Possible triggering of solar activity to big earthquakes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ms</Emphasis>≥8) in faults with near west-east strike in China

This paper studies the relationship between solar activity and big earthquakes (Ms≥8) that occurred in China and western Mongolia. It is discovered that the occurrence dates of most of the big earthquakes in and near faults with west-east strike are close to the maximum years of sunspot numbers, whereas dates of some big earthquakes which are not in such faults are not close to the maximum years. We consider that it is possibly because of the appearance of many magnetic storms in the maximum years of solar activity. The magnetic storms result in anomalies of geomagnetic field and then produce eddy current in the faults gestating earthquake with near west-east strike. Perhaps the gestated big earthquakes occur easily since the eddy current heats the rocks in the faults and therefore decreases the shear resistant intensity and the static friction limit of the rocks.     

Correlation of band electronic structure with efficiency in perovskite solar cells with vanadium (Ⅳ) oxide thin film buffers

Perovskite solar cells have been studied extensively in the area of perovskite solar cells because they have a comparatively free hysteresis. Through fabrication of a perovskite solar cell based on a vanadium oxide buffer, this study clarified the mechanism of electron and hole transport in the laminated layer upon irradiation with light. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Vanadium (Ⅳ) oxide (VO₂) sputtering process device was approximately 13% and with the spin-coating process was 8.5%. To investigate the physicochemical origin of such PCE differences depending on the process type, comprehensive band alignment and band structure analyses of the actual cell stacks were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth measurements. Accordingly, it was found that the inconsistent valence band offset between the perovskite absorption layer and V₂O₅ layer as a function of the VO₂ process type caused a difference in the hole transport, resulting in the difference in the efficiency.     

New empirical formula for(γ, n) reaction cross section near GDR peak for elements with Z ≥ 60

A new empirical formula has been developed that describes the(7,n) nuclear reaction cross sections for isotopes with Z ≥ 60.The results were supported by calculations using TALYS-1.6 and EMPIRE-3.2.2 nuclear modular codes.The energy region for incident photon energy has been selected near the giant dipole resonance(GDR) peak energy.The evaluated empirical data were compared with available data in the experimental data library EXFOR.The data produced using TALYS-1.6 and EMPIRE-3.2.2 are in good agreement with experimental data.We have tested and presented the reproducibility of the present new empirical formula.We observe the reproducibility of the new empirical formula near the GDR peak energy is in good agreement with the experimental data and shows a remarkable dependency on key nuclei properties:the neutron,proton and atomic number of the nuclei.The behavior of nuclei near the GDR peak energy and the dependency of the GDR peak on the isotopic nature are predicted.An effort has been made to explain the deformation of the GDR peak in(γ,n) nuclear reaction cross sections for some isotopes,which could not be reproduced with TALYS-1.6 and EMPIRE-3.2.2.The evaluated data have been presented for the isotopes ~(180)W,~(183)W,~(202)Pb,~(203)Pb,~(204)Pb,~(205)Pb,~(231)Pa,~(232)U,~(237)U and ~(239)Pu,for which there are no previous measurements.     

Key resonant states in the8Li(α,n)11B reaction in the inhomogeneous big bang models

The resonant states in the key reaction⁸Li(,n)¹¹B for the inhomogeneous Big Bang Models were studied experimentally through the⁹Be(,p)¹²B reaction at 64 MeV. This reaction is found to excite all the resonances of interest in¹²B. The most crucial resonant state at 10.572 MeV in¹²B (0.572 MeV above the threshold) was found to have _tot20±10 keV and J=(1^–), suggesting that the S-factor of the (,n) process should be larger than that obtained before.     

Photoluminescent properties of di(8-hydroxyquinolato) zinc impregnated in nanoporous glass

Photoluminescent properties of a metal-organic complex, di(8-hydroxyquinolato) zinc, impregnated in nanoporous glass were investigated. In comparison with those in the normal organic fluorescent material, the emission band of the impregnated organic phosphor became wider. Blueshift (14 nm) was observed due to π*→n emission transition. The excitation band of the embedded organic phosphor had a larger blueshift and was divided into several sub-bands. The intensity in the short wavelength end of the embedded organic fluorescent material became much stronger.     

