在线固相萃取–高效液相色谱法测定水中硝基苯与5种硝基氯苯类化合物

建立了在线固相萃取–高效液相色谱(SPE–HPLC)法测定水中硝基苯与5种硝基氯苯类化合物的方法。水质样品采集后,先经过微孔滤膜过滤去除不溶物,而后经在线SPE装置自动富集处理,进入高效液相色谱仪进行检测。采用Acclaim极性嵌入式固定相RSLC柱(33 mm×3 mm,3 μm)为SPE柱,以超纯水–乙腈在SPE装置中富集、萃取样品,富集量为2 500μL,Acclaim 120 C₁₈反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)为分析柱,以磷酸二氢钾溶液–乙腈作为流动相二段梯度洗脱,流量为1.0 mL/min,SPE柱与分析柱柱温均为30 ℃,紫外检测器波长220 nm,宽度4 nm,以色谱峰面积外标法定量。各目标化合物的质量浓度在5.00～200 μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.06～0.10 μg/L。加标回收率为92.8%～109%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.5%～2.3%(n=6)。该方法所需样品量少,操作简便,安全性高,适用于监测地表水和废水中相应污染物。     

高效液相色谱法对唇膏中9种限用着色剂的同时测定

建立了用高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测器(HPLC/DAD)同时测定唇膏中9种限用着色剂(溶剂绿7、食品黄3、食品红17、酸性黄1、酸性红33、食品红4、食品红1、橙黄Ⅰ和酸性橙7)的检测方法.采用C18反相色谱柱,以乙腈-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用DAD检测器扫描检测.以保留时间结合待测物的紫外吸收光谱进行定性分析,采用外标法进行定量分析,定量检测波长240 nm.所建方法可在15 min内对9种目标物同时进行检测,且各化合物均达到基线分离.实验结果表明,在0.05 ～100 mg/L范围内,9种着色剂的质量浓度与相应的峰面积比值呈良好的线性关系.方法的平均回收率(n=9)为85% ～100%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.68% ～8.20%,9种目标物的检出限为0.01 ～0.1 mg/L.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中7种非食用色素

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中7种非食用色素(碱性嫩黄O、碱性橙、酸性橙Ⅱ、酸性金黄、玫瑰红B、对位红、苏丹红Ⅰ)的方法。依次采用乙腈、甲醇和碱性甲醇提取豆制品和肉制品;采用乙腈和70%乙腈依次提取调味品。采用SunFireTMC18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-50 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(H3PO4调至pH 4.5)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,测定波长为450和520 nm。7种非食用色素的在各自相应浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.998;检出限(LOD)在0.01～0.1 mg/L之间;定量限(LOQ)在0.18～1.2 mg/kg之间。平均回收率均大于80%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)在2.0%～5.7%之间。     

糖类食品和肉制品中胭脂虫红色素的高效液相色谱法测定

研究了食品中胭脂虫红色素的高效液相色谱测定方法.含胭脂虫红色素的样品用液-液萃取后通过高效液相色谱进行分析,并通过比较测定的光谱与胭脂虫红的紫外-可见谱图库来进一步确证.采用Welch Materials XB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)柱,流动相为0.02 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(A)和甲醇(B),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为280 nm,外标法测定胭脂虫红的含量.结果表明,胭脂虫红在1.0 ～50.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,回收率为88% ～99%,检出限为0.041 mg/L,色谱峰分离效果好,具有良好的稳定性和重复性.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定消毒凝胶中的度米芬

建立高效液相色谱测定消毒凝胶中度米芬含量的方法。样品经Shim-Pack VP–ODS C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,以0.012 mol/L十二烷基硫酸钠–乙腈–甲醇(2∶6∶2)为流动相,流量为1.5 mL/min。用紫外检测器检测,检测波长为269 nm。度米芬的质量浓度在0～434.20μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为1,方法检出限为0.13μg/mL。平行测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.13%(n=6),平均加标回收率为97.80%。该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,通用性强,可作为消毒产品中度米芬含量测定的检测方法。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定塑胶中8种苯并三唑紫外吸收剂

