纤锌矿氮化物量子阱中光学声子模的三元混晶效应

本文先比较了几种常用方法(修正的无规元素等位移模型、虚晶近似和简化相干势近似等)对纤锌矿三元混晶体声子频率的拟合结果,再选用与实验数据接近的拟合方法,结合介电连续和单轴晶体模型导出含纤锌矿三元混晶In_xGa_1－xN和Al_xGa_1－xN单量子阱各类光学声子模的色散关系,进一步分析了声子模随组分的变化. 结果表明,修正的无规元素等位移模型对单模性纤锌矿     

Interface phonon-polaritons in quantum well systems of polar ternary mixed crystals

The interface phonon-polaritons in quantum well systems consisting of polar ternary mixed crystals are investi-gated. The numerical results of the interface phonon-polariton frequencies in the GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs, ZnSxSe1-x/ZnS, and ZnxCd1-xSe/ ZnSe quantum well systems are obtained and discussed. It is shown that there are six branches of interface phonon-polariton modes distributed in three bulk phonon-polariton forbidden bands in the systems. The electric fields of interface phonon-polaritons are also presented and show the interface locality of the modes. The effects of the ’two-mode’ and ’one-mode’ behaviours of the ternary mixed crystals on the interface phonon-polariton modes are shown in the dispersion curves.     

三元混晶四层系统的表面和界面声子极化激元

运用改进的无规元素等位移模型和玻恩-黄近似,结合电磁场的麦克斯韦方程和边界条件,研究了真空/极性二元晶体薄膜/极性三元混晶薄膜/极性二元晶体衬底四层系统的表面和界面声子极化激元.以AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs和ZnxCd1-xSe/ZnSe为例,获得了表面和界面声子极化激元模的色散关系以及表面模和界面模的频率随混晶组分和薄膜厚度的变化关系.结果表明,三元混晶四层异质结系统中存在七支表面和界面声子极化激元模,且这七支表面模和界面模的频率随混晶组分和薄膜厚度呈非线性变化,三元混晶的"单模"和"双模"性也在色散曲线中得到了很好的体现.     

Influences of nonlinear interactions of polaritons in uniaxial crystals

We have analysed theoretically the polarization and dielectric constant of uniaxial ionic crystals,including the effect of the nonlinear interactions between ions.The spectrum of polaritons(coupling modes of photons and optical phonons) under nonlinear interactions was developed.A new branch of dispersion relations emerges in the original frequency gap.     

纤锌矿结构ZnO/Mg_xZn_(1-x)O量子阱中带间光吸收的尺寸效应和三元混晶效应

对于纤锌矿结构ZnO/MgxZn1-xO有限深单量子阱结构,考虑内建电场、导带弯曲及材料掺杂对实际异质结势的影响,利用有限差分法和自洽法数值求解Schr?dinger方程和Poisson方程,获得电子(空穴)的本征能级和本征波函数.进而,采用费米黄金法则讨论带间光吸收的尺寸效应和三元混晶效应.结果表明:三元混晶材料MgxZn1-xO中Mg组分的增加会增强垒层和阱层的内建电场强度,使得电子(空穴)平均位置靠近左(右)垒,导致带间跃迁吸收峰呈指数减小且发生蓝移;ZnO/MgxZn1-xO量子阱带间跃迁吸收峰随阱宽增大而减小,吸收峰发生红移.所得结果可为改善异质结构材料和器件的光电性能提供理论指导,以期获得实际应用所需的光学吸收频谱和波长.     

Cyclotron resonance of polarons in ternary mixed crystals

Rayleigh-Schr?dinger perturbation theory and an improved Wigner-Brillouin perturbation theory has been used to study the cyclotron resonance of the polarons in ternary mixed crystals in the zero-temperature limit. The interaction between an electron and two branches of longitudinal optical phonon modes is taken into account in the framework of the random-element-isodisplacement model. The numerical results for several ternary mixed crystals show that the polaronic cyclotron energy and mass split successively twice related to the higher and lower branches of longitudinal optical phonon modes of ternary mixed crystals. A non-linear dependence of the polaronic cyclotron energy and mass on the composition x is found. Received 19 March 2002 / Received in final form 21 March 2003 Published online 20 June 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: xxliang@imu.edu.cn     

三元P3HT:PTB7-Th:PCBM聚合物太阳能电池性能的研究

将窄带隙聚合物PTB7-Th作为第三种物质掺入到P3HT:PCBM中制备了双给体结构的三元聚合物太阳能电池, 并且通过改变PTB7-Th的浓度来研究PTB7-Th对器件性能的影响. 研究发现, 掺入PTB7-Th后, 聚合物太阳能电池的短路电流和填充因子同时获得了提高, 使器件的光电转换效率得到了改善. 进一步分析表明, PTB7-Th的加入能够拓宽活性层的吸收光谱, 增加活性层吸收的光子数目, 有利于短路电流的提升. PTB7-Th与P3HT之间以电荷转移的形式相互作用, 这种作用方式有利于激子的解离, 从而使器件的填充因子得到了提高.     

