不等式约束条件下经验似然法在两总体中位数检验中的应用

本文中, Owen 引入的经验似然方法被用于参数空间带不等式约束的两总体中位数的比较. 迄今为止, 还没有人研究过该问题. 这是因为, 在构造经验似然函数过程中所使用的辅助函数不是光滑函数, 因而不是凸函数, 从而使研究难度大大增加. 然而, 通过引入经验过程的办法, 本文很巧妙地解决了此问题. 根据经验过程, 本文证明了两中位数比较的经验似然比检验统计量的极限分布要么是单一的卡方分布, 要么是两个卡方分布的等权混合分布. 这一理论结果得到了模拟运算结果的有力支持.     

Empirical likelihood hypothesis test on mean with inequality constraints

Hypothesis test on the population mean with various inequality constraints is studied in this paper.The empirical likelihood method is applied to construct test statistics.Limiting distributions of the empirical likelihood ratio test statistics are proven to be a weighted mixture of chi-square distributions.Numerical results are presented to show the validity of the proposed method.     

Empirical likelihood for conditional quantile with left-truncated and dependent data

In this paper, we employ the method of empirical likelihood to construct confidence intervals for a conditional quantile in the presence and absence of auxiliary information, respectively, for the left-truncation model. It is proved that the empirical likelihood ratio admits a limiting chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom when the lifetime observations with multivariate covariates form a stationary α-mixing sequence. For the problem of testing a hypothesis on the conditional quantile, it is shown that the asymptotic power of the test statistic based on the empirical likelihood ratio with the auxiliary information is larger than that of the one based on the standard empirical likelihood ratio. The finite sample performance of the empirical likelihood confidence intervals in the presence and absence of auxiliary information is investigated through simulations.     

On high-dimensional two sample mean testing statistics: a comparative study with a data adaptive choice of coefficient vector

The key issues involved in two sample tests in high dimensional problems arise due to large dimension of the mean vector for a relatively small sample size. Recently, Wang et al. (Stat Sin 23:667–690, 2013) proposed a jackknife empirical likelihood test that works under weak assumptions on the dimension of variables (p), and showed that the test statistic has a chi-square limit regardless of whether p is finite or diverges. The sufficient condition required for this statistic is still restrictive. In this paper we significantly relax the sufficient condition for the asymptotic chi-square limit with models allowing flexible dependence structures and derive simpler alternative statistics for testing the equality of two high dimensional means. The proposed statistics have a chi-squared distribution or the maximum of two independent chi-square statistics as their limiting distributions, and the asymptotic results hold for either finite or divergent p. We also propose a data-adaptive method to select the coefficient vector, and compare the various methods in simulation studies. The proposed choice of coefficient vector substantially increases power in the simulation.     

核实数据下非线性EV模型中经验似然降维推断

本文研究了响应变量有误差的非线性模型.应用半参数降维技术构造未知参数的被估计经验似然及调整的经验似然,证明了所提出的被估计的经验对数似然与其调整的经验对数似然分别渐近于独立卡方变量加权和的分布与标准卡方分布,所得结果可用来构造未知参数的置信域.     

Sur le test de maximum de vraisemblance pour le mélange de populations

In [2] a theory is developed which under some regularity conditions, gives the asymptotical distribution of the likelihood ratio for testing the number of populations in a mixture. We give here two results. First, we exhibit a simple example where the likelihood ratio converges to +∞ with probability ½. Up to our knowledge, it is the first non-trivial example of a non-convergent likelihood test in a compact parameter space. Also, we give some enough regularity conditions allowing to apply the results of [2].     

纵向数据下部分非线性模型的广义经验似然推断

本文研究了纵向数据下部分非线性模型中未知参数的置信域的构造.利用经验似然方法,构造了非线性函数中未知参数的广义对数经验似然比统计量,证明了其渐近于卡方分布.同时,得到了未知参数的最大经验似然估计,并证明了其渐近正态性.     

Monotonicity of the power functions of modified likelihood ratio criterion for the homogeneity of variances and of the sphericity test

The modified likelihood ratio criterion for testing the homogeneity of variances of p univariate normal populations, and the sphericity test, are both shown in this paper to have a monotone nondecreasing power function.     

Empirical Likelihood Semiparametric Regression Analysis under Random Censorship

This paper considers large sample inference for the regression parameter in a partly linear model for right censored data. We introduce an estimated empirical likelihood for the regression parameter and show that its limiting distribution is a mixture of central chi-squared distributions. A Monte Carlo method is proposed to approximate the limiting distribution. This enables one to make empirical likelihood-based inference for the regression parameter. We also develop an adjusted empirical likelihood method which only appeals to standard chi-square tables. Finite sample performance of the proposed methods is illustrated in a simulation study.     

MA$(q)$模型的经验似然推断

In this article we study the empirical likelihood inference for MA（q） model. We propose the moment restrictions, by which we get the empirical likelihood estimator of the model parameter, and we also propose an empirical log-likelihood ratio based on this estimator. Our result shows that the EL estimator is asymptotically normal, and the empirical log-likelihood ratio is proved to be asymptotical standard chi-square distribution.     

Empirical likelihood inference for median regression models for censored survival data

Recent advances in median regression model have made it possible to use this model for analyzing a variety of censored survival data. For inference on the model parameter vector, there are now semiparametric procedures based on normal approximation that are valid without strong conditions on the error distribution. However, the accuracy of such procedures can be quite low when the censoring proportion is high. In this paper, we propose an alternative semiparametric procedure based on the empirical likelihood. We define the empirical likelihood ratio for the parameter vector and show that its limiting distribution is a weighted sum of chi-square distributions. Numerical results from a simulation study suggest that the empirical likelihood method is more accurate than the normal approximation based method of Ying et al. (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 90 (1995) 178).     

