印制线抗电磁干扰模型分析与计算

对双导体传输线的Taylor模型在频域下的非齐次线性微分方程组,采用常数变异法求得其在边界条件下解的表达式,所求得传输线在终端响应的电压和电流值与BLT方程求得的结果相同。同时,还得到了印刷电路板上的平行双线在外电磁场辐射下终端响应电压的解析表达式,并通过解析解分析得到了不产生干扰电压时的电磁波的入射角度和极化方向。     

印制线抗电磁干扰模型分析与计算

对双导体传输线的Taylor模型在频域下的非齐次线性微分方程组,采用常数变异法求得其在边界条件下解的表达式,所求得传输线在终端响应的电压和电流值与BLT方程求得的结果相同。同时,还得到了印刷电路板上的平行双线在外电磁场辐射下终端响应电压的解析表达式,并通过解析解分析得到了不产生干扰电压时的电磁波的入射角度和极化方向。     

浅谈印制电路板的一种清洗工艺

焊接是电子设备的生产中的重要步骤,焊接后必须进行清洗才能保证电子设备的可靠性、电气指标和工作寿命。鉴于军工产品必须要清洗,所以清洗工艺对于军工产品尤为重要。文中介绍了清洗的重要性,讨论了印制电路板污染物的种类和来源分析,提出了一种可靠的清洗工艺——溶剂气相清洗。气相清洗通常被认为是去除零件上有机污垢的一种最有效的清洁方法,这种方法甚至能去除工业中遇到的最为顽固的污垢。在溶剂蒸气清洗机中清洁后的零件从机器中出来时是干燥的,而且表面无任何残留物。     

Evaluation of adhesion between glass/epoxy composite substrate and copper foil for printed circuit board applications

Adhesion between glass/epoxy composite substrate and copper foil was evaluated by 90° peeling test. Effect of fracture behavior and the peel strength on copper foil style was experimentally investigated using copper foils with various surface roughness. As mechanical anchoring effect increases with increased surface roughness, the surface roughness increased the surface roughness of copper foil strongly affected the peeling strength and local load variation during the test. The fracture behavior was characterized by secondary electron image and reflective electron image techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All of the specimens were found to fracture at the anchor points formed in the resin layer on the surface of the substrate. The experimental results were correlated to a formulation based on the theory of beams on elastic foundation, which is presented for predicting the adhesive strength in the adherend- adhesive system. In order to apply this formulation to a no adhesive system, such as FR-4/copper foil, an analytical model was proposed. In this model, a mixture phase of the copper with the surface resin in the substrate was regarded as the adhesive. The calculated results were in relatively good agreement with the experimental results. It was confirmed that the analysis model and evaluation method is useful to predict the peel strength due to the mechanical anchoring effect.     

Highly reliable optical interconnection network on printed circuit board for distributed computer systems

A highly reliable interchip optical interconnection network on a printed circuit board (PCB) was designed and realized, and experiments confirmed that the data rate in each channel could reach above 3.125 Gbps and the bit error rate (BER) could be up to 1.27×10⁻¹⁸, which would be a good solution to the problem of communication bottlenecks between high-speed VLSI chips.     

一种光学成像垂轴几何畸变校正方法

光学成像系统非线性几何畸变的校正仍是一个未能很好解决的课题，一些方法还不能很好地实用。本文对成像系统主要因镜头的失常导致的非线性几何畸变，分析了成像过程。提出一种以径向几何畸变为主的非线性几何畸变模型。依据此模型，提出一种通用的校正方法，应用计算机处理，可对实际的非线性几何畸变图像进行校正。文中用所提出的方法对实际成像的畸变进行了校正，给出了校正实验结果，校正效果良好，有一定的实验价值。     

平面物体在曲面状态下扫描仪图像的校正理论

平面物体在曲面状态下经扫描仪扫描后,其图像将发生复杂的畸变。提出将其分类为灰度畸变、投影畸变和成像畸变。通过理论分析,提出了在二元曲面模型下对投影畸变和成像畸变进行数字校正的方法,给出了对灰度畸变进行数字校正的实用方法。     

平面物体在曲面状态下扫描仪图像的校正实验

平面物体在曲面状态下经扫描仪扫描后,其图像将发生复杂的畸变。提出了用椭圆柱面加平面模型来描述实际扭曲的情况。基于二元曲面模型的投影畸变和成像畸变数字校正理论,推导了具体的畸变校正公式,并给出了确定成像畸变系数的实用方法。实验结果表明,经校正后投影畸变能够从最大的56%降低到2 5%;成像畸变能够从最大的8 4%降低到0 3%;投影畸变和成像畸变的组合畸变能够从最大的70%降低到3 1%。图像灰度直方图标准偏差的误差可从491%降低到6 5%。     