A europium(III) organic ternary complex applied in fabrication of?near UV-based white light-emitting diodes

A β-diketone, 2-acetylfluorene-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione (HAFTFBD), and its three europium(III) complexes, Eu(AFTFBD)₃⋅2H₂O, Eu(AFTFBD)₃(TPPO)₂ and Eu(AFTFBD)₃phen, were designed and synthesized, where TPPO was triphenylphosphine oxide and phen was 1,10-phenanthroline. The complexes were characterized by IR, UV-visible, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the Eu(III) complexes exhibit a high thermal stability,and wide and strong excitation bands when monitored at 613 nm. Excited by ∼395 nm near UV light, the complexes emitted strong and characteristic red light due to f–f transitions of the central Eu³⁺ ion, and no emission from the ligands was found. The photoluminescence mechanism of the europium(III) complexes was investigated and proposed as a ligand-sensitized luminescence process. Among the three europium(III) complexes, Eu(AFTFBD)₃phen exhibits the highest thermal stability and the most excellent photoluminescence properties. A bright red light-emitting diode was fabricated by coating the Eu(AFTFBD)₃phen complex onto an ∼395 nm-emitting InGaN chip, and the LED showed appropriate CIE chromaticity coordinates (x=0.66, y=0.33). A white LED with CIE chromaticity coordinates (x=0.32, y=0.32) was prepared with Eu(AFTFBD)₃phen as red phosphor, indicating that Eu(AFTFBD)₃phen can be applied as a red component for fabrication of near ultraviolet-based white light-emitting diodes.     

Evolution of incommensurate superstructure and electronic structure with Pb substitution in(Bi_(2-x)Pb_x)Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ) superconductors

High-quality Bi_(2-x)Pb_xSr_2 CaCu_2O_(8+δ)(Bi2212) single crystals have been successfully grown by the traveling solvent floating zone technique with a wide range of Pb substitution(x = 0–0.8).The samples are characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM) and measured by high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) with different photon energies.A systematic evolution of the electronic structure and superstructure with Pb substitution has been revealed for the first time.The superstructure shows a significant change with Pb substitution and the incommensurate modulation vector(Q) decreases with increasing Pb substitution.In the meantime, the superstructure intensity from ARPES measurements also decreases dramatically with increasing Pb concentration.The superstructure in Bi2212 can be effectively suppressed by Pb substitution and it nearly disappears with a Pb substitution of x = 0.8.We also find that the superstructure bands in ARPES measurements depend sensitively on the photon energy of lasers used;they can become even stronger than the main band when using a laser photon energy of 10.897 eV.These results provide important information on the origin of the incommensurate superstructure and its control and suppression in bismuth-based high temperature superconductors.     

Analytic subject index of acoustical papers in China(Appeared in other periodical than Acta Acustica all in Chinese)

O.General;1.Physical acoustics;2.Underwater sound;3.Mechanical vibration and shock;4.Noise andnoise control;5.Ultrasonics;6.Speech acoustics and speech communication;7.Physiological acoustics;8.Ar-chitectural acoustics;9.Electroacoustics;10.Acoustical measurement and instrumentation;11.Atmosphericacoustics;12.Geoacoustics;13.Bioaoustics;14.Musical acoustical;15.Signal processing.     

Analytic subject index of acoustical papers in China (Appeared in other periodical than Acta Acustica all in Chinese)

Some trends in foreign NDT,Ma Minggang,Non Destructive Testing,11(1989 ),No.2,41.Ultrasonic thickness gauge and its tendency,Zhang Qingxi,Non destructive Testing,11 (1989 ),No.7,187.Analysis of acoustical Properties of listening rooms,Zhu Feng.Audio Engineering,1989,No.1,6Exploration on popularization and application of AM stereo technique in the field of medium-wave broadcasting inChina,Zhang dumin,Audio Engineering,1989,No.3,33.On the development of mode experiment and its analysis(3),Zhang Lingmi,Journal of Vibration and shock,8 (1989),No.1,52.A review of ship vibration research in China(1 ),Guo rixiu,Suo Zhiqiang,Journal of Vibration and shock,8 (1989 ),No.161.     

