高效液相色谱法同时测定槐枝中芦丁和槲皮素

提出了用高效液相色谱法同时测定槐枝中芦丁和槲皮素含量的方法。采用ZORBAXEclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为固定相,以甲醇-0.01 mol.L-1乙酸铵(47+53)混合溶液为流动相,在360 nm波长处用二极管阵列检测器检测。芦丁和槲皮素的质量分别在0.015 4~0.154 0,0.010 8~0.108 0 mg.L-1之间与其相应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限分别为(3S/N)分别为0.06,0.008μg.g-1。应用此法测定槐枝样品中芦丁和槲皮素的含量,加标回收率分别为97.4%~98.8%,97.4%~98.2%;相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为1.6%,1.8%。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定满山红中槲皮素和杜鹃素的研究

研究了用固相萃取预分离,高效液相色谱法测定满山红中槲皮素和杜鹃素。槲皮素和杜鹃素用90%甲醇加热回流提取,提取液用Waters Sep-Pak-C18固相萃取小柱预分离,然后用ZORBAX Stable Bound(50×4.6 mm i.d.,1.8μm)色谱柱,以0.2%的磷酸和甲醇(52∶48,V/V)为流动相,槲皮素和杜鹃素在1.0 min内可达到基线分离;用紫外二极管矩阵检测器检测。方法的加入标准回收率为98%~102%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~1.8%。本法可用于满山红样品中的槲皮素和杜鹃素的测定,结果满意。     

高效液相色谱法测定野葱中黄酮类化合物

建立了测定野葱中芦丁、黄酮醇类化合物的高效液相色谱方法。80%乙醇超声提取,高效液相色谱分析野葱中芦丁和黄酮醇类化合物的含量。芦丁检测条件:V(甲醇)∶V(0.2%磷酸水)=45∶55,检测波长:360nm;槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素检测条件:V(甲醇)∶V(0.2%磷酸水)=40∶60,检测波长:360 nm。结果表明,野葱中芦丁含量0.22%,槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素含量依次为0.42%、0、0.23%,总黄酮醇类化合物含量为1.63%。     

高效液相色谱法测定不同产地枇杷叶中的3种黄酮类成分

建立了高效液相色谱同时测定枇杷叶中3种黄酮类成分的分析方法。该方法分析了不同产地枇杷叶中芦丁、槲皮素和山柰酚的含量差异。枇杷叶粉末用甲醇超声提取后,加盐酸回流,制备样品测试液。采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以0.4%（v/v）磷酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱。分别对7个不同产地的枇杷叶样品中的芦丁、槲皮素和山柰酚进行测定。结果表明,芦丁、槲皮素、山柰酚在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（r>0.99）,加标回收率分别为96.33%、95.81%和95.80%,RSD分别为6.48%、0.90%和3.02%。该方法操作简单、分离度好、重复性高。不同产地枇杷叶中3种黄酮类成分的含量存在差异,其中芦丁的差异最大,而山柰酚的含量最稳定且在不同产地样品中均可检出,或可用作枇杷叶药材质量控制的标志成分。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定枸杞中槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素

建立了高效液相色谱同时检测枸杞中槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素的分析方法。样品经过甲醇超声提取后,用甲醇-25%HCl水解1 h,采用Inertsustain C18色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇-0.4%H3PO4溶液(48∶52,V/V)为流动相,进行等度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长为360 nm,柱温为40℃。槲皮素,山柰酚,异鼠李素在40 min内实现分离,并分别在0.053~21.2μg/m L,0.053~4.24μg/m L和0.046~3.72μg/m L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9972~0.9992,测得槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素的加标回收率为99.2%~103.1%,95.6%~101.8%,93.2%~109.1%;相对标准偏差分别为0.95%~2.8%,0.55%~2.3%,0.81%~2.4%。对槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素的检出限分别为0.04,0.05,0.03 mg/kg。方法可用来测定枸杞中3种黄酮苷元的含量。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定油茶果壳中5种多酚类化合物的含量