图像显示系统几何畸变的测量及校正

为了保证图像显示系统能够产生120°的大视场,在系统中使用了超广角耦合物镜,这样就不可避免地存在几何畸变。提出了一种基于点物成像原理,并采用数码相机和精密单轴转台进行畸变测量的方法,介绍了测量原理和测量过程,根据测量后得到的畸变规律,采用数字图像处理的方法对几何畸变进行了校正。校正后,图像显示系统的畸变小于0.4%,完全能够满足导弹景象匹配系统定位误差及定位概率的检测要求。     

一种结合图像复原技术的自适应光学系统控制方法

在天文高分辨成像领域,自适应光学校正和事后图像复原都必不可少,但传统的自适应光学系统控制方法以提升光学成像质量为目的,并未考虑图像复原环节,因此,研究一种结合两者以获得高质量复原图像为目标的控制方法具有重要意义.本文对传统自适应光学技术结合事后图像解卷积的方法进行了分析,阐述了其存在的缺陷.首次提出了将自适应光学技术和图像复原技术相结合进行系统分析的思想,并提出了变形镜校正度(变形镜控制电压相对于传统方法控制电压的缩放比例)的概念,通过改变校正度可实现变形镜校正残差和波前传感器探测误差的调整,同时证明了复原图像质量在校正度下降的方向存在一个最优值,用最优校正度来修正变形镜控制电压,就得到了一种新的控制方法.针对点源目标成像,仿真表明该方法相比于传统方法,能够得到质量更好的复原图像.     

书籍扫描图像畸变参数自动计算精度的提高

建立了一个数据文件,用于存储一些在不同弯曲状态下书籍扫描图像页边灰度的曲线数据以及对应的多项式系数。利用多项式来描述在某种弯曲状态下像素灰度与页面上的对应点到扫描仪工作平面之间的距离关系。任意弯曲状态下的书籍扫描图像可以在数据文件中搜索到与其最接近的弯曲状态,并利用对应的多项式系数自动求得最佳畸变参数,用于图像的畸变校正实验,获得了较好的校正效果,最大误差由未校正时的63%下降到了4.4%。这使得在无需人工测量或调整畸变参数的条件下可自动校正书籍扫描图像。     

一种图像非线性形变的恢复方法

几何成像系统中非线性形变图像的恢复仍是一个未能很好解决的课题。针对常见的双二次、双三次形变图像,提出了以不完全双二次、双三次插值法拟合形变图像,根据形变的特点采用牛顿迭代法和双线性灰度插值法对图像进行恢复。用所提出的方法对失真图像进行恢复,结果表明,仅选用少量参考点便可得到良好的效果。     

书籍扫描图像畸变参数自动计算方法的研究

为实现书籍扫描图像的畸变自动校正,提出用多项式来描述各像素的理论灰度g(zi)与页面上对应点到扫描仪工作平面距离zi二者之间的关系。为确立该多项式,在畸变参数已知条件下扫描一幅图像,根据已知畸变参数求出zi,即可按最小二乘法原理由各像素灰度的实际值求出多项式的各个系数。实验证明,采用4阶多项式已能满足一般要求,并求出了各系数。对任意扫描图像,自动计算畸变参数的方法为:首先利用扫描图像上页边空白处各像素的灰度,对畸变参数进行估计,并求出zi的估计值;然后代入所确立的多项式,可求得g(zi);通过调整各畸变参数的估计值,直到g(zi)与gi最为接近,即得最佳畸变参数。用于图像校正实验,获得了较好的校正效果,最大误差由不校正时的41%下降到了6.9%。这使得无需用户测量并输入有关畸变参数即可进行自动校正。     

基于免疫遗传算法改进的BP神经网络在灭火系统电路板故障诊断中的应用

针对装甲车辆灭火系统电路板规模较大,功能日趋多样与完善的同时,其复杂程度也日益提高,故障层次越来越多,故障现象与故障原因的映射关系更加复杂,组合故障频发,传统的故障诊断方法已不能满足灭火系统电路板故障诊断的要求。设计了基于免疫遗传算法优化的BP神经网络对灭火系统电路板进行故障诊断,并在免疫和遗传过程中保留了部分训练最优解。实现了神经网络收敛速度的提高,使用Matlab编程优化算法并完成了电路板仿真故障的诊断。通过实验验证了该诊断模型的准确性和可靠性,为电气系统通用检测设备的神经网络诊断方法实现提供了理论支撑。     