半导体微腔中腔模、重空穴激子模和轻空穴激子模耦合

采用传输矩阵方法利用半经典的线性色散模型,计算半导体微腔内同时存在重空穴激子、轻空穴激子时,在不同入射角度下的反射谱,同时,利用三简谐振子耦合模型计算了在不同入射角度下,腔模同时和重空穴激子模、轻空穴激子模耦合所形成的三支腔极化激元的能量,以及腔模、重空穴激子模、轻空穴激子模分别在三支腔极化激元中所占的权重,结果表明随着入射角的增加腔极化激元的高能支和两个低能支之间存在明显的反交叉现象,同时,腔模和重空穴激子模、轻空穴激子模在腔极化激元中所占的权重呈现增加或减小的趋势 关键词： 半导体微腔 腔极化激元 激子     

Compensation temperature of 3d mixed ferro-ferrimagnetic ternary alloy

In this study, we have considered the three dimensional mixed ferro-ferrimagnetic ternary alloy model of the type AB_pC_1-p where the A and X (X=B or C) ions are alternately connected and have different Ising spins S^A=3/2, S^B=1 and S^C=5/2, respectively. We have investigated the dependence of the critical and compensation temperatures of the model on concentration and interaction parameters by using MC simulation method. We have shown that the behavior of the critical temperature and the existence of compensation points strongly depend on interaction and concentration parameters. In particular, we have found that the critical temperature of the model is independent on concentration of different types of spins at a special interaction value and the model has one or two compensation temperature points in a certain range of values of the concentration of the different spins.     

Surface and interface phonon-polaritons in freestanding quantum well wire systems of polar ternary mixed crystals

The surface and interface phonon-polaritons in freestanding rectangular quantum well wire systems consisting of polar ternary mixed crystals are investigated in the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Born–Huang approximation, based on the Maxwell's equations with the boundary conditions. The numerical results of the surface and interface phonon-polariton frequencies as functions of the wave-vector, geometric structure, and the composition of the ternary mixed crystals in GaAs/Al_xGa_1−xAs and Zn_xCd_1−xSe/ZnSe quantum well wire systems are obtained and discussed. It is shown that there are 10 and 8 branches of surface and interface phonon-polaritons in the two quantum well wire systems respectively. The effects of the “two-mode” and “one-mode” behaviors of the ternary mixed crystals on the surface and interface phonon-polariton modes are shown in the dispersion curves.     

Exciton–polariton condensation

We review, aiming at an audience of final year undergraduates, the phenomena observed in, and properties of, microcavity exciton–polariton condensates. These are condensates of mixed light and matter, consisting of superpositions of photons in semiconductor microcavities and excitons in quantum wells. Because of the imperfect confinement of the photon component, exciton–polaritons have a finite lifetime, and have to be continuously re-populated. Therefore, exciton–polariton condensates lie somewhere between equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensates and lasers. We review in particular the evidence for condensation, the coherence properties studied experimentally, and the wide variety of spatial structures either observed or predicted to exist in exciton–polariton condensates, including quantised vortices and other coherent structures. We also discuss the question of superfluidity in a non-equilibrium system, reviewing both the experimental attempts to investigate superfluidity to date, and the theoretical suggestions of how it may be further elucidated.     

Rapid growth of ternary eutectic under high undercooling conditions

~~Rapid growth of ternary eutectic un der high undercooling conditions1.Offerman, S.E., Dijk, N.H., Sietsma, J.et al., Grain nucleation and growth during phase transformations, Science, 2002, 298: 1003-1005. 2.Warren, J.A., Langer, J.S., Prediction of dendritic spacings in a directional-solidification experiment, Phys.Rev.E, 1993, 47: 2702-2712. 3.Cao, C.D., Wang, N., Wei, B., Containerless rapid solidification of undercooled Cu-Co peritectic alloys, Science in China, Ser.A, …     

Omnidirectional reflection in one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals and photonic heterostructures

Designing dielectric systems to create omnidirectional band gaps (OBGs) is an attractive topic in the field of photonic band gap (PBG) structures. In this Letter, we propose a new approach to create OBGs by ternary photonic heterostructures (TPHs) composed of three kinds of materials with different refractive indices and obtain the formulae of the structures of TPHs, i.e., those of the thicknesses of materials and the number of sub-ternary photonic crystals. It may provide a powerful technique for designing the structures being able to produce OBGs by use of usual materials, lowcost materials, and materials with low refractive indices, etc.     

