基于SolidWorks的智能垃圾分类装置设计与控制

针对当今城市垃圾成分复杂,垃圾分类大量依靠人工且效率低下等问题,在分析了市面上存在的自动分类垃圾装置的不足之后用SolidWorks软件进行建模,设计了一种对城市垃圾进行智能分类的新装置。该装置由涡轮处理、金属检测以及间隔排队等模块组成,控制系统采用STM32芯片。它可以使投入其中的垃圾分为塑料、金属及厨余垃圾三大类。装置的设计成本较低,操作简便,对城市垃圾分类细致,分类后的垃圾便于后期的集中处理,达到城市垃圾处理无害化、资源化、减量化的目的。     

运用系统工程原理优化城市生活垃圾处理系统

本文根据系统工程原理化城市生活垃圾无害化综合处理的技术，将垃圾无害化综合处理工艺流程从系统工程学角度对垃圾进行无害化综合处理。并以厂址选择、工厂布置为例说明系统工程原理在优化城市垃圾处理工艺设计中的作用。     

构建低碳经济下生产型企业业绩评价指标

发展低碳经济对生产型企业创新能源技术,发挥减排技术等方面提出了更高的要求。基于此,低碳经济下,生产型企业应从可持续健康发展的战略高度出发,结合企业自身情况,本着安全性、减量化、再利用、资源化的原则,重建业绩评价指标体系,引导和激励企业实现新的目标。     

城市生活垃圾两段热解旋流燃烧装置数值模拟

为了实现城市生活垃圾的无害化处置,提出了两段热解旋流燃烧装置。该装置的关键技术在于燃烧室内增加了一螺旋体。通过对燃烧室的数值模拟,确定了螺旋体的结构参数,并考察了螺旋体对气相燃烧温度场、烟气平均停留时间和组分浓度分布的影响。结果表明:增加螺旋体后,燃烧室内气体混合均匀,燃烧完全,燃烧情况优于无螺旋体时,满足抑制二噁英的要求。     

基于红外光谱的城市生活垃圾高值化利用深度分选

红外光谱分析具有快速、精确度高等优点,在分类鉴别领域中发挥着重要作用.红外光谱在生活垃圾分类领域的应用主要集中在塑料等可回收垃圾而忽略了对不可回收垃圾的深度分选.现行生活垃圾的四分法分类中,源头分类得到的其他垃圾中含有多种具有高值化利用潜力的组分,可分为纤维素类、烯类聚合物、木竹类等.这些垃圾的成分和结构不同,因此具有...     

CFB不同密相区形状对固态医疗垃圾颗粒运动特性的影响

提出了不同密相区结构形状(球形、椭球形、方形体)的固态医疗垃圾循环流化床(SMW-CFB),并针对SMW-CFB各段特征,对循环流化床不同密相区形状对固态医疗垃圾颗粒运动特性的影响进行了数值研究,结果表明:密相区为球形体结构比其它结构形状密相区更易出现回流.密相区不同形状时,颗粒运动进入分离器的时间不一样.固态医疗垃圾颗粒在循环流化床内,直径在大于3.5 mm的垃圾颗粒,随烟气上升到一定高度后,落回密相区,而直径小于3.5 mm的颗粒随烟气一同进入分离器,分离器可以捕集直径大于0.025 mm的颗粒,直径小于0.025 mm的颗粒由排气管排出.球形和椭球形密相区有助于垃圾颗粒与风充分混合接触,有利于垃圾颗粒的燃烧.     

造纸污泥与废水污泥流化床焚烧时NO_x和SO_2的排放特性研究

1前言流化床焚烧污犯是近年来发达国家广泛采用的方法，它能很好地实现污泥的稳定化、无害化、减容化和资源化处理。燃煤流化床锅炉污染物排放方面已做了大量的研究工作，由于污泥与煤在结构和性质方面的差异较大，因此有必要对流化床焚烧污泥时污染物排放特性进行研究。本文详细研究了造纸、废水污泥在流化床中焚烧时污泥水份、运行床温及过量空气对NO。和SO。的排放特性及污泥N－＋NO。、S－SO。的转化率的影响，并对这两种性质差异较大的污泥焚烧时的NO。和502的生成特性进行了对比分析，取得了许多有价值的结果，为污泥流化床焚烧…     

