint operators. Assume that the spectrum of consists of two disjoint parts and such that 0$">. We show that the norm of the difference of the spectral projections
for and is less than one whenever either (i) or (ii) and certain assumptions on the mutual disposition of the sets and are satisfied.
for and is less than one whenever either (i) or (ii) and certain assumptions on the mutual disposition of the sets and are satisfied.
10.
Yuming Liu 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(9):2657-2662
In this paper, we assume that algebras are finite dimensional algebras with 1 over a fixed field and modules over an algebra are finitely generated left unitary modules. Let and be two algebras (where is a splitting field for and ) with no semisimple summands. If two bimodules and induce a stable equivalence of Morita type between and , and if maps any simple -module to a simple -module, then is a Morita equivalence. This conclusion generalizes Linckelmann's result for selfinjective algebras. Our proof here is based on the construction of almost split sequences.
11.
Seungsu Hwang 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(10):3221-3230
On a compact -dimensional manifold , a critical point of the total scalar curvature functional, restricted to the space of metrics with constant scalar curvature of volume 1, satisfies the critical point equation (CPE), given by . It has been conjectured that a solution of the CPE is Einstein. Restricting our considerations to and assuming that there exist at least two distinct solutions of the CPE throughout the paper, we first prove that, if the second homology of vanishes, then is diffeomorphic to (Theorem 2). Secondly, we prove that the same conclusion holds if we have a lower Ricci curvature bound or the connectedness of a certain surface of (Theorem 3). Finally, we also prove that, if two connected surfaces of are disjoint, is isometric to a standard -sphere (Theorem 4).
12.
13.
M. Mahdavi-Hezavehi J.-P. Tignol 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(12):3673-3676
Let be a division algebra of prime degree . A set of criteria is given for cyclicity of in terms of subgroups of the multiplicative group of . It is essentially shown that is cyclic if and only if contains a nonabelian metabelian subgroup.
14.
Let be a space of homogeneous type, and be the generator of a semigroup with Gaussian kernel bounds on . We define the Hardy spaces of for a range of , by means of area integral function associated with the Poisson semigroup of , which is proved to coincide with the usual atomic Hardy spaces on spaces of homogeneous type.
15.
Stephen J. Gardiner Mary Hanley 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(3):773-779
Let denote a relatively closed subset of the unit ball of . The purpose of this paper is to characterize those sets which have the following property: any harmonic function on which satisfies on (where 0$">) can be locally uniformly approximated on by a sequence of harmonic polynomials which satisfy the same inequality on . This answers a question posed by Stray, who had earlier solved the corresponding problem for holomorphic functions on the unit disc.
16.
Gabriel Navarro 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(10):3019-3020
If is a finite group and is a prime number, let be the number of Sylow -subgroups of . If is a subgroup of a -solvable group , we prove that divides .
17.
Christopher Allday Bernhard Hanke Volker Puppe 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(10):3275-3283
Let , or more generally be a finite -group, where is an odd prime. If acts on a space whose cohomology ring fulfills Poincaré duality (with appropriate coefficients ), we prove a mod congruence between the total Betti number of and a number which depends only on the -module structure of . This improves the well known mod congruences that hold for actions on general spaces.
18.
For orders and conjugacy in finite group theory, Lagrange's Theorem and the class equation have universal application. Here, the class equation (extended to monoids via standard group action by conjugation) is applied to factorizable submonoids of the symmetric inverse monoid. In particular, if is a monoid induced by a subgroup of the symmetric group , then the center (all elements of that commute with every element of ) is if and only if is transitive. In the case where is both transitive and of order either or (for prime), formulas are provided for the order of as well as the number and sizes of its conjugacy classes.
19.
Andrea Iannuzzi 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(12):3839-3843
Let act by biholomorphisms on a taut manifold . We show that can be regarded as a -invariant domain in a complex manifold on which the universal complexification of acts. If is also Stein, an analogous result holds for actions of a larger class of real Lie groups containing, e.g., abelian and certain nilpotent ones. In this case the question of Steinness of is discussed.
20.
Donatella Danielli Nicola Garofalo Duy-Minh Nhieu 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(11):3487-3498
Let be a group of Heisenberg type with homogeneous dimension . For every we construct a non-divergence form operator and a non-trivial solution to the Dirichlet problem: in , on . This non-uniqueness result shows the impossibility of controlling the maximum of with an norm of when . Another consequence is the impossiblity of an Alexandrov-Bakelman type estimate such as
where is the dimension of the horizontal layer of the Lie algebra and is the symmetrized horizontal Hessian of .
where is the dimension of the horizontal layer of the Lie algebra and is the symmetrized horizontal Hessian of .