提出了高效液相色谱-质谱法同时测定油茶果壳中没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁和槲皮素等5种多酚类化合物的方法。油茶果壳样品经甲醇提取,以Thermo Scientific Syncronics C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和甲酸(1+99)溶液混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾负离子源多反应监测模式检测。5种多酚类化合物在一定的质量浓度范围内均与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限在0.02~0.50mg·L-1之间。方法用于油茶果壳样品的分析,加标回收率在90.0%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.1%~3.4%之间。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定玫瑰花口服液中没食子酸、芦丁、槲皮素和山奈素

建立了同时测定玫瑰花口服液中没食子酸、芦丁、槲皮素和山奈素的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定方法。采用Agilent HC-C18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为0.5%磷酸-甲醇,梯度洗脱;流速0.8mL·min-1;柱温30℃;检测波长260nm。结果显示:没食子酸在40.7～244.20μg·mL-1、芦丁在25～150μg·mL-1、槲皮素在13.3～80μg·mL-1、山奈素在2.69～16.2μg·mL-1线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9997、0.9993、0.9998、0.9994。4组分平均回收率分别为99.2%、101.2%、98.8%、99.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.60%、1.02%、0.62%、0.57%(n=3)。该方法准确、简便,适合上述4种有效成分的同时测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定不同产地布渣叶的3种水解黄酮苷元

提出了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定布渣叶的3种水解黄酮苷元槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的含量。采用Kromasil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.4%(体积分数)磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,在368 nm波长处,对布渣叶的水解液进行了色谱分离测定。结果表明:槲皮素的质量浓度在1.97~19.7 mg.L-1,山奈酚在2.02~20.2 mg.L-1,异鼠李素在2.11~21.1 mg.L-1时分别与其峰面积呈线性关系。槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的加标回收率分别为93.0%~99.6%,92.6%~99.8%,92.5%~99.5%,相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为2.48%,2.80%,3.17%。     

高效液相色谱法测定润肤霜和洗发露中的银杏黄酮类物质

建立了测定润肤霜和洗发露中3种银杏黄酮类物质(槲皮素、山萘素和异鼠李素)的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经甲醇提取、离心后,提取液以Fortis Phenyl色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm)分离,体积分数0.5%H3PO4-甲醇流动相体系等度洗脱,在波长367 nm下用二极管阵列检测器检测,以保留时间结合紫外光谱定性,外标法定量。结果表明:3种目标分析物分离度好;在0.25~50.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9992~0.999 9;槲皮素、山萘素和异鼠李素的方法检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.8,1.0和1.0 mg/kg;添加水平为5~500 mg/kg时,回收率为83.5%~102.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.6%~6.5%。方法适用于护肤类和洗护发类化妆品中槲皮素、山萘素和异鼠李素的测定。     

超声萃取-流动注射液滴荧光增敏法测定苦荞中芦丁

基于Al~(3+)-芦丁形成络合物的荧光增敏特性,建立了超声萃取-流动注射液滴荧光增敏法测定苦荞中芦丁含量的方法。称取2.000 0g样品,加入10mL甲醇并搅拌均匀,超声振荡萃取15min,以6 000r·min-1转速离心5min后移出上层清液,重复此操作2次后合并3份上清液,旋转蒸发除去甲醇溶剂,用90%(体积分数)乙醇溶液溶解,过滤,加入0.1mol·L~(-1) Al(NO_3)_3溶液5μL后定容至10.0mL,静置60～70min。流动注射速率保持4～5mL·h~(-1),激发和发射波长分别为239,507nm时测定荧光强度。Al~(3+)与芦丁的络合比为1∶2,Al~(3+)-芦丁络合物的质量浓度与其荧光强度在0.10～5.00 mg·L~(-1)内呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为0.02 mg·L~(-1),回收率在86.0%～104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.1%～6.1%之间。方法适合于苦荞中芦丁的常规检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.