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骨科植入物金属材料生物摩擦腐蚀研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
骨科植入物的生物摩擦腐蚀耦合行为对人工假体使用寿命有重要影响.本文作者概述了生物摩擦腐蚀耦合行为研究的试验方案和主要分类,其中按照摩擦方式不同,可将其分为磨粒磨损腐蚀、微动腐蚀、滑动(摩擦)腐蚀、模拟器仿真(摩擦)腐蚀等类型,分析了影响该行为的主要因素,包括摩擦、电化学、材料和溶液因素等.通过调研国内外文献,综述了钛合金、钴铬钼合金和不锈钢三种主要金属材料在微动腐蚀、滑动摩擦腐蚀和模拟器摩擦腐蚀三类损伤模式下的研究现状.接着介绍了钝化膜去除、磨屑颗粒产生和金属离子释放过程,以及摩擦腐蚀耦合损伤机理.最后总结未来应在假体真实工作环境模拟和再现、有机物(如白蛋白)等人体体液中特有物质对植入物耦合行为影响和其他假体如人工椎间盘生物摩擦腐蚀等三个方面开展深入研究. 相似文献
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两种金属材料腐蚀磨损的交互作用 总被引:21,自引:4,他引:17
金属材料的腐蚀磨损率不是其腐蚀率与磨损率之和,这是由于存在腐蚀与磨损交互作用的缘故.在腐蚀磨损系统中,若忽略温度和压力等环境因素的影响,则材料的腐蚀磨损就是电化学因素与力学因素交互作用的结果.在给定的试验条件下,45#钢和2Cr13不锈钢在分别含硫酸、盐酸和硝酸的石英砂浆体冲击下的腐蚀磨损率均大于各自的腐蚀率与磨损率之和,证明有交互作用发生,而且交互作用值随腐蚀率或磨损率的增高而增大.在对影响腐蚀磨损交互作用的主要因素进行分析的基础上,建立了反映材料腐蚀磨损交互作用与腐蚀率及磨损率之间数量关系和变化规律的交互作用图.利用这种图可以分析腐蚀磨损中电化学因素和力学因素对腐蚀磨损交互作用的影响,比较不同材料的腐蚀磨损交互作用受这两种因素影响的敏感程度,评价金属材料的腐蚀磨损性能 相似文献
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在40GPa压力下,采用压电石英传感技术,测量了腐蚀时间为1~7d的铅自由表面的微物质喷射。结果表明,微喷射量随着腐蚀时间的增加而增加.但腐蚀时间大于4d以后,微喷射量的增量减小。实验测量了粗糙度R2约为1.5和8.0μm样品表面的微物质喷射量.在腐蚀时间小于4d时,样品表面粗糙度Rz为8.0μm的微物质喷射量大.说明粗糙度对微喷射有影响。当铅的表面腐蚀4d以后.两种粗糙度的铅样品的微喷射量在实验误差范围内是一致的.说明此时的微物质喷射量只取决于腐蚀层的杂质和氧化物.而与表面原始粗糙度无关。 相似文献
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疲劳破坏是工程中最常见的一种结构失效形式.当工程结构在腐蚀环境中服役时,腐蚀环境和交变载荷的共同影响会显著降低结构的疲劳性能.本文将近场动力学疲劳损伤与腐蚀损伤统一,考虑腐蚀疲劳演化中结构损伤为腐蚀损伤和疲劳损伤的线性叠加;结合近场动力学疲劳模型与应力腐蚀模型,建立近场动力学腐蚀疲劳模型.该模型同时考虑了结构变形对腐蚀速率的影响和腐蚀前沿产物与几何形貌的非均质性.应用该模型模拟研究了不锈钢紧凑拉伸试件中的腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生、裂纹扩展阶段.数值结果表明本文发展的近场动力学腐蚀疲劳模型可以描述腐蚀疲劳的损伤演化过程,引入的力学损伤与腐蚀损伤相互作用耦合模型以及应力腐蚀关系揭示了阳极溶解对试件疲劳寿命的影响以及疲劳寿命的加载频率敏感性. 相似文献
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腐蚀疲劳是工业装备的主要失效模式之一.随着新技术的不断发展,航空航天、轨道交通、海洋设施等重大装备向着高可靠性、长寿命及智能化方向发展,亟需准确、高效的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测方法.论文对金属材料的腐蚀疲劳损伤机理进行了简要总结并对寿命预测模型进行了系统归纳与评述,提出未来的研究趋势与方向.具体地,首先介绍了腐蚀坑的萌生和生长、裂纹萌生及扩展的机理;其次总结了预腐蚀疲劳的断裂力学及损伤力学寿命预测模型,再次归纳了腐蚀疲劳的断裂力学、损伤力学及数据驱动寿命预测模型;进一步地,综合概括了现有寿命预测模型的优点和不足;最后,基于当前的研究指出未来可能的发展方向,一方面可以借助三维成像技术实现蚀坑向裂纹转变阶段和短裂纹扩展阶段的可视化研究,以改进现有的断裂力学模型;另一方面可以建立新型的多尺度多阶段寿命预测模型或利用新兴的数据驱动-物理融合方法实现腐蚀疲劳寿命预测. 相似文献
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对剪切水-气界面下湍流低速条带的喷射现象进行了细致的观测。喷射过程中,条带的一部分迅速离开水面近区下侵,与深层高速流动发生激烈的相互作用。这意味着条带喷射对水面剪切层中的湍流输运有重要影响。根据流动显示的图像资料获得的定量结果揭示出喷射行为的基本特征,包括喷射频率、喷射流体的轨迹和速度分布等。文中将这些特征与固壁湍流边界层中的对应情形作了比较。实验观察和喷射、猝发事件的时间分布特点表明,低速条带喷射是猝发过程的组成部分,喷射的时间间隔一般显著小于猝发,两种现象的出现都具有很强的随机性。将喷射与湍动能产生率的空间分布作比较,它们的形状极为相似,反映出喷射过程可能是水面附近湍流的主要贡献者。 相似文献
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腐蚀会导致材料表面附近产生机械损伤,降低材料强度.腐蚀损伤演化过程的理解和模拟,对工程结构的剩余服役寿命预测、可靠性分析、以及材料耐腐蚀设计等至关重要.现有的腐蚀数学模型大多旨在描述单个或少数几个腐蚀点的界面演化过程.这些模型通常都基于扩散理论和电化学动力学定律,用于预测腐蚀点的几何形状演化和溶液中离子的浓度分布演化.论文简述了腐蚀的电化学动力学基础,为力学工作者参与腐蚀损伤研究提供了简要的背景知识介绍.对目前发展比较完善的点腐蚀模型进行了总结分类.重点介绍了近十年来几种主要的新型腐蚀模拟方法:元胞自动机法、相场模型和近场动力学模型.并分析了各方法的优缺点.提出了电偶腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂模型分析中亟待解决的一些问题.最后,论文总结了腐蚀模拟在实际工程应用中的难点,展望了未来研究发展方向. 相似文献
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超声滚压(ultrasonic surface rolling,USR)技术结合高能冲击和静载滚压的特点,处理后工件具有表面光洁度高、变形层深、残余压应力大和晶粒细化明显等优势;可通过适当的工艺参数设计,极大提高金属材料的疲劳强度,因而在制造业得到了广泛应用.自该技术应用至今,国内外学者做了大量有关USR工艺及性能方面的研究,并在多种重要金属材料及关键零部件中应用.截至目前,关于USR工艺参数对材料表面完整性和疲劳性能的研究,比较零散,缺乏系统总结.研究首先简要介绍了 USR的工作原理和可控性;然后总结了不同USR工艺参数诱导的残余应力和微观组织,以及残余应力在疲劳加载过程中的释放规律;分析了不同工艺USR诱导的表面完整性对疲劳性能的影响及其潜在机理;阐述了与USR相关的复合强化方法的最新进展,并展望了 USR金属材料的应用前景. 相似文献