以气相色谱–质谱联用法测定塑胶中8种苯并三唑紫外吸收剂的含量。采用甲苯作为萃取溶剂,对样品进行超声萃取,选用DB–5HT气相分离色谱柱,以气相色谱–质谱联用仪对塑胶制品中8种苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂(UV–P,UV–320,UV–326,UV–327,UV–328,UV–329,UV–234,UV–360)进行分析测试。在优化的前处理和仪器分析条件下,8种苯并三唑紫外吸收剂萃取效果良好,在17 min内有效分离,色谱峰理想。在0.1~10 mg/L范围内溶液的质量浓度与色谱峰面积线性良好,线性相关系数(r~2)均大于0.999,检出限为0.1 mg/L,重复性试验相对标准偏差小于3%(n=7),加标回收率为95%~110%。该方法简便快捷、准确可靠,满足苯并三唑紫外吸收剂的检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定稻谷中11种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定稻谷中11种农药残留的方法。稻谷样品以乙腈作为提取溶剂,样品提取液用50 mg PSA、50 mg C_(18)和150 mg MgSO_4为净化剂进行净化。以乙腈为流动相A,2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相B,采用配有大气压电化学源的超高压液相色谱–三重四级杆串联质谱联用仪进行检测,选择正离子多反应监测模式。阿维菌素的质量浓度在50～1 000μg/L范围内,其它目标物的质量浓度在5～1 000μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99,方法检出限为1.0～2.5μg/kg。样品的加标回收率为70.2%～110.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%～13.5%(n=6)。该方法具有分析时间短、操作简单、灵敏度高等优点,能够较好地满足稻谷中农药残留检测的需要。     

高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留

建立高效液相色谱测定蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留的检测方法。蔬菜样品用乙腈提取,经DisQuE分散固相萃取试剂盒净化,C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈–水(68∶32)溶液洗脱,二极管阵列(PDA)检测器检测,外标法定量。在0.02~1.0 mg/L范围内,除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲的质量浓度与对应的色谱峰面积线性相关,除虫脲和灭幼脲的检出限为0.010 mg/kg,杀铃脲的检出限为0.015 mg/kg。除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲标准溶液的色谱峰面积的日内相对标准偏差分别为1.03%,1.31%,0.82%(n=6),日间相对标准偏差分别为1.43%,1.56%,1.06%(n=6)。加标回收率为88.7%~108.0%。该方法简单、快速、准确,适合蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定可食性包装材料中3种工业酸性红染料

提出了高效液相色谱法同时测定可食性包装材料中3种工业酸性红染料(酸性红14、酸性红35和酸性红73)的方法。样品经超声波辅助提取,以C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相,用10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液和甲醇以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用紫外检测器测定。3种酸性红染料的质量浓度均在5.0~80mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.08~0.15mg·kg-1之间。在10.0,20.0,30.0mg·L-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在89.4%~97.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.18%~1.6%之间。     

在线衍生–高效液相色谱法测定食品中的甲醛次硫酸氢钠

建立在线衍生–高效液相色谱法测定食品中的甲醛次硫酸氢钠。食品中的甲醛次硫酸氢钠用碘酸钾溶液氧化后释放出甲醛并被水提取,以2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)的乙腈–乙酸溶液为衍生液,在线衍生2 min,衍生物在Agilent C_(18)色谱柱上分离,以乙腈–水(65∶35)溶液为流动相进行洗脱,用二极管阵列检测器测定,检测波长为350 nm。试验结果表明,在0.1～5.0 mg/L范围内,甲醛的质量浓度与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r~2=0.999),方法检出限为0.4 mg/kg,样品的加标回收率为89.84%～97.46%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.25%～0.43%(n=6)。该方法操作简单快捷,分离效果好,适用于食品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠的日常分析测试。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.