稀土席夫碱邻菲咯啉三元配合物的合成及其生物活性研究

以稀土氯化物、席夫碱水杨醛缩苯丙氨酸和邻菲咯啉为配体,在无水乙醇溶液中反应,制备了一类新型稀土三元配合物,通过元素分析、摩尔电导、核磁共振、红外光谱、拉曼光谱,确定了该配合物的化学组成:RE(L)( Phen) Cl (H2O)(RE= Ce3 ,Sm3 , Eu3 ,Y3 ,Gd 3 ;L=席夫碱水杨醛缩苯丙氨酸;Phen=邻菲咯啉).通过抗菌实验对其抑菌效果进行研究,结果表明配合物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及白色念珠菌都有较强的抑制作用,抗菌谱广;用流式细胞检测法对配合物使癌细胞凋亡能力做了初步研究,证明其具有使癌细胞凋亡的效果.     

己二胺为核低代树枝状大分子的合成与性能

以己二胺和丙烯酸甲酯为原料,甲醇为溶剂,采用迈克尔加成和酰胺化缩合反应合成了低代己二胺为核的树枝状大分子。主要考察了反应条件对己二胺为核1.0G树枝状大分子收率的影响,当n(己二胺为核0.5G树枝状大分子)∶n(己二胺)=1∶6,反应温度50℃,反应时间24h,收率为69.36%。研究了以己二胺为核的1.0G树枝状大分子对O/W型模拟乳液的破乳性能。结果表明:在45℃、添加量为200ppm、60min的条件下,己二胺为核的1.0G树枝状大分子的破乳率达到80.28%。     

电沉积-钨丝电热原子吸收光谱法测定水样中的铅

研制了一种便携式钨丝电热原子吸收光谱分析装置,其主要包括:钨丝电热原子化器、多道微型CCD光谱仪、仪器电源系统以及控制系统。并将电沉积分离富集技术与该钨丝电热原子吸收光谱分析仪器结合,完成环境水样中铅的现场分析。并对铅的电沉积条件作了研究,最佳电沉积电位为负650 mV(vs.SCE),方法检出限:0.20μg/L,线性范围:1~15μg/L,对4μg/L Pb标准溶液10次重复测试,RSD为4.4%。     

钨丝电解电热原子吸收光谱分析法测定痕量金

测定痕量金对地质、冶金、化工部门都有重要的现实意义。目前,石墨炉原子吸收法一般需预先以萃取、共沉淀、离子交换、反相色层手段分离富集。虽然绝对灵敏度很高,但由于进样体积小,其相对灵敏度受到一定限制,而且分离操作烦琐,使用较多化学试剂,易引入较大误差。本方法使金电沉积到钨丝上,然后以电热法进行原子吸收测定。虽然Newton较系统地介绍过电解电热原子吸收法测定痕量金属的资料,但尚未见到有关测定金的具体报导。本     

超声辅助萃取-钨丝电热原子吸收光谱法测定痕量镉

镉对人体和动植物而言是一种非必需的元素,当其含量超过一定浓度就会产生毒性.由于镉在生物体内的半衰期长达1年之久,一旦进入生物体就不易排出.因此,测定食物样品中的镉对保证人类和动物的健康有重要的意义[1].     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中的痕量金

用活性炭吸附,于5％盐酸溶液中用甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)萃取金,采用斜坡升温和热解涂层石墨管技术进行地质样品中痕量金的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定,检出限为0．1ng/g。用该方法对标准物质进行测定,结果与标准值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．0％～6、9％(n=6)。     

钨丝电解分离-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量金

试液中的金首先被电解沉积到钨丝环表面上,然后悬挂在石墨杯中光束以外的部位,利用石墨壁的热辐射使全原子化。相对检测限为0.047ng/mL,金浓度在0—4ng/mL范围内线性关系较好。测定含0.014g/t金的试样数据表明,方法准确度、精密度均较好。     

钨丝电热原子吸收光谱分析法测定痕量锌

蒸馏水中的锌与吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)形成的络合物用CCl4萃取后,弃去有机相,水相用作配制锌标准溶液和制备样品溶液,从而解决了用钨丝电热原子吸收光谱法测锌时空白值太高而难以进行实际样品分析的问题.考察了影响萃取和钨丝电热原子吸收测定的各种实验条件.在进样10 μL样品溶液时,本方法的定量下限为5 μg/L.测定了3个国家标准物质(大米、人发和水系沉积物)中的锌含量,结果与推荐值一致.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中痕量金

化探样品经650 ℃高温灼烧1.5 h后,用HNO3-HCl(1+1)溶解.取一块聚氨酯泡沫塑料(3 cm×2 cm×1 cm)吸附富集样品溶液中痕量金,通过将上述富集金的聚氨酯泡沫塑料置于硫脲溶液中沸水浴保持20 min,使金被释放出来,所得溶液供石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定.对石墨炉原子化条件和基体改进剂抗坏血酸的用量进行了试验并予以优化.方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.06 ng·g-1.方法用于测定国家标准样品,测得值的相对标准偏差(n=11)小于6.0%.     

掺氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中痕量镱

提出掺氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中痕量镱的新方法。使用磺基水杨酸作保护剂消除铝对镱的挥发原子化干扰,KC1作消电离剂消除镱的电离干扰。方法的检出限为0.0042mg·L-1。应用于测定地质标准样品中痕量镱,结果与标准值相符,对GBW07302试样测定8次,RSD为5.41%。     

Determination of nickel in water by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with preconcentration on a tungsten foil

A preconcentration method for nickel in waters involving adsorption on tungsten foil, followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with a tungsten tube atomizer is described. The most suitable pH for nickel adsorption was 5 and the optimum immersion time was 2 min. Severe interferences from co-existing elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Pb and Zn) on the Ni AA signal were observed. Under optimal conditions, the preconcentration of nickel on W foil could eliminate interferences from these elements. The detection limit of nickel by preconcentration-ETAAS was 0.1 ng/ml (3S/N). The method with preconcentration on tungsten foil was applied to the determination of nickel in river water. The recovery of spiked nickel was 93–102%. The tungsten foil preconcentration method is sensitive, simple, and convenient. This adsorption method can be utilized inin situ-sampling of ultra-trace nickel in environmental samples (water). Furthermore, after sampling it is easy to carry and store the W-foil without contamination for long time.     