X-ray diffraction studies of RbBr-RbI mixed crystals

Mixed crystals of RbBr and RbI have been prepared from melt. Using an X-ray diffractometer powder patterns have been recorded. The lattice constants show slightly positive deviations from Vegard’s law. From the integrated intensities, the mean Debye-Waller factor has been determined. The Debye-Waller factor shows a highly non-linear composition dependence with positive deviations from linearity, the values for intermediate compositions exceeding those for the end members. The Debye temperatures calculated from the Debye-Waller factors show a non-linear composition dependence with negative deviations from linearity.     

Effect of uniaxial strain on the structure of self-localized excitons in alkali halide crystals

We have used luminescence spectroscopy to establish the effect of low-temperature (100 K) elastic uniaxial strain on the configuration of a self-localized exciton (SLE) in alkali halide crystals (AHCs) at the instant of radiative relaxation. In face-centered (fc) alkali halide crystals, redistribution of the luminescence intensity occurs from the asymmetric SLE configuration to the symmetric SLE configuration (type III → II → I), while conversely in body-centered (bc) alkali halide crystals the redistribution occurs in favor of the asymmetric (polarized) SLE configuration (type I → II). External strain along the 〈100〉 direction leads to effective slip of the anions in the alkali halide crystals along the 〈110〉 direction, coinciding with the direction of compression of the SLE, which promotes creation of preferentially the symmetric SLE configuration, while strain along the 〈110〉 direction, acting perpendicularly to the length of the SLE, leads to elongation of the SLE, which promotes creation of the asymmetric SLE configuration with a higher degree of polarization. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 67–72, January–February, 2007.     

Renormalization Effects in the Spectrum of a Coherently Driven Exciton–Biexciton System

Starting from the total Hamiltonian of an excited exciton–biexciton system, nonresonant renormalizations in the electronic spectrum of a coherently driven direct semiconductor are considered. Stringent group-theoretical inclusion of the particle spin in the Hamiltonian allows one to account for the dependence of different renormalization effects on polarizations of the incident laser fields. On the example of circularly polarized driving and probing pulses it is shown that the kind of observed renormalization is defined by the pump-and-probe polarization geometry. Thus, the exciton optical Stark effect must appear in the case of co-circular pump-and-probe, whereas a mixing of the polariton and biexciton spectra is possible only in the case of counter-circular pump-and-probe. The polariton--biexciton dispersion renormalization may manifest itself as synchronous splittings of the exciton--polariton and biexciton spectra under resonant pumping at a frequency of the polariton--biexciton transition, or in their shifts in opposite directions under near-resonant pumping. The mechanisms of both kinds of renormalization effects are analyzed, and the dependence of their characteristics on the pump parameters and microscopic parameters of the exciton–biexciton–photon system is established. An evaluation of the characteristics shows that the effect of polariton–biexciton dispersion renormalization dominates in the spectra of semiconductors with stable biexciton formation. Results of the theoretical study provide an adequate explanation of available experimental data.     

Dielectric properties of RbCl-RbBr mixed crystals

A systematic measurement of dielectric constant and loss on RbCl-RbBr mixed crystals in various compositions has been carried out in the frequency range 100 Hz to 100 kHz and in the temperature range from room temperature to 320°C. From these measurements the static dielectric constant, the Szigeti charge, the conductivity and the activation energy for conduction are evaluated. All these properties show a nonlinear composition dependence. Semiempirical equations proposed earlier are employed to evaluate the dielectric constant as a function of composition. The validity of these relations is also discussed.     

量子微结构中的Josephson 效应

文章为纪念Josephson 效应发现50周年而作.文章介绍了当前关于几种量子微结构中Josephson 效应的理论研究,涉及Josephson 效应的基本物理现象和它在某些热点材料中的独特表现,如单层石墨纳米条带中的0-π转变,二维拓扑绝缘体中的手征性边态超导电流,以及半导体微腔中激子极化激元凝聚体之间的Josephson 效应和直流-交流Josephson 电流的转变.     

在具有强非线性效应的离子晶体中光脉冲传播的孤立子特性

从理论上研究了原胞内存在强离子间非线性相互作用的离子晶体,得出光脉冲在其中的传播具有孤立子特性,并分析了当非线性系数g分别为大于0与小于0时形成的亮孤立子与暗孤立子的具体特征.研究表明,不论非线性系数g取正值还是负值,在纵光学模声子频率ωLO以上频区,光脉冲可形成亮孤立子,在g>0时,在横光学模频率ωTO以下频区可形成暗孤立子;值得注意的是在ωTO—ωLO区间,光脉冲可形成超前型暗孤立子;在g<0时,从ωTO往下临近ωTO有一个由超前型亮孤立子向推迟型暗孤立子的转变区 关键词： 孤立子 极化激元 光脉冲