基于NLMS自适应滤波的近红外光谱去噪处理方法研究

为了去除直接采集的近红外(NIR)光谱中含有的噪声,将归一化最小均方(NLMS)自适应滤波方法引入到NIR光谱去噪领域中。以51份土壤样品的NIR光谱为研究对象,探讨NLMS自适应滤波方法在NIR光谱预处理中的应用,并将处理后的结果与土壤中有机质的含量相关联,建立模型。结果表明,通过NLMS自适应滤波去噪后的光谱,预测集的相关系数r由处理前的0.8284提高至0.9654,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)由处理前的0.3385降至0.1606。由此可见,NLMS自适应滤波对NIR光谱的去噪有显著效果,可以有效地提高光谱的分析精度和模型的稳健性,为NIR光谱的预处理提供了一种新方法。     

An MRI denoising method using image data redundancy and local SNR estimation

This paper presents an LMMSE-based method for the three-dimensional (3D) denoising of MR images assuming a Rician noise model. Conventionally, the LMMSE method estimates the noise-less signal values using the observed MR data samples within local neighborhoods. This is not an efficient procedure to deal with this issue while the 3D MR data intrinsically includes many similar samples that can be used to improve the estimation results. To overcome this problem, we model MR data as random fields and establish a principled way which is capable of choosing the samples not only from a local neighborhood but also from a large portion of the given data. To follow the similar samples within the MR data, an effective similarity measure based on the local statistical moments of images is presented. The parameters of the proposed filter are automatically chosen from the estimated local signal-to-noise ratio. To further enhance the denoising performance, a recursive version of the introduced approach is also addressed. The proposed filter is compared with related state-of-the-art filters using both synthetic and real MR datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposal in removing the noise and preserving the anatomical structures of MR images.     

一种新的基于小波变换的图像去噪方法

根据图像小波分解的特点和小波分解后高频小波系数的统计特性,构造了一种新阈值函数的去噪算法。与传统的硬阈值、软阈值函数相比,新阈值函数考虑了图像能量分布的特点,对于每一小波系数乘以一个与自身大小相关的降噪因子,并且新阈值函数简单易于计算,具有较强的自适应性。实验结果表明,采用新阈值函数的去噪结果能够有效地抑制图像的马赛克效应,无论在视觉效果上,还是在信噪比增益上均优于传统的软、硬阈值方法。     

Design of high-repetition frequency gating circuit for cathode of image intensifier北大核心CSCD

According to the requirements of high repetition frequency, fast edge speed and small pulse width for cathode gating signal by range-gated technology, a cathode high repetition frequency gating circuit using period and multi-stage acceleration was proposed. By combining the RC circuit and the high-speed gate circuit, the time bias circuit unit was cascaded to generate logic pulses with different time sequences, which could respectively control the intermediate stage drive MOSFET to generate three phased drive signals, and the output of the intermediate stage drive was used as input of the output-stage MOSFET to control the acceleration and retention of its on-off process. It was verified by software simulation and board-level test. The test results show that the proposed gating circuit can increase the edge time of output pulse from μs level to 2 ns, and can provide +50 V/−200 V cathode off/on voltage, so as to achieve a repetition frequency ranging from 0~350 kHZ, a duty ratio of 0~100%, a minimum pulse width of 3.7 ns, and a pulse output delay time jitter of about 0.1 ns. It has important guiding significance for improving the minimum pulse width performance of high-speed and high-voltage gating power, the highest working repetition frequency and reducing the power loss of the device. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

基于傅里叶变换解相法的像增强管多参数测量

提出一种基于傅里叶变换解相法的像增强管成像质量多参数同时测量的新方法。将一正弦光栅图输入到像增强管,如果像增强管成像质量存在问题,将使图像输出发生改变,形成一变形条纹,采用傅里叶变换解相法对输出的变形条纹进行解相,可同时获得放大率、放大率不均匀度、枕形畸变、桶形畸变、蛇形畸变、剪切畸变等相关信息,对测量系统进行标定,即可实现对上述参数的同时测量。实验测得中心放大率与设定放大率的差值到了10-3量级,测得的畸变和畸变真值两者差异在0.4 pixel以内,结果证明了方法的有效性。