Determination of Cr(VI) by portable tungsten coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer after surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

As a new developed instrument, a portable tungsten coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer (W-coil ET-AAS) was first coupled with surfactant assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SA-DLLME) to improve its analytical performance and expand its applications in this work. SA-DLLME was very simple, rapid and the extraction efficiency was considerably improved by the effect of surfactant, which was suitable to be coupled with the portable instrument in field analysis. After SA-DLLME, concentrated chromium in organic phase was directly determined on W-coil atomiser. The influence factors relevant to SA-DLLME and instrumental conditions were studied systematically. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for Cr(VI) was 0.016 µg L^?1, with sensitivity enhancement factor (EF) of 107. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for seven replicate measurements of 0.5 µg L^?1 of Cr(VI) was 4.6%. The recoveries for the spiked samples were in the acceptable range of 96.8–104%. The rapid, simple and high effective method greatly improved the sensitivity of this portable spectrometer for the determination of Cr(VI) and was applied to the analysis of ultra-trace Cr(VI) in real and certified water samples with satisfactory results.     

Determination of trace elements in seawater by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with and without a preconcentration step

The determination of the trace metals Cd, Pb and Cu in seawater by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETA-AAS) has been investigated. A combination of the platform with mixed palladium nitrate-magnesium nitrate as matrix modifier and Zeeman background correction allows Cd an Pb to be determined by aqueous standard calibration in appropriately diluted seawater samples. Copper can be determined in undiluted seawater samples without chemical modification using a standard additions method. Detection limits (3) of 2.97,5.27 and 1.1 gl^–1 are obtained for Cd, Pb and Cu respectively. A Kelex-100 impregnated silica C18 material (Kelex 100-C18) has been tried and has proved to be effective as a column packing for extraction/preconcentration of these metals from seawater. Using the column extraction method, the sensitivity of the graphite furnace technique is enhanced 50-fold using a 10 l injection volume. Thus, the determination of the studied three metals in seawater at the ng.l^–1 level could be achieved.     

Preconcentration of trace heavy metals in water by coprecipitation with magnesium oxinate for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Nanogram quantities of heavy metals in 200 ml of water were quantitatively preconcentrated by coprecipitation with magnesium oxinate at pH 9–9.5. The precipitate was collected on a 1-m Nuclepore membrane filter and then dissolved in 5 ml of 1 mol/l nitric acid. After diluting to 10 ml with water, a 10- or 20-l aliquot of the solution was directly analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using deuterium background correction. The background absorption due to the collector magnesium oxinate was negligibly small. The optimized coprecipitation technique has been applied to the determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium and lead at the ppt level in river and seawater. The relative standard deviations were within 10% and the detection limits were 0.025 (for Co), 0.019 (for Ni), 0.006 (for Cu), 0.001 (for Cd) and 0.017 g/l (for Pb). Blanks through the whole procedure were not detectable.     

Determination of thallium in natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Thallium is determined in natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption Spectrometry after preconcentration. Thallium is oxidized and retained as the tetrachlorothallate (III) ion on an anion exchange column, followed by elution with ammonium sulfite solution. A concentration factor of 400 is achieved. The detection limit of the method is 3.3 ng/1.     

Cloud point extraction of aluminum (III) in water samples and determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry,flame atomic absorption spectrometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry

Cloud point extraction was applied as a preconcentration step for the determination of trace level of Al(III) in water samples with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The aluminum was extracted as aluminum-Eriochrome Cyanine R (ECR) complex, at pH 6 by micelles of the non-ionic surfactant octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114). The investigations showed that the same CPE procedure can be used for different detection techniques. The results obtained from these techniques were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, limit of detection obtained with ETAAS, FAAS and UV-visible spectrophotometry were 0.03 ng mL^?1, 0.06 µg mL^?1 and 0.01 µg mL^?1, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was tested by analysing certified reference material. The method was successfully applied to determination of aluminum in water samples and dialysis fluid.     

Determination of cadmium in slurries of marine sediment samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using palladium and phosphate as chemical modifiers

A method for the determination of cadmium in slurries of marine sediment using palladium and phosphate as chemical modifier has been optimized. To stabilize the marine sediment slurry, Triton X-100 at 0.1% was used. To obtain a complete pyrolysis of the slurry sample two mineralization steps were used, the first at 480 °C and the second at 600 °C and 700 °C for phosphate and palladium, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the method have been studied by analyzing the Reference Material PACS-1 (marine sediment) of National Research Council Canada. The detection limits (LOD) were 11.9 g kg^–1 for phosphate and 42.0 g kg^–1 when palladium was used. These methods have been applied to the determination of cadmium in marine sediment samples from the Galicia coast and the results of both methods were compared; no significant differences were found between the two procedures.     

浊点萃取电热原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量铊

采用吡咯烷基二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)为螯合剂,Triton X-114作为表面活性剂,建立了浊点萃取预富集电热原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量铊的方法。在优化的实验条件下,方法的检出限可达0.07μg/L,相对标准偏差为3.6%(4μg/L,n=7),加标回收率为93%~106%,富集倍率为31。该方法成功应用于自来水和河水中痕量铊的测定。