Structure of dislocations and stacking faults in the complex intermetallic ξ′-(Al–Pd–Mn) phase

We present the results of an electron microscopy study of defects in plastically deformed single crystals of the intermetallic ξ^′-(Al–Pd–Mn) phase. Pure edge dislocations with two different Burgers vector directions and four different Burgers vector magnitudes were found. All Burgers vector magnitudes observed can be described in terms of irrational fractions of the unit-cell parameters, and we have observed Burgers vector directions that can be indexed using irrational indices. The stacking faults observed have displacement vectors whose magnitudes and directions are incompatible with the unit cell of the ξ^′ phase. A comparison of the Burgers vectors observed in this study with those reported for the corresponding icosahedral quasicrystal shows that they are equivalent with respect to their directions and lengths. This leads to the conclusion that local order rather than long-range periodic (or quasiperiodic) order governs the structure of defects in these materials.     

Anisotropic diffusion in media with absorbing traps (application to the Keller–Dykhne theorem)

Anisotropic diffusion in multidimensional media with absorbing traps is investigated. It is shown that the diffusion asymptotic forms of the survival probability over long time intervals are determined by a new effective diffusion coefficient. Exact expressions derived for the effective diffusion coefficient generalize the well-known Dykhne–Keller 2D results to the 3D case. In other words, the dynamic diffusion approach is used for obtaining a generalization of the Dykhne–Keller theorem to the 3D case.     

Spectrophotometric Studies of the Reaction of Zinc(II) with Some Azo‐Triazol Compounds and Its Application to the Spectrophotometric Determination of Microamounts of Zinc(II)

Abstract

A new, simple, and sensitive quantitative spectrophotometric method for the rapid determination of zinc(II) using six azo compounds based on 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole, namely {3‐(2,4‐dihydroxy‐1‐phenylazo)‐1,2,4‐triazole) (I), 3‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐1‐phenylazo)‐1,2,4‐triazole) (II), 3‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐acetyl‐1‐phenylazo)‐1,2,4‐triazole) (III), 3‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐ethylcarboxylate‐1‐phenylazo)‐1,2,4‐triazole) (IV), 3‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐formyl‐1‐phenylazo)‐1,2,4‐triazole) (V), and 3‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐bromo‐1‐phenylazo)‐1,2,4‐triazole) (VI), has been developed for use in aqueous media containing 40% (v/v) methanol. Linear calibration graphs are obtained up to 2.6, 5.9, 5.2, 5.2, 8.2 and 9.0 µg mL^?1 using ligands I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, respectively. Absorption maxima, molar absorptivities, and Sandell's sensitivities of 1:2 (M:L) complexes were found to be 490, 530, 505, 520, 550, and 510 nm, 4.86×10⁴, 2.10×10⁴, 1.26×10⁴, 0.10×10⁴, 0.19×10⁴, and 0.29×10⁴ L mol^?1 cm^?1, and 0.0014, 0.0031, 0.0052, 0.0662, 0.0348, and 0.0225 µg cm^?1 for ligands I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, respectively. Using the masking agents, the color reactions are free from interference by more than 30 ions investigated. The method has been applied to the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of zinc in pharmaceutical formulations and human hair samples. A study of some zinc solid complexes showed that chelation takes place through one nitrogen atom of the azo group and proton displacement from the hydroxyl group.     

Insensitivity of the superconducting gap to variations in the critical temperature of Zn-substituted Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+δ) superconductors

The phase diagram of the superconducting high-T(c) cuprates is governed by two energy scales: T*, the temperature below which a gap is opened in the excitation spectrum, and T(c), the superconducting transition temperature. The way these two energy scales are reflected in the low-temperature energy gap is being intensively debated. Using Zn substitution and carefully controlled annealing we prepared a set of samples having the same T* but different T(c)'s, and measured their gap using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We show that T(c) is not related to the gap shape or size, but it controls the size of the coherence peak at the gap edge.     