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George Mejak 《国际流体数值方法杂志》1991,13(4):491-505
A numerical algorithm to determine the impingement of an axisymmetric free jet upon a curved deflector is presented. The problem is considered within the potential flow theory with the allowance of gravity and surface tension effects. The primary dependent variable is the Stokes streamfunction, which is approximated through finite elements using the isoparametric Hermite Zienkiewicz element. To find the correct position of the free boundaries, a trial-and-error method is employed which amounts to solving a boundary value problem (BVP) for the Stokes streamfunction at each iteration step. An efficient method is proposed to solve this BVP. The algorithm to find the correct position of the free boundaries is tested by computing the impingement upon an infinite disc and a hemispherical deflector. To confirm the correctness of the solution, each problem has been solved using several different mesh gradings. A comparison between the Zienkiewicz and the other standard C0 finite elements is also given. 相似文献
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实验研究了狭缝射流撞击圆柱表面后壁面射流区的平均流动和湍流特性. 考察了雷诺数 Re (6000-20000), 喷口到受撞表面距离 Y/W (5-13), 喷口宽度 W (6.25mm, 9.38mm), 受撞表面曲率(半圆柱体直径 D = 150mm)对流动和湍流结构的影响. 通过分析 X 热线在壁面射流区的测量结果发现,在近壁区域,表面曲率、 Re_{w} , Y/W 和 S/W 等参数对 sqrt {overline{u^2}} / U_m 的影响比对 sqrt {overline{v^2}} / U_m 强,并且切应力 overline {uv} /U_m^2 对表面曲率变化最敏感. 当喷口与受撞击表面之间的距离 Y/W 在一定范围内增加时, 沿圆柱表面流动的流向和横向的湍流强度增强.用平板射流和圆柱体表面壁面射流的数据进行比较,从而得到表面曲率对壁面射流特性的影响. 结果表明,曲率对壁面射流的影响较强,并随着 S/W 的增大而增强. 随着雷诺数的增大,壁面曲率的影响也有强化的趋势. 相似文献
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Two‐dimensional laminar incompressible impinging slot‐jet is simulated numerically to gain insight into flow characteristics.Computations are done for vertically downward‐directed slot‐jets impinging on a plate at the bottom and confined by a parallel surface on top. The behaviour of the jet with respect to aspect ratio (AR) and Reynolds number (Re) are described in detail. The computed flow patterns for various AR (2–5) and for a range of jet‐exit Reynolds numbers (100–500) are analysed to understand the flow characteristics. The transient development of the flow is also simulated for AR = 4 and Re = 300. It is found that the reattachment length is dependent on both AR and Reynolds number for the range considered. The correlation for reattachment length is suggested. The maximum resultant velocity Vrmax and its trajectory is reported. A detailed study of horizontal velocity profile at different downstream locations is reported. It is found that the effect of Reynolds number and AR is significant to the bottom wall vorticity in the impingement and wall jet regions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A SIMPLE-C algorithm and Jones-Launder k-ε two-equation turbulence model are used to simulate a two-dimensional jet impinging obliquely on a flat surface. Both the continuity and momentum equations for the unsteady