基于赤铁矿载氧体的污泥化学链燃烧研究

基于污泥处置技术的减容化、无害化、稳定化和资源化的目的,本文首次采用化学链燃烧技术来处置污泥,实验基于赤铁矿载氧体在1 kW_(th)串行流化床上开展。研究了燃料反应器温度对污泥燃烧特性的影响,并对比了淮北无烟煤和污泥化学链燃烧特性的差异,以及考察了赤铁矿长期运行的物化性能。实验结果表明,在本实验的工况下,没有焦炭随载氧体进入到空气反应;随着燃料反应器温度的增加,污泥和煤的碳转化率均增加,但污泥的碳转化率要高于煤;同时,水蒸气的加入可提高污泥的碳转化率,但水蒸气的量对其影响较小;赤铁矿在长时间运行中,体现了良好的反应以及抗烧结性能。     

基于卷积神经网络的智能垃圾分类系统

为解决当前垃圾分类中的人工成本高与分类效率低的问题,提出了基于卷积神经网络的智能垃圾分类系统.该系统通过将卷积神经网络移植到嵌入式设备树莓派中,实现具有准确识别垃圾种类功能的核心嵌入式主控,并结合一定机械分类结构,实现自动识别与分类垃圾的功能.通过移入该系统,便可以较低成本地将普通垃圾桶改造为智能分类垃圾桶,为当下垃圾分类的社会难点提供智能高效的解决方案.     

秸秆/城市生活垃圾混合热解过程中硫及氯的析出特性

基于TGA-FTIR联用技术,研究一种高灰分、低热值城市生活垃圾与秸秆(棉秆及玉米秆)在不同质量配比下混合热解过程中气态硫和氯的析出特性.结果表明,城市生活垃圾掺加秸秆后,促进垃圾的热解,CH4及有机物析出增加;随着秸秆掺加比例提高,H2S及SO2的析出量增加,HC1起始析出温度有所降低,但析出量减小.试验结果为城市生活垃圾及秸秆的综合利用提供理论依据.     

Energy recovery from municipal solid waste incineration—A review

Heat recovery from the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) can make a useful contribution to the nation's energy needs. This paper reviews the literature on the field of energy recovery from MSW incineration. This review includes (1) An historical background on the MSW methods of disposal and the recent trends. (2) The potential role of waste as a fuel from the knowledge of its analysis, heating value and quantity. (3) The alternative methods of waste disposal including the thermal (mass incineration, refuse-derived fuel and pyrolysis), the mechanical and the biochemical processes. (4) Some economic considerations regarding MSW disposal costs. (5) The combustion characteristics of MSW and waste combustion plants. (6) Heat recovery from waste burning including the main types of waste heat boilers; the heat recovery rates; heat exchange boundary conditions; fouling, erosion and corrosion of waste heat boilers; control of waste incineration particulate emissions and finally the control of nitrogen oxides emissions. The intensive data given here is essential to the proper design and operation of any MSW-to-energy plant. The design needs to be undertaken with careful consideration of the experience that already exists in order to achieve success.     

垃圾焚烧灰渣的熔融物理化学特性分析

对垃圾焚烧灰渣的熔融物理化学特性研究,为合理应用和发展垃圾焚烧技术以及对灰渣的熔化处理和有效利用提供基础。本研究对目前运行的不同垃圾焚烧技术进行灰渣采样,系统分析垃圾灰渣的熔融物理化学特性的变化和相互关系,并给出灰渣流动温度和软化温度的拟合公式,并对垃圾焚烧技术及灰渣处理提出建议。     

废弃物燃烧及流化床焚烧炉冷模实验研究

废弃物燃烧及流化床焚烧炉冷模实验研究王柏懿，盛宏至，戚隆溪，田文栋（中国科学院力学研究所北京１０００８０）关键词：固体废弃物，焚烧，流化床，冷模实验一、引言众所周知，环境污染已成为影响人类生存和社会发展的严重问题。例如，随着人口增长、经济发展和工业化...     