Maximum mass of anisotropic charged strange quark stars in a higher dimensional approach (D ≥ 4)

In this article, a new class of solutions of Einstein-Maxwell field equations of relativistic strange quark stars obtained in dimensions \begin{document}$D\geq4$\end{document}, is shown. We assume that the geometry of space-time is pseudo-spheroid, embedded in Euclidean space of \begin{document}$(D-1)$\end{document} dimensions. The MIT bag model equation of state \begin{document}$(henceforth~EoS)$\end{document} is employed to study the relevant properties of strange quark stars. For the causal and non-negative nature of the square of the radial sound velocity \begin{document}$({v_{r}}^{2})$\end{document}, we observe that some restrictions exist on the reduced radius \begin{document}$(\frac{b}{R})$\end{document}, where R is a parameter related to the curvature of the space-time, and b is the radius of the star. The spheroidal parameter λ used here defines the metric potential of the \begin{document}$g_{rr}$\end{document} component, which is pseudo-spheroidal in nature. We note that the pressure anisotropy and charge have some effects on λ. The maximum mass for a given surface density (\begin{document}$\rho_s$\end{document}) or bag constant \begin{document}$(B)$\end{document} assumes a maximum value in dimension \begin{document}$D=5$\end{document}and decreases for other values of D. The generalized Buchdahl limit for a higher dimensional charged star is also obeyed in this model. We observe that in this model, we can predict the mass of a strange quark star using a suitable value of the electric charge (Q) and bag constant (B). Energy and stability conditions are also satisfied in this model. Stability is also studied considering the dependence of the Lagrangian perturbation of radial pressure (\begin{document}$\Delta p_r$\end{document}) on the frequency of normal modes of oscillations. The tidal Love number and tidal de-formability are also evaluated.     

Correlation of structure parameters of absorber layer with efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se<Subscript>2</Subscript> solar cell

Polycrystalline Cu(In, Ga)Se₂ with Ga-content x=Ga/(In+Ga) ranging from 0.0 (CuInSe₂) to 1.0 (CuGaSe₂) in heterojunction thin film solar cells were grown by multi-source evaporation. Solar cells with a highest efficiency of η=15.3% need a composition of x≈0.2. At this composition, the c/a ratio of the lattice constants for the tetragonal lattice equals c/a=2, indicating ideal tetragonality. These results suggest that low electronic defect densities occur at x≈0.2, due to the smallest possible crystallographic distortion of the tetragonal lattice at this composition. Cells with high efficiencies require grain sizes above 145 nm and a high preferred orientation (P₂₀₄/P₂₂₀ pole density ratio) for the grains.     

The Application of Infrared Spectra to Structural Problems in Copper(II) Complexes of 2,2′-Bipyridine

The infrared spectra of the complexes [Cu(bipy)₃] (C10₄)^2′ [Cu(bipy)₂] (C10₄)₂, [Cu(bipy)₂I]I, [cu(bipy)₂I] C10₄ and [Cu(bipy)(C10₄)₂] (bipy - 2,2′-bipyridine) are discussed in relation to their known or probable structures. Evidence for tetragonal distortion of [Cu(bipy)₃]₂₊ but not [Cu(phen)₃]₂₊ (phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline) is adduced.     

Extrapolation of theS(E) factor in7Be(p, γ0)8B: the7Li(p, γ0)8Be case

The observed M1 capture amplitude in⁷Li(p,_o)⁸Be At E_p=80–0 keV originates predominantly from the low-energy tail of a resonance at 441 keV, thue removing a recent criticism on the extrapolation of S(E) data such as for⁷Be(p,)⁸B.     

The S(E) factor of7Li(p, γ)8Be and consequences for S(E) extrapolation in7Be(p, γ0)8B

Excitation functions and forward-backward anisotropies have been measured for the⁷Li(p, )⁸Be capture reaction over the proton energy rangeE _p =100 to 1500 keV, using a 4 summing crystal and Ge(Li) detectors, respectively. The data show at all energies the presence of El and M1 capture amplitudes arising from the direct capture (DC) process and theE _R =441 and 1030 keV resonances, respectively. Due to the observed DC process, the present data increase significantly the reaction rates (up to a factor of 110) compared to values given in the compilation. The data and their analyses remove the recent criticism on DC model calculations, which had implied a significant reduction in the extrapolated S(E) factor for⁷Be(p,)B and thus in the predicted flux of high-energy solar neutrinos; thus, the solar neutrino problem is still with us.Supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ro429/21-3 and Ro429/21-4) and the German-Hungarian Collaboration (X238.6 and OTKA3808)