Performance comparison of interferometer topologies for carrier-envelope phase detection

Performance and noise immunity of different interferometer set-ups for carrier-envelope phase detection are compared. The frequently used Mach–Zehnder interferometer is found to be easily corrupted by acoustic noise contributions and air streaks, whereas a quasi-common-path variant of the f-to-2f interferometer exhibits a 40% reduction of residual noise. This comparative analysis also provides deeper insight into additional mechanisms that are currently limiting the performance of carrier-envelope phase stabilization schemes.     

Error detection using mode information of macroblocks for video transmission

When video signals are transmitted over noisy chan-nels such as wireless networks, there will be errors inthe transmitted bit stream. Traditional coding methodsmake video more sensitive to channel errors because ofspatial and temporal propagation due to using variablelength codes (VLC) and motion compensation, respec-tively. Error detection and concealment are extremelyimportant components of error robust video codec. Theprocess of error detection can be divided into two steps.First, video b…     

Performance of passive target tracking using bearing-frequency and bearings of multiple arrays

1 IlltroductionIn modern sonar system, especially for passhe sonar system, target traClha nd targetmotioll anaJysis (TMA) is being paid more and more attentha. The TMA methods usingbearing iIiformation and stressing on BearingOuly Thaddng (BOT) hav been studied andused in depth. The main work is focused on how to sohe the obserVability of BOT. Ih theaPPlicatwh Of singl array to BOT, if the areays and targets bOth have a cOndant veocitydN kineInatic parameters estforation, the param…     

Feature-based fusion of infrared and visible dynamic images using target detection

We employ the target detection to improve the performance of the feature-based fusion of infrared and visible dynamic images, which forms a novel fusion scheme. First, the target detection is used to segment the source image sequences into target and background regions. Then, the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) is proposed to decompose all the source image sequences. Different fusion rules are applied respectively in target and background regions to preserve the target information as much as possible. Real world infrared and visible image sequences are used to validate the performance of the proposed novel scheme. Compared with the previous fusion approaches of image sequences, the improvements of shift invariance, temporal stability and consistency, and computation cost are all ensured.     

Inertial detection of noise using a Schottky diode with δ-doping

We investigated the simplest statistical characteristics of a process after inertial detection of noise using a Schottky diode with ??-doping.     

Method for detection of thiol-containing amino acids using gold–polystyrene composites

This paper reports the preparation of PS-PEI-Au composite colloids via the utilization of a facile method involving poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). The PEI used in the reaction scheme served as a linker between gold (Au) and polystyrene (PS) and additionally as a reducing agent in the conversion of Au ions to gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The PS-PEI-Au colloids thus prepared were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The PS-PEI-Au composites were further used for the detection of the thiol-containing amino acids, cysteine and homocysteine, via attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. Experimental results revealed interfacial binding of the amino acids to the composites and correlated with successive additions of the respective amino acids.     

Early detection of diseases in plant tissue using spectroscopy – applications and limitations

Plant diseases can greatly affect the total production of food and agricultural materials, which may lead to high amount of losses in terms of quality, quantity and also in economic sense. To reduce the losses due to plant diseases, early diseases detection either based on a visual inspection or laboratory tests are widely employed. However, these techniques are labor-intensive and time consuming. In a view to overcome the shortcoming of these conventional approaches, several researchers have developed non-invasive techniques. Recently, spectroscopy technique has become one of the most available non-invasive methods utilized in detecting plant diseases. However, most of the studies on the application of this novel technology are still in the experimental stages, and are carried out in isolation with no comprehensive information on the most suitable approach. This problem could affect the advancement and commercialization of spectroscopy technology in early plant disease detection. Here, we review the applications and limitations of spectroscopy techniques (visible/infrared, electrical impedance and fluorescence spectroscopy) in early detection of plant disease. Particular emphasis was given to different spectral level, challenges and future outlook.     

Noninertial feedback detection of a random process using a Schottky diode with δ-doping

The problem of determining the average value and dispersion of the process during the noninertial detection of a random stationary process, with the feedback taken into account, using a Schottky diode with δ-doping is investigated. The dependence of the output parameters on the input ones has been obtained in the Gaussian approximation.     

Real-time stress detection of monocrystalline silicon by laser irradiation using Mach–Zehnder interferometry

The effect of changes in laser-induced stress upon irradiation of monocrystalline silicon was studied in detail using Mach–Zehnder interferometer, high speed camera and computer processing system, real-time detection of stress distribution and stress evolvement under different laser fluences and pulse widths. After irradiation, the changes of interference fringes were used to calculate the stress value. The results show that the stresses increased with the increase of the laser fluence. The formation of stress could be explained using thermoelastic theory. The cleavage plane’s dislocation appears in the following sequence: (1 1 1) plane appears and then the dislocation slip of (1 1 0) cleavage plane appears. In addition, it is found that cleavage plane of (1 1 1) mainly exist in the spot and cleavage plane of (1 1 0) mainly exists in the vicinity of spot radius. Stress areas mainly exist in the thin layer on the surface of silicon. Furthermore, stress field was analysed by the finite-element method to get a better understanding of the formation and distribution of stress. Under the same experimental conditions, the numerical results are in agreement with the experimental values.     