state are cast into suitable finite difference equations. The pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent energy dissipation rate distributions are solved and show good agreement with various experimental data. The calculations show that the flow field structure of the jet impinging obliquely on a flat surface is strongly affected by the oblique impingement angle. The maximum pressure zone of the obliquely impinging jet flow field moves towards the left as the oblique impingement angle is decreased. 相似文献
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This paper presents a fundamental gas-kinetic study on a high speed planar rarefied jet impinging on a flat plate of specular reflections. Based on previous collisionless planar free jet results, it is straightforward to obtain jet impingement flowfield solutions, and jet impingement for specular reflective plate surface properties. Several direct simulation Monte Carlo simulation results are provided and they validate these analytical solutions of rarefied planar jet flows. The results can find applications in many disciplines, such as materials processing, molecular beams, and space engineering. 相似文献
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Jet impingement onto a hole with elevated wall temperature can be associated with the high‐temperature thermal drilling, where the gas jet is used for shielding the hole wall from the high‐temperature oxidation reactions as observed in the case of laser drilling. In laser processing, the molten flow from the hole wall occurs; and in the model study, the hole wall velocity resembling the molten flow should be accounted for. In the present study, gas jet impingement onto tapered hole with elevated temperature is considered and the heat transfer rates as well as skin friction at the hole wall surface are predicted. The velocity of molten flow from the hole wall determined from the previous study is adopted in the simulations and the effect of hole wall velocity on the heat transfer rates and skin friction is also examined. It is found that the Nusselt number and skin friction at the hole wall in the regions of hole inlet and exit attain high values. The influence of hole wall velocity on the Nusselt number and skin friction is found not to be very significant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Koichi Ichimiya
Nobuo Hosaka
《Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science》1992,5(6):803-807Experimental results are presented for characteristics of impingement heat transfer caused by three slot jets. Experimental values were obtained for the dimensionless distance H = 0.5−3, dimensionless pitch P = 6−16, and Reynolds number Re = 500−8000. For laminar impinging flow, they were compared with numerical results. For turbulent impinging flow, two peaks of the local Nusselt number were obtained behind the second nozzle. The position of the second peak approached the nozzle as the space between nozzle and impinged surface decreased. The average Nusselt number between the central and second nozzles was determined from the ratio P/H and the Reynolds number based on the pitch of the nozzles. 相似文献