Consistent estimation and testing in heteroscedastic polynomial errors-in-variables models

The paper concentrates on consistent estimation and testing in functional polynomial measurement errors models with known heterogeneous variances. We rest on the corrected score methodology which allows the derivation of consistent and asymptotically normal estimators for line parameters and also consistent estimators for the asymptotic covariance matrix. Hence, Wald and score type statistics can be proposed for testing the hypothesis of a reduced linear relationship, for example, with asymptotic chi-square distribution which guarantees correct asymptotic significance levels. Results of small scale simulation studies are reported to illustrate the agreement between theoretical and empirical distributions of the test statistics studied. An application to a real data set is also presented.     

在有辅助信息情况下检验一约束集的经验似然比统计量的渐近分布

考虑了在有辅助信息情况下对M-泛函的一约束集进行统计检验的问题.我们定义了经验似然比检验统计量,并获得了它们的渐近分布.     

Partial penalized empirical likelihood ratio test under sparse case

A consistent test via the partial penalized empirical likelihood approach for the parametric hypothesis testing under the sparse case, called the partial penalized empirical likelihood ratio (PPELR) test, is proposed in this paper. Our results are demonstrated for the mean vector in multivariate analysis and regression coefficients in linear models, respectively. And we establish its asymptotic distributions under the null hypothesis and the local alternatives of order n^?1/2 under regularity conditions. Meanwhile, the oracle property of the partial penalized empirical likelihood estimator also holds. The proposed PPELR test statistic performs as well as the ordinary empirical likelihood ratio test statistic and outperforms the full penalized empirical likelihood ratio test statistic in term of size and power when the null parameter is zero. Moreover, the proposed method obtains the variable selection as well as the p-values of testing. Numerical simulations and an analysis of Prostate Cancer data confirm our theoretical findings and demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed method in hypothesis testing and variable selection.     

核实数据下响应变量缺失的线性EV模型经验似然推断

考虑响应变量随机缺失而协变量带有误差的线性模型,借助于核实数据和借补方法,构造了回归系数的两种经验似然比,证明了所提出的估计的经验对数似然比渐近于一个自由度为1的独立χ2变量的加权和;而经调整后所得的调整经验对数似然比渐近于自由度为p的χ2分布,该结果可以用来构造未知参数的置信域.此外,我们也构造了响应均值的调整经验对数似然比统计量,并证明了所提出的统计量渐近于x2分布,可用此结果构造响应均值的置信域.通过模拟研究比较了置信域的精度及其平均区间长度.     

艾拉姆咖分布参数的Bayes估计及检验

首先给出了艾拉姆咖分布在定数截尾场合下参数的极大似然估计;其次由"平均剩余寿命"的概念得到了参数的拟矩估计;然后取共轭先验分布给出了参数的经验Bayes估计、区间估计及假设检验;最后通过实例给出了不同截尾样本下参数的点估计和区间估计.     

Empirical likelihood-based inferences for the area under the ROC curve with covariates

In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis,the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a popular summary index of discriminatory accuracy of a diagnostic test.Incorporating covariates into ROC analysis can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the test.Regression model for the AUC is a tool to evaluate the effects of the covariates on the diagnostic accuracy.In this paper,empirical likelihood (EL) method is proposed for the AUC regression model.For the regression parameter vector,it can be shown that the asymptotic distribution of its EL ratio statistic is a weighted sum of independent chi-square distributions.Confidence regions are constructed for the parameter vector based on the newly developed empirical likelihood theorem,as well as for the covariate-specific AUC.Simulation studies were conducted to compare the relative performance of the proposed EL-based methods with the existing method in AUC regression.Finally,the proposed methods are illustrated with a real data set.     

Likelihood ratio inference for mean residual life of length-biased random variable

In lifetime data analysis, naturally recorded observations are length-biased data if the probability to select an item is proportional to its length. Based on i.i.d. observations of the true distribution, empirical likelihood (EL) procedure is proposed for the inference on mean residual life (MRL) of naturally recorded item. The limit distribution of the EL based log-likelihood ratio is proved to be the chi-square distribution. Under right censorship, since the EL based log-likelihood ratio leads to a scaled chi-square distribution and estimating the scale parameter leads to lower coverage of confidence interval, we propose an algorithm to calculate the likelihood ratio (LR) directly. The corresponding log-likelihood ratio converges to the standard chi-square distribution and the corresponding confidence interval has a better coverage. Simulation studies are used to support the theoretical results.     

Randomized statistical inference: A unified statistical inference frame of frequentist,fiducial, and Bayesian inference

We propose randomized inference(RI), a new statistical inference approach. RI may be realized through a randomized estimate(RE) of a parameter vector, which is a random vector that takes values in the parameter space with a probability density function(PDF) that depends on the sample or sufficient statistics,such as the posterior distributions in Bayesian inference. Based on the PDF of an RE of an unknown parameter,we propose a framework for both the vertical density representation(VDR) test and the construction of a confidence region. This approach is explained with the aid of examples. For the equality hypothesis of multiple normal means without the condition of variance homogeneity, we present an exact VDR test, which is shown as an extension of one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). In the case of two populations, the PDF of the Welch statistics is given by using the RE. Furthermore, through simulations, we show that the empirical distribution function, the approximated t, and the RE distribution function of Welch statistics are almost equal. The VDR test of the homogeneity of variance is shown to be more efficient than both the Bartlett test and the revised Bartlett test. Finally, we discuss the prospects of RI.     

分数填补下两总体分位数差异的半经验似然推断

在完全随机缺失机制情形,利用分数填补法填补缺失值,然后用经验似然方法构造两总体分位数差异的半经验似然比统计量,证明其渐近服从加权X~2分布并构造了相应的半经验似然置信区间.