In vivo multispectral imaging of the absorption and scattering properties of exposed brain using a digital red–green–blue camera

Optical Review - To evaluate multi-spectral images of the absorption and scattering properties in the cerebral cortex of rat brain, we investigated spectral reflectance images estimated by the...     

Laser detection of elastic waves diffraction by the crack’s edge

Diffraction effects and features of acoustic wave propagation in elastic media with the surface-breaking microcrack were investigated in detail for the pulse probing signals. The crack’s plane was oriented along the direction of longitudinal ultrasonic wave incidence in such a way that the detection of the crack with such an unfavorable spatial location was difficult by means of traditional acoustic techniques. Using laser Doppler interferometer a set of instantaneous pictures of acoustic field on the specimen’s surface, corresponding to the different moments of time was obtained. This allowed us to investigate and visualize the diffraction effects of acoustic field in dynamics. Using numerical modeling of diffraction processes of acoustic waves on the crack’s edge and top for pulse signals the origin of V-like structures on the snapshots of acoustic fields was explained and analyzed.     

Test of bell’s inequality using the one-atom micromaser

We examine a local realist bound in the case of a one-atom micromaser. It is shown that such a bound is violated using a simplified treatment of the micromaser. We consider the effect of dissipation in a proposed experiment with the real micromaser. It is seen that the magnitude of violation of a Bell-type inequality depends significantly on the cavity parameters.     

Nanoand microstructuring of materials’ surfaces using femtosecond laser pulses

Multimodal nanoand microscale surface textures are produced by scanning the surfaces of various structural materials using IR femtosecond laser radiation. The topographies of the modified surfaces and their wettabilities upon hydrophobization are studied.     

Analysis of labor productivity using large-scale data of firm’s financial statements

We investigated labor productivity distribution by analyzing large-scale financial statement data consisting of listed and unlisted Japanese firms to clarify the characteristics of the Japanese labor market. Both high and low productivity sides of the labor productivity distribution follows the power-law distribution. Large inequality in the low productivity side was observed only for the manufacturing sectors in Japan fiscal year (JFY) 1999 and observed for both the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors in JFY 2002. The decline in the Japanese GDP in JFY 1999 and JFY 2002 were coincided with the large inequality in the low productivity side of the distribution. A lower peak was found for all non-manufacturing sectors. This might be the origin of the low productivity of the non-manufacturing sectors reported in recent economic studies.     

Study of dynamics of global disturbances of the Earth’s magnetosphere using muon detectors

Amethod is developed, whichmakes it possible to predict in advance disturbances in the Earth’s magnetosphere, caused by solar flares or changes in the heliospheric magnetic field, since the cosmic particle flux reaches the Earth much earlier than coronal plasma bursts. To scan the celestial hemisphere, wide-aperture muon detectors are used. A unique system of muon hodoscopes was developed at the NEVOD Science and Education Center (MEPhI, Moscow). The data of the URAGAN muon hodoscope on two-dimensional dynamics of the muon flux during the Forbush effect of November 14, 2006 are analyzed. Changes in the muon flux intensity, measured at various directions with an interval of 30 min are shown. The results obtained demonstrate the muon flux sensitivity to solar plasma cloud motion, which offers prospects to use muon detectors to probe interplanetary space at long distances from the Earth and to predict geomagnetic disturbances.     

First-principles perspectives on detection properties of sulphur mustard gas using novel electroresistive ϵ-Arsenene nanosheet device

ABSTRACT

The feasibility of using ?-Arsenene (?-As) nanosheet device to detect the target vapour, 2-chloroethyl chloromethyl sulphide (one of sulphur mustard gas molecule) is investigated in the research by applying density functional theory method. The firm nature of ?-As nanosheet is verified using formation energy, and the electronic features are estimated for the pristine and target vapour adsorbed ?-As sheets. In addition, the adsorption attributes are computed to resolve the most preferred site of target vapour adsorption. Moreover, the transmission and current–voltage characteristics are explored to validate the modification in the resistivity and conductivity of ?-As device upon adsorption of the target vapour. Furthermore, the selectivity of ?-As sheets towards humidity, CO and CO₂ are also studied and ?-As sheets are highly selective to sulphur mustard gas molecules. The properties examined emphasise the employment of ?-As nanosheet molecular device to act as a chemo-sensor towards the target vapour, 2-chloroethyl chloromethyl sulphide.     

Physics and Performance of the Upgraded T2K’s Near Detector

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently ongoing in Japan. T2K has been the first experiment to detect the appearance of...     

Simulation of wireline sonic logging measurements acquired with Borehole–Eccentered tools using a high-order adaptive finite-element method

The paper introduces a high-order, adaptive finite-element method for simulation of sonic measurements acquired with borehole-eccentered logging instruments. The resulting frequency-domain based algorithm combines a Fourier series expansion in one spatial dimension with a two-dimensional high-order adaptive finite-element method (FEM), and incorporates a perfectly matched layer (PML) for truncation of the computational domain. The simulation method was verified for various model problems, including a comparison to a semi-analytical solution developed specifically for this purpose. Numerical results indicate that for a wireline sonic tool operating in a fast formation, the main propagation modes are insensitive to the distance from the center of the tool to the center of the borehole (eccentricity distance). However, new flexural modes arise with an increase in eccentricity distance. In soft formations, we identify a new dipole tool mode which arises as a result of tool eccentricity.