垃圾焚烧炉氯源对氯化氢和二噁英排放的影响

本文研究了150 t/d垃圾与煤混烧流化床锅炉在不同含氯水平和添加钙基脱硫时氯化氢和二噁英的排放特性。实验结果表明烟气中的氯化氢和二噁英浓度随燃料中垃圾比例的增加而上升,在含氯量一定的情况下,炉内燃烧状况决定了二噁英的生成量,烟气中的二噁英随燃料中含氯量的增加而增加,飞灰中的二噁英则随燃烧状况的改善而增加。钙基的加入可以有效降低氯化氢和二噁英的排放。在我国目前的垃圾组分条件下,全煤工况和垃圾与煤混烧工况的二噁英排放量很低。     

Optimal Siting of Transfer Station Locations in a Metropolitan Solid Waste Management System

System analysis for solid waste management currently receives wide attention from both economic and environmental planners because of their complexity during the coordination of various management strategies. This paper deals with the development and application of an operational solid waste management model through a hierarchical approach, in which the siting problem of transfer stations in a large scale metropolitan region is decomposed into two different levels. This analytical approach encompasses a preliminary screening procedure using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and an optimization analysis by a mixed integer programming model. Four criteria are employed in the screening of initial candidate sites and the optimization of a solid waste collection, recycling, treatment, and disposal system is used to direct waste generation to existing or proposed transfer stations, treatment plants and disposal facilities at minimum cost. A case study in Taiwan shows that the optimal siting strategies of transfer stations can successfully reduce system direct cost and generate relatively reasonable operational programs.     

城市垃圾与煤在CFBC试验台上的混烧试验

城市垃圾的焚烧处理一直是人们关注的研究领域。本文详细报告了一种城市垃圾与劣质煤在0.15兆瓦CFBC试验台上的混烧试验。试验结果表明,城市垃圾与劣质煤在循环流化床中的混烧可以很好地满足稳定和高温燃烧的要求,通过添加石灰石等含钙物料可以有效地在燃烧过程巾控制SO2、HCl和二(?)英类污染物的生成。     

Particle size,size distribution and morphological evaluation of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) industrial by-product

The waste management of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GRP) materials, in particular those made with thermosetting resins, is a critical issue for the composites industry because these materials cannot be reprocessed. Therefore, most thermosetting GRP waste is presently sent to landfill, in spite of the significant environmental impact caused by their disposal in this way. The limited GRP waste recycling worldwide is mostly due to its intrinsic thermosetting properties, lack of characterization data and unavailability of viable recycling and recovery routes. One of the possibility for re-using GRP industrial by-product is in form of powder as a partial aggregate replacement or filler addition in cement based composites for applications in sustainable construction materials and technologies. However, the feasibility of this kind of reutilization strongly depends on the morphology and particle size distribution of a powder made up of polymer granules and glass fibers. In the present study, the use of image analysis method, based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ImageJ processing program, is proposed in order to evaluate the morphology of the particles and measure the particle size and size distribution of fine GRP waste powder. The obtained results show a great potential of such a method in order to be considered as a standardized method of measurement and analysis in order to characterize the grain size and size distribution of GRP particles before exploiting any compatibility issue for its recycling management.     

内旋流流化床燃烧稳定性研究

城市生活垃圾焚烧需要稳定均匀的温度来减少燃烧产生的大气污染物。采用内旋流流化床进行了垃圾焚烧实验,通过改变垃圾处理量、垃圾种类和流化床浓相床区高度,研究了浓相床区温度的稳定性和焚烧炉内温度分布。     

Solid waste plasma disposal plant

This review describes the current status of waste plasma disposal plant. A comprehensive analysis of the available scientific and technical literature on waste plasma disposal plant, including the actual plant design and configuration, operation principle of core facility, the economic viability and floor area of a plasma plant. The case on the development and large scale commercial applications of the solid waste plasma disposal plant should be further research.     

原生垃圾和煤混烧时多环芳烃和二(噁)英的生成关联

为了评价多环芳烃作为二(口恶)英前驱物经由前驱物途径生成二(口恶)英反应途径的可能性,并找出能作为二(口恶)英在线监测的可能指示物,本文在小型管式炉上进行了原生垃圾和煤混合燃烧试验。结果表明,随着硫氯摩尔比的增加,生成的多环芳烃总量呈下降趋势,和二(口恶)英总量变化的趋势相同,多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)的总量和多环芳烃总量的变化趋势比较相似,存在着一定的关联性。其中苯并[a]蒽(BaA)和PCDFs的关联性非常大,苯并[a]蒽有可能作为PCDF监测的可靠的指示物之一。